Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans: The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire and Nation-Building

366 Pages·2011·3.684 MB·English

by  Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Clayer, Robert Pichler

Hannes Grandits is a Professor at the Department of History at the Hum-
boldt-University in Berlin and a former senior associate for Southeast Euro-
pean History at the University of Graz.
Nathalie Clayer is a Professor at the EHESS (Paris) and a senior research
fellow at the CNRS (Paris). She is the director of the CETOBAC (Centre
d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques, CNRS-
EHESS).
Robert Pichler is a researcher and lecturer at the Department for Southeast
European History at the University of Graz.

CONFLICTING
LOYALTIES
IN THE BALKANS
The Great Powers, the Ottoman Empire
and Nation-Building
Edited by
Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Clayer
and Robert Pichler
Published in 2011 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd
6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU
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Distributed in the United States and Canada
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Copyright Editorial Selection and Introduction © 2011 Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Clayer
and Robert Pichler
Copyright Individual Chapters © 2011 Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Clayer, Robert Pichler,
Malte Fuhrmann, Bernard Lory, Ioannis Zelepos, Alexander Vezenkov, Eyal Ginio, Eva
Anne Frantz, Nataša Mišković and Galia Valtchinova
The right of Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Clayer and Robert Pichler to be identified as the
editors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs
and Patent Act 1988.
All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof,
may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in
any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Library of Ottoman Studies 28
ISBN 978 1 84885 477 2
A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library
A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
Library of Congress catalog card: available
Printed and bound in India by Thomson Press (India)
Camera-ready copy edited and supplied by the editors
CONTENTS

Acknowledgements vii
Notes on the Contributors ix
List of Illustrations xiii
Introduction: Social (dis-)integration and the national turn
in the late- and post-Ottoman Balkans: Towards
an analytical framework
Hannes Grandits, Nathalie Clayer and Robert Pichler 1
PART I: JANUS-FACED EUROPEANIZATION 13
1. Vagrants, prostitutes and Bosnians: making and unmaking
European supremacy in Ottoman Southeast Europe
Malte Fuhrmann 15
2. Schools for the destruction of society: school propaganda
in Bitola 1860–1912
Bernard Lory 46
3. Amateurs as nation-builders? On the significance of associations
for the formation and nationalization of Greek society
in the nineteenth century
Ioannis Zelepos 64
PART II: AMBIGUOUS ACTORS, CONFLICTING STRATEGIES 87
4. The dimension of confessionalisation in the Ottoman Balkans
at the time of Nationalisms
Nathalie Clayer 89
vi Conflicting Loyalties in the Balkans
5. Violent social disintegration: a nation-building strategy
in late-Ottoman Herzegovina
Hannes Grandits 110
6. In the service of the Sultan, in the service of the Revolution:
Local Bulgarian notables in the 1870s
Alexander Vezenkov 135
PART III: REFRAINED LOYALTIES 155
7. El Dovér El Mas Sànto. The mobilization of the Ottoman Jewish
population during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913)
Eyal Ginio 157
8. Catholic Albanian warriors for the Sultan in late-Ottoman
Kosovo: the Fandi as a socio-professional group and
their identity patterns
Eva Anne Frantz 182
PART IV: ELITE PROJECTS, DIVERGENT REALITIES 203
9. Mission, power and violence: Serbia’s national turn
Nataša Mišković 205
10. Nationalism at (symbolic) work: social disintegration
and the national turn in Melnik and Stanimaka
Galia Valtchinova 225
Notes 251
Index 339
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We are grateful to the University of Graz which enabled us to invite sev-
eral contributors of this volume to present their papers at the Center for
Southeast European History. The discussions that revolved around these
presentations were the starting point for this publication. We also want to
thank the Centre d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiati-
ques (EHESS-CNRS) in Paris, which supported the language editing and
financially enabled the copy editing of this book.
We are very much indebted to Gesine Meeker who worked with patience
and accuracy to copy edit all of the contributions, and particular thanks
also go to Christelle Chevallier who worked on the formatting and Martin
Blasius who helped in the checking of the final manuscript.

NOTES ON THE CONTRIBUTORS
Nathalie Clayer is a Professor at the EHESS (Paris) and a senior research
fellow at the CNRS (Paris). She is the director of the CETOBAC (Centre
d’études turques, ottomanes, balkaniques et centrasiatiques, CNRS-EHESS).
Her research focuses on religion and state-building in the Balkans, espe-
cially among the Albanians. Her most recent book is entitled Aux origines du
nationalisme albanais, Paris, Karthala, 2007.
Eva Anne Frantz is a research fellow at the Balkan Commission of the Aus-
trian Academy of Sciences. She is currently finishing her PhD thesis about
culture and society in late-Ottoman Kosovo 1870–1913. Her main research
interests focus on the study of modern cultural history of Albania, Serbia
and Kosovo. She recently published “Loyalitätsoptionen und Identitätsmus-
ter von Albanern in Kosovo in spätosmanischer Zeit (1870–1913): Zur Be-
deutung von Religion und Familie”, in Emil Brix, Arnold Suppan and
Elisabeth Vyslonzil (eds.), Südosteuropa. Traditionen als Macht, Vienna, Ver-
lag für Geschichte und Politik, 2007, pp. 73–86, and “Violence and its Im-
pact on Loyalty and Identity Formation in Late Ottoman Kosovo: Muslims
and Christians in a Period of Reform and Transformation”, Journal of Mus-
lim Minority Affairs, 29 (2009), 4, pp. 455–468.
Malte Fuhrmann is a researcher at the Orient Institute Istanbul. He has
published on German colonialism in Southeast Europe, Habsburg immi-
grants into the Ottoman Empire, and Mediterranean port cities. He is co-
editor together with Ulrike Freitag, Nora Lafi, and Florian Riedler of The
City in the Ottoman Empire: Migration and the Making of Urban Modernity,
London, Routledge, 2010.