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World Scientific
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Published by
World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224
USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601
UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Confucian culture and democracy / edited by John Fuh-sheng Hsieh.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-9814596381
1. Democracy--East Asia. 2. Democracy--Religious aspects--Confucianism. 3. Confucianism--
Political aspects--East Asia. 4. Confucianism and state--East Asia. 5. Political culture--East Asia.
6. East Asia--Politics and government--1945– I. Hsieh, John Fuh-sheng, 1951– editor of
compilation.
JQ1499.A91C66 2014
306.2095--dc23
2014017659
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Copyright © 2015 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval
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Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy
is not required from the publisher.
In-House Editors: Li Hongyan/Chitralekha Elumalai
Typeset by Stallion Press
Email: [email protected]
Printed in Singapore
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Contents
Preface vii
About the Editor ix
About the Contributors xi
Chapter 1 Introduction: Democracy, Confucian Style? 1
John Fuh-sheng Hsieh
Chapter 2 Protest Confucianism and Postwar Japanese
Democratic Practice 21
John A. Tucker
Chapter 3 Identity and Democratic Values in Divided
Taiwan 33
I-chou Liu and Kuang-hui Chen
Chapter 4 The Political Logic of Public Policymaking
in Democratizing Taiwan 57
Joseph Wong
Chapter 5 Adaptations in Korea: Confucianism, Democracy,
and Economic Development 85
John Kie-Chiang Oh
Chapter 6 The Politics of Confucianism and Asian Values
in Singapore 111
Lam Peng Er
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vi Contents
Chapter 7 Confucianism and Pluralism in a Meritocratic
Society: The Singapore Case 131
Thomas J. Bellows
Chapter 8 Confucian Values and Democratic Governance
in Hong Kong 161
Joseph Y. S. Cheng
Chapter 9 Changes in Political Values in Mainland China
Since the 1990s: Evidence from Surveys 197
Gang Guo
Chapter 10 O n Local Governance in China: From Feudalism,
Centralized Bureaucracy, to Self-Governance 225
Emerson M. S. Niou
Index 247
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Preface
Whether Confucian culture — or more specifically, Confucianism —
is compatible with democracy has been a controversial issue since time
immemorial. Just a couple of decades ago, the conventional wisdom
seemed to hold that the two were antithetical to each other even
though Japan, a country with somewhat dubious Confucian legacy,
was able to maintain democratic rule for quite some time. Yet, as
Taiwan and South Korea, two unequivocally Confucian societies,
transited to democracy, the mood shifted. Now, more sanguine assess-
ment of Confucian legacy is common.
This edited volume represents an effort to assess the complicated
links between Confucianism or Confucian culture on the one hand
and democratization or democratic governance on the other. It origi-
nated from a conference on democracy in Confucian societies held at
the University of South Carolina (USC) in April 2004. The confer-
ence was sponsored by the Taiwan Foundation for Democracy (TFD).
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to the TFD, especially
Dr. Michael Kau, for providing this opportunity for scholars with dif-
ferent backgrounds to get together to discuss this important topic.
I would also like to thank the USC Center for Asian Studies for assist-
ing in organizing the conference. Ms. Polly Brown of the Center,
along with several graduate assistants, Sam-san Jo, Shih-hung Peng,
and Che-chuan Lee, managed the event smoothly and efficiently.
I greatly appreciate the contributions of all the participants of the
conference for their insightful comments and suggestions. In
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viii Preface
particular, I would like to thank Professor William Theodore de Bary
for giving a keynote speech at the conference. Regrettably, two of the
participants, Professors Lucian W. Pye and John Kie-Chiang Oh,
passed away later. They will be remembered. Special thanks go to
Professor Bonnie Oh, Professor John Oh’s wife. With her permission,
we include Professor John Oh’s article in this volume.
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About the Editor
John Fuh-sheng Hsieh is a Professor of
Political Science at the University of South
Carolina. His teaching and research interests
include rational choice theory, constitutional
choice, electoral systems, electoral behavior,
political parties, democratization, and foreign
policy. He is the author or co-author of Positive
Political Theory [in Chinese], A Comparative
Study of Referendums [in Chinese], Party-List
Proportional Representation [in Chinese], and On the Participation of
Interest Groups in the Political Process [in Chinese]. He is also the co-
editor of The Scope and Methods of Political Science [in Chinese] and
How Asia Votes. His works appeared in many books and journals.
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