Table Of Content1
Confrontational and Cooperative
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3 Regional Orders
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13 This book explains cooperative and confrontational regional orders in the post-
14 Cold War era.
15 Applying a push- and-pull framework to the evolution of regional orders, the
16 book’s theoretical section compares regional dynamics and studies the trans-
17 formation and authority of governing arrangements among key regional actors
18 who manage security and institutional cooperation. This presents a novel
19 approach to comparing non- Western regional orders, and helps forge a better
20 integration between International Relations disciplinary approaches and area
21 studies. The empirical section analyzes Central Eurasia and South America
22 within the period 1989–2017, using case studies and interviews with decision-
23 makers, practitioners and experts. The volume demonstrates that soft engage-
24 ment strategies from extra- regional great powers and internationalist domestic
25 coalitions framed in a stable democratic polity are forces for peaceful inter-
26 action, while hard engagement strategies from great external powers plus nation-
27 alist coalitions within democratic backsliding in key regional powers present
28 negative outlooks for regional cooperation.
29 This book will be of much interest to students of regional security, com-
30 parative politics, area studies and International Relations.
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32 Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi is Executive Secretary of the Center for International
33 Affairs at the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina. He is also Senior
34 Researcher at the Center for Research and Strategic Studies of the
35 Argentine Navy.
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Routledge Global Security Studies 22
Series Editors: Aaron Karp and Regina Karp 33
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Global Security Studies emphasizes broad forces reshaping global security and 1133
the dilemmas facing decision-m akers the world over. The series stresses issues 1144
relevant in many countries and regions, accessible to broad professional and aca- 1155
demic audiences as well as to students, and enduring through explicit theoretical 1166
foundations. 1177
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US National Security Reform 1199
Reassessing the National Security Act of 1947 2200
Edited by Heidi B. Demarest and Erica D. Borghard 2211
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Geo- economics and Power Politics in the 21st Century 2233
The Revival of Economic Statecraft 2244
Edited by Mikael Wigell, Sören Scholvin and Mika Aaltola 2255
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Nuclear Command and Control Norms 2277
A Comparative Study 2288
Salma Shaheen 2299
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Global Nuclear Order 3311
Sara Z. Kutchesfahani 3322
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Nuclear Disarmament 3344
A Critical Assessment 3355
Edited by Bård Nikolas Vik Steen and Olav Njølstad 3366
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Confrontational and Cooperative Regional Orders 3388
Managing Regional Security in World Politics 3399
Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi 4400
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For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/ 4422
Routledge-G lobal-Security-S tudies/book- series/RGSS 4433
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Cooperative Regional Orders
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World Politics
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First published 2020 22
by Routledge 33
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
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and by Routledge 55
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
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Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
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© 2020 Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi 88
The right of Ariel Gonzalez Levaggi to be identified as author of this work 99
has been asserted by him in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the
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Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
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All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or
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utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now
known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in 1133
any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing 1144
from the publishers.
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Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or
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registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation
without intent to infringe. 1177
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British Library Cataloguing-i n-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 1199
Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data 2200
A catalog record has been requested for this book 2211
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ISBN: 978-0-367-18777-4 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-429-19819-9 (ebk) 2233
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Typeset in Times New Roman
by Wearset Ltd, Boldon, Tyne and Wear 2255
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1133 To Estefania, my life companion
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Contents
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1133 List of figures viii
1144 List of tables ix
1155 Preface x
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Acknowledgments xii
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1199 1 Bringing the regions back in 1
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transformation 13
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3 Central Eurasia: from the historical foundations to the age
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of strong leaderships 43
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4 South America: from regional transformation to the
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2299 decline of the Brazilian-l ed “South Ameri canization” 118
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3322 in comparative perspective 196
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3344 6 Regional orders in the Trump era 210
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Figures
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2.1 Regional transformation: the push-a nd-pull model 34 1133
3.1 Power structure in Central Eurasia (1988–2013) 44 1144
3.2 Bilateral trade Russia‒Turkey (1985–2003) (US$ millions) 68 1155
3.3 Natural gas: trade volume by pipeline to Turkey (1991–2003) 1166
(in billion cubic meters) 71 1177
3.4 Bilateral trade Russia‒Turkey (2003–2015) (US$ millions) 80 1188
3.5 Natural gas: trade by pipeline to Turkey (2004–2015) 1199
(in billion cubic meters) 88 2200
4.1 Power structure in South America (1860–2013) 119 2211
4.2 Bilateral trade Brazil‒Argentina (2001–2016) (US$ billion) 161 2222
5.1 Push- and-pull transformative mechanisms in Central Eurasia 203 2233
5.2 Push- and-pull transformative mechanisms in South America 204 2244
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Tables
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1133 2.1 Ideal type international orders since 1945 21
1144 2.2 International orders in the post-C old War 22
1155 2.3 Confrontational and cooperative regional orders 32
1166 3.1 Periodization of Russo-T urkish relations and the Central
1177 Eurasian order 46
1188 4.1 Periodization of Brazilian–Argentine relations and the South
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