Table Of ContentConcrete for the Modern Age
Concrete for the Modern Age
Developments in materials and processes
Proceedings of the 1st International ICT Conference
on Cement and Concrete Technology
held at
Military Technological College, Muscat, Sultanate Of Oman
20-22 November 2017
edited by
Dr Atef Badr
Head of Civil Engineering, MTC, Oman
Dr Charles Fentiman
Director, Cement and Concrete Science, UK
Professor Michael Grantham
Director, Concrete Solutions, UK
and
Raman Mangabhai
President of the Institute of Concrete Technology
and Director, Cement and Concrete Science, UK
Whittles Publishing
Published by
Whittles Publishing,
Dunbeath,
Caithness KW6 6EG,
Scotland, UK
www.whittlespublishing.com
© 2017 A. Badr, C. Fentiman, M. Grantham and R. Mangabhai
ISBN 978-184995-372-6
All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced,
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without prior permission of the publishers.
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any methods, instructions, ideas or materials contained within this book. All operations should be
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practice. Whilst the information and advice in this book is believed to be true and accurate at the time
of going to press, the authors and publisher accept no legal responsibility or
liability for errors or omissions that may have been made.
P
reface
Concrete is the most widely consumed man-made material in the world. Traditionally, Portland
cement has been manufactured using natural geomaterials (calcareous rocks such as chalk or
limestone and argillaceous rocks such clay or shale). The raw materials are becoming difficult to
access with demand for Portland cement increasing worldwide. In 2016, the Chinese production
was estimated as 2410 million tonnes with the world total at 3400 million tonnes.
The Gulf States have seen a boost in construction in recent years which has raised challenges
in the construction process due to availability of materials, the hot, harsh environment and the
size of projects.
Concrete for the Modern Age – Developments in Materials and Processes is the first in
a series of international conferences being organised by the UK-based Institute of Concrete
Technology (ICT). The ICT is a worldwide organisation formed to foster links and to promote
the interests of practising concrete technologists worldwide. This first conference is being
organised jointly with the Military Technological College (MTC) in Muscat Oman between the
20th and 22nd November 2017. The conference is being organised with the support of Concrete
Solutions and Cement and Concrete Science, who have organised numerous very successful
international conferences over many years. The aim of the conference is to bring together the
best practice and most recent developments in concrete technology and to encourage worldwide
networking between participants.
The conference was opened by the Oman Government Minister, followed by an address
from Dr Atef Badr, Head of Civil Engineering at MTC, Royal Airforce Commander/Matar bin
Ali bin Matar Al-Obaidani, Chairman of MTC Board of Directors, Professor Eugene Coyle,
Dean MTC, Professor Michael Grantham, Past President of ICT and Raman Mangabhai,
President of ICT.
The Proceedings for the Conference: Concrete for the Modern Age – Developments
in Materials and Processes deals with issues in seven themes, namely (i) Hydration and
admixtures, (ii) Application related, (iii) Durability, (iv) Special cements and supplementary
materials, (v) Sustainability, (vi) Fibre reinforced concrete and (vii) Durable construction
in the Middle East. There are several commercial papers included on pertinent topics, to
stimulate discussion.
This peer-reviewed book is an essential reference work for those working in the concrete
technology field, from Engineers to Academics and from Students to Clients.
The Editors would like to thank all Sponsors, Exhibitors and Advertisers, as without their
assistance the Conference would not have been possible.
We wish to thank the international scientific committee for reviewing the papers and the
Institute of Concrete Technology, the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining, the Concrete
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Concrete for the Modern Age – developments in materials and processes
Society, the Oman Society of Engineers and The University of Leeds for their support for the
event.
Special thanks go to the MTC for hosting the event and their local organising committee
for their help.
Finally, but certainly not least, the Editors would like to extend their particular thanks to
Keith Whittles of Whittles Publishing and his team for all their hard work in the production of
these proceedings.
The Editors hope that readers of these Proceedings find the volume topical and useful in
their work and hope that it stimulates further work on this interesting and useful material.
Atef Bader, MTC, Oman
Michael Grantham, Concrete Solutions
Charles Fentiman, Cement and Concrete Science
Raman Mangabhai, Cement and Concrete Science and the ICT
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O c
rganising Ommittee
DR ATEF BADR, MILITARy TECHNOLOGICAL COLLEGE, SULTANATE OF OMAN.
Dr Atef Badr is a Chartered Engineer (CEng) and an academic manager with a strong international
outlook. He is Head of the Civil Engineering Department at the Military Technological College
(MTC, Oman) and has more than 25 years experience in concrete research and provision of
higher education in the UK and overseas. He had led several international higher education
collaborations between UK universities and international partners in Oman, UAE and Kazakhstan.
He also worked on campus at several UK universities, including Bolton, Bradford, UClan and
Nottingham. Dr Badr is a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (FHEA) and full member of
the Institution of Civil Engineers (MICE). He was a Senior Scientist at TRL (Transport Research
Laboratory), UK. His key research includes improving the sustainability and environmental
impact of concrete and optimizing energy generation, utilization and efficiency in buildings.
