Concurrent Air/Water and Steam/Water Flow Above a Perforated Plate.

180 Pages·2009·7.61 MB·English

NUREG/CR-1808
Countercurrent Air/Water and
Steam/Water Flow above a
Perforated Plate
Prepared by C. Hsieh, S. G. Bankoff, R. S. Tankin, M. C. Yuen
Department of Chemical Engineering
Northwestern University
Prepared for
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission
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NUREG/CR-1808
R1, R2, R4
Countercurrent Air/Water and
Steam/Water Flow above a
Perforated Plate
Manuscript Completed: October 1979
Date Published: November 1980
Prepared by
C. Hsieh, S. G. Bankoff, R. S. Tankin, M. C. Yuen
Department of Chemical Engineering
Northwestern University
Evanston, IL 60201
Prepared for
Division of Reactor Safety Research
Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, D.C. 20555
NRC FIN No. B6188

ABSTRACT
The perforated plate weeping phenomena have been studied
in both air/Water and steam/cold water systems. The air/water
experiment is designed to investigate the effect of geometric
factors of the perforated plate on the rate of weeping. A new
dimensionless flow rate in the form of H is suggested. The data
obtained are successfully correlated by this H scaling in the
conventional flooding equation.
The steam/cold water experiment is concentrated on locat-
ing the boundary between weeping and no weeping. The effects of
water subcooling, water inlet flow rate, and position of water
spray are investigated. Depending on the combination of these
factors, several ty-pes of weeping were observed. The data obtain-
ed at high water spray position can be related to the air/water
flooding correlation by replacing the steam flow rate to an
effective steam flow rate, which is determined by the mixing
efficiency above the plate.
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.TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Abstract. . . '"_
Table of Contents.......
. .. .. .. ... .... .. .. .. .. .... V
" Vii
List of Figures,............
" Xi
List of Tables..................
xiii
"
Nomenclature...................
Acknowledgements ................ "x vii
1 T 4+..- A.,-f+-4
2. Air/9-ater Experiment ............. .3
2.1 Technical Background ............ .3
2.2 Experimental Apparatus.......... .20
2.2.1 Test Channel .................. .20
2.2.2 Water.Line .20
2.2.3 Air Line...................... .24
2.2.4 Instrumentation............... .25
2.2.5 Computer Program.............. .26
2.3 Experimental Procedure .......... .28
3 Air/Water Experiment Data Analysis .30
3.1 Visual Observations............. .30
3.2 Correlation for Coefficient mi... .32
3.3 Correlatio for Coefficient C... 34
3.4 Effect of Liquid Inlet Rate..... 40 ..
3.5 Effect of Head of Liquid Pool above the Plate... .. 42
3.6 Effect of Liquid Inlet Position and Soft Volume ... 42
4 Steam/Cold Water Experiment...................... ... 44
4.1 Technical Background ........................... ... 44
4.2 Previous Works................................. .. 48
51
4.3 ExperimentalApparatus......................... .. •
••.51
4.3.1 Test Channel.............................
••.51
4.3.2 Water Line ...................................
V
4.3 * 3 Steam Iine ... 52
4.3.4 Instrumentation .... ...... . ...................... 53
4.3.5 Computer Program ..........................56
4.4 Experimental Procedure ............................. 58
5. Tesults and Discussion for Steam/Water Experiment...60
5.1 Water Inlet Spray Above The Pool ................... 60
5.1.1 15 Hole Data ........................ 61
5.1.2 Comparison between 15 Hole and 9 Hole Data.......65
5.1.3 DataCorrelation ........................
5.1.4 5(5A) Hole and 3(3A) Hole Data...,................72
5.2 Water Inlet Spray at the Plate............ ......... 78
5.3 Effect of Liquid Inlet Spray Position..............91
6. Conclusions and Suggestions ......................... 94
7. Reference...........................................96
Appendix I Computer Program List and Air/Water Reduced
Data ..................................... 104
Appendix II Computer Program List and Steam/Water Reduced
Data .... .................................. 11l5
vi
List of Figures PagE
Figure
1. Geometries of the Test Perforated Plate ........... 4
2. Perforated Plate Diagram .......................... 5
3. Perforated Plate Weep Point Correlation...........7
4. Oscillation Behavior of Perforated Plate..........9
5. Perforated Plate Weeping Models..................11
6. Schematic Diagram of Experimental Apparatus......21
7. Isometric Diagram of the Test Channel ............ 22
8. Piping of Pressure Measurement Device ............ 27
9. Data Correlation with Equation (12), w = D ...... 33
10. Data Correlation with Equation (23)...............35
11. ThedFunction Given by Equation (52)............. 38
12. Coefficient C in Equation (55) as a Function
of L .L.............................39
13. Data Correlation with Equation (55) .............. 41
14. Effect of Head of Liquid Pool on the Rate of
Weeping ........................................... 43
15. Block's "UniversalFlow Regime Map for Direct
Contact Condensation...........................45
16. The Flow Regime Map of Direct Contact Con-
densation for the PWR Annular Downcomer
Geometries . .............. .47
17. The Flow Regime Map of Direct Contact Con-
densation for Perforated Plate Geometries ........ 49
18. The Standard Piping Arrangement for steam venturi.55
19. Effect of Liquid Subcooling to the Weep Point,
h. = 305 mm, 15 hole data.......................62
in
20. Some Pictures of Continuous Weeping, hn = 305m. 63
21. Some Pictures of Oscillatory Weeping,
h. = 305 mm.............. 66
in
vii
22. Thermocouple Tll Readings at Weep Point ............ 67
23. Total Enthalpy Flux at Weep Point, 15 Hole and
9 Hole Data, hin = 305 mm ......................... 68
24. SuperficiaLl Steam Velocity through the Holes,
15 Hole and 9 Hole Data ........................ 70
25. Dimensionless Steam and Water Inlet Flow Rate
at Weep Point, 15 Hole and 9 Hole Data,
h in : 305 mm .................................... 73
26. Condensation Effect on Weep Point Correlation,
15 Hole and 9 Hole Data, hin = 305 mm.. .......... 74
27. Comparison of the Weep Point Data of 5 Hole,
5A Hole, 3 Hole, and 3A Hole Experiment Result•..75
28. Comparison of Superficial Steam Velocity through
Holes for 5 Hole, 5A Hole, 3 Hole, and 3A Hole
Data ................. 77
29. Dimensionless Steam and Water Inlet Flow Rate
at Weep Point, 5 Hole, 5A Hole, 3 Hole, and
3A Hole Data, hin = 305 mm.79
30. Condensation Effect on Weep Point Correlation,
5 Hole, 5A Hole, 3 Hole, and 3A Hole Data,
h = 305 mm.80
31. 15 Hole Weep Point Data Obtained at Low Water
Inlet Position....................................81
32. Some Pictures of Oscillatory Weeping,
hin = 5 mm ................ .......................... 82
33. Some Pictures of Stable No Weeping ............... 84
34. Some Pictures of Total Dumping...................86
35. A Picture after the Total Dumping.........87
36. Weep Point Data Taken at Tin = 12 0C and
hin 5m8
hin =• •m.........................................................89 •
viii