Concrete in the Service of Mankind Appropriate concrete technology

675 Pages·1996·9.3 MB·English

by  Ravindra Dhir

Concrete
In The Service Of Mankind
Appropriate Concrete Technology
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Appropriate Concrete Technology
Proceedings of the International Conference held at the University of
Dundee, Scotland, UK on 24–26 June 1996
Edited by
Ravindra K.Dhir
Director, Concrete Technology Unit
University of Dundee
and
Michael J.McCarthy
Lecturer, Concrete Technology Unit
University of Dundee

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First edition 1996
© 1996 E & FN Spon
ISBN 0-203-36239-X Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-37917-9 (Adobe e-Reader Format)
ISBN 0 419 21470 4 (Print Edition)
0 419 21500 X (Print Edition) (5 volume set)
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Printed on acid-free paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992
(Permanence of Paper)
The cover illustration shows the Glendevon Reservoir spillway, constructed using GGBS concrete.
Photograph courtesy Castle Cement Ltd.
PREFACE
Concrete is ubiquitous and unique. Indeed, there are no alternatives to concrete as a
volume construction material. This raises important questions of how concrete should be
designed and constructed for cost effective use in the short and long-term, and yet
encourage further radical development. Equally, it must also be environmentally-friendly
during manufacture and in its aesthetic presentation in structures.
The Concrete Technology Unit (CTU) of the University of Dundee has organised this
major 5 day International Congress, following the conferences, Protection of Concrete in
1990 and Concrete 2000: Economic and Durable Construction Though Excellence in
1993, as part of its continuing commitment to the development of excellence in concrete
construction.
The central theme of the Congress was Concrete in the Service of Mankind, under
which 5 self-contained conferences were organised; (i) Concrete for Environment
Enhancement, (ii) Concrete for Infrastructure and Utilities, (iii) Appropriate Concrete
Technology, (iv) Radical Concrete Technology and (v) Concrete Repair, Rehabilitation
and Protection. In total 350 papers were presented by authors from 70 countries
worldwide.
The Congress Opening Addresses were given by the Lord James Douglas-Hamilton
MP, Minister of State for the Construction Industry, Scotland and by Dr Ian J.Graham-
Bryce, Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Dundee. The Opening Papers
were presented by Emeritus Professors P.Kumar Metha and Ben C.Gerwick, University
of California, Berkeley, USA and Professor John Morris, University of Witwatersrand
and Mr Spencer S.Sephton, PPC Cement (pty), South Africa. The closing address was
given by Professor Peter C.Hewlett, Director of the British Board of Agrément, UK and
Visiting Industrial Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Dundee.
The Congress was supported by 14 major International Institutions together with 23
Sponsors and 50 Exhibitors, highlighting the importance of concrete and the close
cooperation between the CTU and industry.
A Congress of this size and scope was a major undertaking. The immense efforts of
the Organising, International Advisory and National Technical Committees, who advised
on the selection and review of papers is gratefully noted. The efforts of all the Authors
and Chairmen of the various Technical Sessions and, in particular, those who travelled
from afar to come to Dundee are greatly appreciated as are all the CTU staff and research
students for their sterling efforts in ensuring the smooth running of the Congress.
Particular thanks must be given to the two Congress joint Secretaries, Mr Neil
A.Henderson and Dr Michael J.McCarthy and the Unit Secretaries Mr Steven Scott and
Miss Diane Sherriff.
All the Proceedings have been prepared directly from the manuscripts provided by the
authors and, therefore, there may be some errors or inaccuracies that have been
inadvertently overlooked.
Ravindra K Dhir
Dundee
February 1996
INTRODUCTION
The specification of concrete has long been a major source of conflict between the
engineer, contractor and supplier. Much of this conflict stems from the increasing
litigious world in which modern construction takes place. Equally, it may arguably to be
due to the misunderstandings arising from what is the appropriate performance that will
be required from the materials used themselves and the structure manufactured.
To overcome this conflicting interest, there will have to be an evolutionary approach
away from the traditional method of specification and towards performance criteria. This
will also facilitate the formulation of integrated, harmonised international standards.
This transition will not be easy and it will almost certainly transfer responsibility for
some concrete material decisions to the supplier. It can only be hoped that total quality
management, which has done so much for the manufacturing sector, can also provide the
same degree of confidence to clients in concrete construction. Since most international
specifications bodies are, in principle, committed to this approach to specification by
performance, it is important that the implications of this are debated at a major forum
such as this international conference.
The versatility of concrete continues to be underlined through the development of new
binder technologies, alternative materials for reinforcement and novel design and
construction techniques, which continues apace.
The Proceeding of this Conference ‘Appropriate Concrete Technology’ deal with all
of these subject areas under six clearly identified themes: (i) Criteria for Appropriateness,
(ii) Implications of Harmonisation, (iii) Versatility of Concrete, (iv) Binder Technology,
(v) Non-Ferrous Reinforcement and (vi) Design and Construction. Each theme started
with a Leader Paper presented by the foremost exponents in their respective fields. In
total, 65 paper were presented during the 3 day International Conference and compiled
into these Proceedings.
Ravindra K Dhir
Michael J McCarthy
Dundee
February 1996
ORGANISING COMMITTEE
Concrete Technology Unit
Professor Ravindra K Dhir (Chairman)
Dr Michael J McCarthy (Joint Secretary)
Mr Neil A Henderson (Joint Secretary)
Professor Peter C Hewlett
Director, British Board of Agrément
Professor Vasilia K Rigopoulou
National Technical University of Athens
Professor Sammy Y N Chan
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Dr Nyok Y Ho
Director, L&M Structural Systems, Sinapore
Dr Frederick H Hubbard
Dr M Roderick Jones
Dr Mukesh C Limbachiya
Dr S L Daniel Ng
Dr Wenzhong Zhu
Mr Thomas D Dyer
Mr Steven R Scott (Unit Assistant)
Miss Diane H Sherriff (Unit Secretary)
INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY
COMMITTEE
Dr H Z Al-Abideen
Assistant Deputy Minister
Ministry of Public Works and Housing, Saudi Arabia
Professor M S Akman
Professor of Civil Engineering
Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Professor M G Alexanader
Professor of Civil Engineering
University of Cape Town, South Africa
Professor Carmen Andradé
Research Professor
Instituto Eduardo Tonoja of Construction Sciences, Spain
Mr J A Bickley
Implementation Manager
Concrete Canada, Canada
Professor J M J M Bijen
General Manager
Institute for Materials and Environmental Research, Netherlands
Professor A M Brandt
Head of Section
Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Poland
Mr J C Caballero
General Director
Instituto Del Cemento Portland, Argentina
Professor A Ceccotti
Fornitek Laboratory, Canada
Professor O E Gjørv
Professor, Division of Building Materials
Norwegian Institute of Technology, Norway
Professor T C Hansen
Professor of Building Materials
Technical University of Denmark
Dr G C Hoff
Senior Associate Engineer
Mobil Research & Development Corporation, USA
Professor S Y Huang
Director