Concise Encyclopedia of Bioresource Technology

789 Pages·2008·16.09 MB·English

Ashok Pandey, PhD
Editor
Concise Encyclopedia
of Bioresource Technology
Pre-publication “Thisencyclopediacontains,with-
REVIEWS, out a doubt, some outstanding
COMMENTARIES, short reviews of topics of immediate
EVALUATIONS... relevancetotheimmensefieldofbio-
technology.Currentviewsonenviron-
mental,food,andindustrialbiotechnol-
“The broad spectrum of contribu-
ogyareexposedanddiscussed.Theuse
tors,mostofthemfromAfrica,
ofmicroorganismsforwastewatertreat-
Asia,Australia,Europe,andLatinAmer-
mentisconsidered.Inaddition,exten-
ica,distinguishesthisencyclopediafrom
sivefermentationsystemsaredescribed
similar works, giving a fresh view on
manytopics.Thesectionsonenviron- forawidevarietyofusesincludingen-
mentalbiotechnology,foodbiotechnol- zyme,alcohol,orsecondarymetabolite
ogy, and solid substrate fermentation production.Thisbookrepresentsanat-
are most valuable, since they contain tractive source of information for re-
informationnotreadilyavailableinother searchersandstudentsinvolvedinthe
similarpublications.” areaofbiotechnology.”
RobertP.Tengerdy,PhD ChristopherAugur,PhD
ProfessorEmeritus, ResearchDirector,
DepartmentofMicrobiology, InstituteforResearch
ColoradoStateUniversity andDevelopment,France
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Concise Encyclopedia
of Bioresource Technology
FOOD PRODUCTS PRESS®
Crop Science
Amarjit S. Basra, PhD
Senior Editor
Heterosis and Hybrid Seed Production in Agronomic Cropsedited by Amarjit S. Basra
Intensive Cropping: Efficient Use of Water, Nutrients, and Tillageby S. S. Prihar,
P. R. Gajri, D. K. Benbi, and V. K. Arora
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A. Slafer
Plant Growth Regulators in Agriculture and Horticulture: Their Role and Commercial Uses
edited by Amarjit S. Basra
Crop Responses and Adaptations to Temperature Stressedited by Amarjit S. Basra
Plant Viruses As Molecular Pathogensby Jawaid A. Khan and Jeanne Dijkstra
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edited by Gustavo A. Slafer, José Luis Molina-Cano, Roxana Savin, José Luis Araus,
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Tillage for Sustainable Croppingby P. R. Gajri, V. K. Arora, and S. S. Prihar
Bacterial Disease Resistance in Plants: Molecular Biology and Biotechnological Applications
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Handbook of Formulas and Software for Plant Geneticists and Breedersedited by Manjit
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Postharvest Oxidative Stress in Horticultural Cropsedited by D. M. Hodges
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The Lowland Maya Area: Three Millennia at the Human-Wildland Interfaceedited
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Molecular Genetics and Breeding of Forest Treesedited by Sandeep Kumar and Matthias
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Testing of Genetically Modified Organisms in Foodsedited by Farid E. Ahmed
Concise Encyclopedia of Bioresource Technologyedited by Ashok Pandey
Agrometeorology: Principles and Applications of Climate Studies in Agricultureby Aarpal
S. Mavi and Graeme J. Tupper
Concise Encyclopedia
of Bioresource Technology
Ashok Pandey, PhD
Editor
Food Products Press®
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Concise encyclopedia of bioresource technology / Ashok Pandey, editor.
p. cm.
ISBN 1-56022-980-2 (hard : alk. paper)
1. Biotechnology—Encyclopedias. I. Pandey, Ashok.
TP248.16.C65 2004
660.6'03—dc21
2003011486
CONTENTS
Figures xxv
Tables xxix
About the Editor xxxiii
Contributors xxxv
Foreword il
R. A. Mashelkar
Preface li
PART I: ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Advances in Biological Wastewater Treatment 3
Veeriah Jegatheesan
C. Visvanathan
R. Ben Aïm
Introduction 3
Conventional Biological Wastewater Treatment 5
Advanced Wastewater Treatment 7
Nutrients in Wastewater 8
Conclusions 11
Anaerobic Animal-Waste Environments:Salmonella
Species Ecology 13
Steven C. Ricke
Introduction 13
SalmonellaPhysiology in the Anaerobic Waste Environment 13
SalmonellaPathogenicity in the Waste Environment 15
Conclusions 17
Biobeneficiation 19
Valentina Umrania
A. D. Agate
Introduction 19
Possible Mechanisms 19
The Practice 21
Conclusions 22
Biodegradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons 23
Rodolfo Canet-Castello
Joseph M. Lopez-Real
Angus J. Beck
Introduction 23
Biodegradation of PAHsby Aerobic Bacteria 24
Biodegradation of PAHsby Anaerobic Bacteria 25
Biodegradation of PAHsby Fungi 27
Biodegradation of PAHs by Algae 28
Conclusions 28
Biofiltration 31
Eldon R. Rene
D. Arulneyam
T. Swaminathan
Introduction 31
History of Biofiltration 32
Process Description 32
Mechanism of Biofiltration 33
Microbial Aspects of Biofiltration 34
Biofilter Media 35
Characteristics of an “Ideal” Biofilter 36
Performance Parameters 37
Advantages and Disadvantages of Biofiltration 38
Commercial Application of Biofilters 39
Conclusions 39
Biological Control of Air Pollution 41
S. N. Upadhyay
V. Kumar
Introduction 41
Process Description 42
Process Modeling and Design 48
Operation and Maintenance 48
Conclusions 51
Biomethanogenesis 53
Dalel Singh
Poonam Nigam Singh
Introduction 53
Biomethanation Plants and Digestors 54
Substrates for Biogas Production 56
Microbiology of Biomethanation 58
Biochemistry of Methane Synthesis 60
Conclusions 62
Bioremediation 63
Wan Azlina Ahmad
Zainul Akmar Zakaria
Introduction 63
Bioremediation Methods 64
Applications of Bioremediation 66
Features of Bioremediation 68
Bioremediation—Success Stories 69
Conclusions 69
Methods for the Biological Treatment of Wastewater 71
Biological Reactors 71
P. K. Mishra
B. N. Rai
S. N. Upadhyay
Principles of Biological Treatment 71
Reaction Kinetics 74
Bioreactors for Wastewater Treatment 76
Conclusions 80
Membrane Bioreactor 82
C. Visvanathan
R. Ben Aïm
Introduction 82
Membrane Bioreactor Systems 83
Conclusions 91