PROFESSOR MICHAEL GRANTHAM, CONCRETE SOLUTIONS, UK.
Professor Michael Grantham is a Chartered Chemist and Fellow of both the Royal Society of
Chemistry and the Institute of Concrete Technology, of which he is the immediate past President.
He has worked for many years in the field of NDT and concrete repair and has authored or co-
authored a number of books on both subjects. He is a visiting professor at Leeds University
where he works with Professor Muhamned Basheer on the MSc in Advanced Concrete
Technology. Michael is also the chair and organiser of the well known Concrete Solutions series
of international conferences on concrete repair. He works as a consultant to Sandberg LLP in
London who have over 150 years experience in testing of structures and materials. Mike is also
the Editor in Chief of Elsevier’s open access journal Case Studies in Construction Materials.
DR CHARLES FENITMAN, CEMENT AND CONCRETE SCIENCE, UK.
Dr Charles Fentiman is a Chartered Engineer (CEng) with a background in Technical Management
and R&D management for major companies, such as Lafarge and Redland. In addition to Portland
cement products he has extensive experience of special cements, including Calcium Aluminates.
A Fellow of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) he is past Chairman of the
Cement & Concrete Group and has served on the Council of the Ceramics Society. Along with
Raman Mangabhai he has organized several events related to cement and concrete, including the
Conferences on Calcium Aluminate Cements in Avignon, France in 2008 and 2014. He also has
his own consulting business related to sustainable cementitious construction materials, especially
those related to greening cities, such as products for green infrastructure.
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Concrete for the Modern Age – developments in materials and processes
RAMAN MANGABHAI, CEMENT AND CONCRETE SCIENCE AND THE INSTITUTE
OF CONCRETE TECHNOLOGy, UK.
Raman Mangabhai graduated in applied chemistry from Salford University in 1978. He held
research positions at Salford University, King’s College London and Queen Mary and Westfield
College working on polymer modified cements, cement grouts, and permeability of concrete.
He has industrial experience at Kvaerner Technology, Cementation Foundations Skanska
and Flexcrete Technologies Ltd. working on cementitious materials and instrumentation in
the construction industry. He has organised conferences on calcium aluminate cements and
edited conference proceedings with Dr Charles Fentiman. He has organised conferences on
cementitious materials with the Society of Chemical Industry (SCI), the Institute of Materials,
Minerals and Mining (IOM3) and The Institute of Concrete Technology (ICT). He formed
Cement and Concrete Science with Dr Charles Fentiman in 2002 to organise conferences on
cement and concrete. He was a committee member for the UKIERI concrete congress in 2013
and 2015 and active member of the organising committee for the Concrete Congress, University
of Dundee 2012 and 2015. He is an active member of SCI Construction Materials Group and
was Honorary Secretary for 10 years and a member of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and
Mining. He is currently President, Council Member and Chairman of Events and Marketing
of The Institute of Concrete Technology (ICT). He is a Royal Society of Chemistry Chartered
Chemist and Fellow of IOM3.
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t i c t
he nstitute Of Oncrete echnOlOgy
The Institute of Concrete Technology is the concrete sector’s professional
development body. It was formed in 1972 and aims to promote concrete
technology as a recognized engineering discipline and consolidate the
professional status of practising concrete technologists worldwide. Full
membership is open to all those who have obtained the ICT’s Diploma or
equivalent MSc in Advanced Concrete Technology. An alternative route
exists for those with equivalent experience and qualifications. However there are various grades
of membership from Student upwards that reflect a candidate’s experience and competency.
Graded membership is to encourage participation from concrete technologists from an early
stage in their career. The Institute is internationally recognised and the Diploma has worldwide
acceptance as the leading industry qualification in concrete technology. The Institute sets high
educational standards and requires its members to abide by a Code of Professional Conduct. The
Institute is also a Professional Affiliate of the Engineering Council and facilitates the registration
of candidates as Chartered or Incorporated Engineers.
http://theict.org.uk
m t c
ilitary echnOlOgical Ollege
The creation of the Military Technological College (MTC) presents a
wonderful opportunity for young Omani school graduates to embark
on a first rate career in engineering and to contribute to His Majesty’s
Services as expert technologists at this most exciting time with advanced
technological developments of Oman’s infrastructure.
The vision of MTC is to be internationally positioned amongst the best all-service providers
of academic and technological education along with military training. MTC aims to deliver
undergraduate and post-graduate engineering programmes in a well-equipped and high-quality
learning and training environment.
The Department of Civil Engineering & Quantity Surveying (CE&QS) focuses on
thinking innovatively to address global issues while being extremely active in serving the local
environment and culture of Oman. The CE&QS department aims to produce Civil Engineers,
Construction Managers and Quantity Surveyors for forthcoming decades who can generate new
ideas, technologies, methods, products and services.
https://www.mtc.edu.om/en/
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