Conference on Recent Shifts in Vegetation Boundaries of Deciduous Forests, Especially Due to General Global Warming

348 Pages·1999·15.983 MB·English

by  Hans-Caspar Bodmer, Lioba Paul (auth.), Prof. Dr. Frank Klötzli, Gian-Reto Walther (eds.)

M 0 n t e Proceedings of the Centro Stefano Franscini
V e r ita Ascona
Edited by H. FlUhler, ETH Zurich
Conference on
Recent Shifts in Vegetation
Boundaries of Oeciduous
Forests, Especially Oue to
General Global Warming
Edited by:
F.
KIătzii
G.-R. Walther
Springer Basel AG
Editors:
Prof. Dr. Frank KI6tzii Gian-Reto Walther
Geobotanicallnstitute ETH ZOrich Geobotanicallnstitute ETH ZOrich
ZOrichbergstrasse 38 ZOrichbergstrasse 38
CH-8044 ZOrich CH-8044 ZOrich
Tel.: +41·1-6324588 Tel.: [phone]
Fax: [phone] Fax: [phone]
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: walther©geobot.umnw.ethz.ch
A CIP catalogue record for this book is available from the Library 01 Congress, Washington D.C., USA
Die Deutsche Bibliothek Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Conference on Recent Shlfts In Vegetation Boundaries of
Deciduous Forests, Especially Due to General Global Warming
<1998, Ascona>:
Conlerence on Recent Shifts in Vegetation Boundaries 01 Deciduous
Forests, Especially Due ta General Global Warming / ed. by
F. KI6tzii ; G.-R. Walther. - Basel ; Boston; Berlin: Birkhăuser, 1999
(Monte Verita)
ISBN 978-3-0348-9743-3 ISBN 978-3-0348-8722-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-0348-8722-9
This work is subject to copyright. AII rights are reserved, whether the whole or part 01 the material is concerned,
specilically the rights 01 translation, reprinting, re-use 01 illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproductian an
microlilms or in ather ways, and storage in data banks. For any kind of use, permission of the copyright owner rnust
be obtained.
© 1999 Springer Basel AG
Originally published by Birkhauser Verlag in 1999
Softcover reprinl of Ihe hardcover 1s i edilion 1999
Camera-ready copy prepared by the editors.
Printed on acid-Iree paper produced Iram chlorine-free pulp. TCF =
987654321
Table of contents
Table of contents .......................................................................................................................... V
Preface ........................... ................. .............. ............. ............ ........... ..................... .......................... VII
Acknowledgements ..................................................................................................................... IX
"Insight" in the topic of the conference ............................................................................... X
List of participants ...................................................................................................................... XI
Shaping the Mountain ofTruth: an introduction to the Monte Verita
Hans-Caspar BODMER, Lioba PAUL and Ottmar HOLDENRIEDER ..................... 1
Recent vegetation shifts in Switzerland
Frank KLOTZLI and Gian-Reto WALTHER 15
Climatic influence on vegetation changes: a verification on regional scale
oftheLaurophyllisation
Gabriele CARRARO, Pippo GIANONI and Roberto MOSSI. ............................... ) 1
Causes of shifts in vegetation in the past and present
Peter VOSER 53
...........................................................................................................
Vegetation shift and laurophyllisation: the possible role of fires
Marco CONEDERA, Claire HOFMANN and Willy TINNER .................................. 69
Potential impacts of climate change on species richness in mountain
forests - an ecological risk assessment
Norbert KRAUCHI and Felix KIENAST 85
Vegetation shifts in Central Europe
Herbert SUKOPP and Angelika WURZEL .......................................................... 91
An experimental study on the impact ofw inter temperature on the
distribution of Euphorbia amygdaloides L. in Central Germany
Christian SCHULZ and Helge BRUELHEIDE. ...................................................... 121
Lianisation and Therophytation as complementary processes of
Laurophyllisation
Attila BORHIDI, T. MORSCHHAUSER and E. SALAMON-ALBER~ ................... 151
Evergreen broad-leaved vegetation in the Colchis (in German)
Georgi NAKHUTSRISHVILI ................................................................................ 167
On the Colkhic vegetation
Nugzar ZAZANASHVIL~ ....................................................................................... 181
Arealogical review ofColchic evergreen broad-leaved mesophyllous
dendroflora species
RevazGAGNIDZE 199
Vegetation and changing environment on Mt. Etna
Emilia POLl MARCHESE 217
Laurophyllisation in Ireland -the case of Rhododendronponticum
GerryDOYLr: ....................................................................................................... 237
The historical shift of evergreen broad-leaved forest in East China
Yongchang SONG (written contribution to the proceedingst ...................................... 253
Evergreen broad-leaved forests inJapan and Eastern North America :
vegetation shift under climatic warming
KazueFuJIWARA and Elgene O. Bo~ .............................................................. 273
Grassland -forest boundaries in Southern Brazil
Valerio de Patta PILLAR and Fernando QUADROS .......................................... 301
Laurophyllisation of deciduous Nothofagus-forests in Southern Chile
Dorothea FRANK and Manfred FINCKH (written contribution to the proceedings>...) 17
Workshops
Workshop I: Laurophyllisation in a global context ("Global Change") ........ )33
Workshop II: Research priorities in ecotonal areas from evergreen
broad-leaved to deciduous forests in Europe. .......................... }38
Workshop III: Importance of laurophyllisation for Swiss forest policy. ......... )41
Preface
When you arrive in the Ticino in winter, coming from the north, it is obviously
warmerthan the place you left, and also much greener. The presence of high
palm trees give an exotic touch to the gardens. If you look at the shrubs and
trees more closely, you realize that most of them are evergreen broad-leaved
species from southeastern USA and from eastern Asia.
This late winter scene is framed by snow-clad high mountains which overtop
lush-green lower valleys. However, the scene is not like that of the
Mediterranean in winter but reminds you more of the Japanese main island
Honshu or some forgotten valleys in the southern Alleghanies or western
Caucasus.
These associations proved very relevant to our discussions of the spreading of
evergreen broad-leaved plants in the Ticino and in similar areas - a process we
have been calling "Laurophyllisation" (laurophyll,laurineous cf. Stocker 1963,
laurel-like leaves, according to the definition in Kl5tzli 1988, excluding
sclerophyllous plants from the mediterranean type climate regions).
Obviously there have been warmer years in the past. However, the recent
warming has lasted longer than before and there is no evidence of such a
dramatic spread of laurophyllous species before our times.
Thus the spreading of laurophyllous ornamental garden species into the
surrounding forests appears to be a new process in our region.
Acknowledgements
The meeting took place at the Centro Stefano Franscini, Monte Verita, Ascona.
It was financed by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETII)Ztirich. We
would like to thank the responsible members of the ETH, especially Prof.
Hannes FIUhler, and the staff of the Centro Stefano Franscini, Mrs. Katia
Bastianelli and Brigitte Pichler, for their support in organising the meeting.
Special thanks go to State Councillor Dr. Marco Borradori, forest engineer Ivo
Ceschi, head forester of the canton of Ticino, and Dr. Benedetto Lepori, from
the university of the italian part of Switzerland, and Prof. Valerio Sala, director of
the Botanical Garden of the Brissago Islands. We also thank Dr. Aldo
Antonietti, vice-director of the Federal Office for Environment, Forest and
Landscape (BUWAL), who made the public presentation in the Palazzo
"Sopracenerina" in Locarno, made available to us by the Sopracenerina
corporation.
Our heartfelt thanks go especially to our colleagues of the DIONEA S.A.,
Locarno, for their support in organising the conference and the excursions in
particular, where we could enjoy the great hospitality of the Ticino. Special
thanks go to Mr. Sandro Canonica and his friends for their kind welcome in the
beautiful surrounding of their vineyard in Lamone where we could enjoy the
real "insubrian spirit" ...
We thank also the staff of the Geobotanical Institute involved in the
conference. First of all the head of the institute, Prof. Peter Edwards, for his
support in advance and during the conference, Mrs. Anne Pickhardt for her
skillful assistance in completing the proceedings and Mr. Kaspar Pflugshaupt
and Mr. Roger Stupf for their technical support in their compilation.
Weare pleased to present this book and hope that it will provide the reader
with an overview of recent findings and ongoing activities in the context of
recent shifts in vegetation boundaries of deciduous forests, especially due to
general global warming.
The editors
Frank Klotzli
Gian-Reto Walther
A winter picture of a Swiss forest rich in laurophyllous species
(Photo: G.-R. WALTHER)
List of participants
ANTONIETTI A., Dr.
Bundesamt fUr Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUW AL), CH-3003 Bern
BODMER H.C., Dr.
Dept. Wald-und Holzforschung, ETH ZUrich, CH-S092 Ziirich
BORHIDI A, Prof. Dr.
lnstitut of Ecology and Botany, H-2163 Vacdltot, Hungary
BRUELHEIDE H., PD Dr.
Systematisch-Geobotanisches Institut, Univiversity of Gottingen, D-37073 Gottingen
CARRARO G., Dipl. lng. for.
DIONEA SA, CH-6600 Locarno
CONEDERA M., Dr.
FNP Sottostazione Sud delle Alpi, CH-6501 Bellinzona
DOYLE G., Dr.
Faculty of Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
EDWARDS PJ., Prof. Dr.
Geobotanisches Institut ETH ZUrich, CH-S044 ZUrich
FUJIWARA K., Prof. Dr.
Institute of Environmental Science & Technology, Yokohama National University,
Yokohama, Japan
GAGNIDZE R., Prof. Dr.
Institute of Botany, Georgian Academy of Science, 3SOO7 Tbilisi, Georgia
GIANONI G., Dipl. lng. for.
DIONEA SA, CH-66oo Locarno
GRABNER S., Dr.
Institut flir Botanik, Universitiit Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck
HEISELMA YER P., Prof. Dr.
Institut flir Botanik, Universitiit Salzburg, A-S020 Salzburg
HOLDENRIEDER 0., Prof. Dr.
Dept. Wald-und Holzforschung, ETH Ziirich, CH-S092 Ziirich
HOBLE., Dr.
Botanisches lnstitut, Universitiit flir Bodenkultur, A-IISO Wien