Concise dictionary of pharmacological agents: properties and synonyms

359 Pages·1999·25.23 MB·English

by  Dr. Ian Morton

Concise Dictionary of
Pharmacological Agents
Properties and Synonyms
by
IanK.M. Morton
King'sCollege,
London,UnitedKingdom
and
Judith M. Hall
UniversityofSurrey,
Guildford,Surrey,United Kingdom
....
"
KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS
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Introduction
The purposeofthis dictionary is to provide aconvenientand affordable personaldesk reference
resource. The authors, who have manyyearsexperience in pharmacologicalresearch, teachingand
editing, recognized aneed for asingle up-to-date volume encompassingmaterial that hithertocould
begathered onlyfrom awell-stocked library.This bookcomprisestwo mainsections: an A-Z listing
ofdrugs and their properties; and adescriptive glossaryoftechnical terms. The level andscope of
thisreference material will make itessential for pharmacologistsand medicinalchemists, from the
graduatestudentto established worker.Itshould also bevaluable to workersin allied biomedical
disciplines.such as biochemistryand physiology. medicalstudents and sciencewritersand editors.
Scope
Thedictionaryiscentred on pharmacologicallyactiveagents.Workers in drug-related disciplines
need to correctlyidentify individual agents from an arsenal ofpharmacologicallyactivecompounds.
each with anumberofalternativedrug namesaccordingto the countryornamingconvention.
The A-ZSectioncontainsdetailsofindividualdrugstogetherwith theiralternative names (some
10.000in all).classified into families according to mechanism and use. These families are thesubject
ofdescriptivearticles (see below). Some ofthe drugs detailed here were developed for use in
therapeutics. includingmost ofthose currently in clinical use (especiallyin the UKand USA),
togetherwith manyformerly used in medicine,and some featuring in drug development
programmes.Also listed are numerousagents- not themselvesoftherapeuticvalue- but important
aspharmacologicaltools in the analysisofreceptorrecognition mechanismsand physiological or
biochemicalprocesses.Manycompoundslisted are ofnatural origin. includingplantoranimal
alkaloids, antibioticsand toxins orvenoms thatcan be used as'chemicalscalpels'in the analysisof
mechanisms.
TheGlossaryisastraightforward alphabetical referencesource. explainingthe meaningofsome
3,000 biomedical terms. Researchersand writersin biomedicalscienceneed.at times. to understand
the precise and accurate meaningofsometimesarcane terms. Collected here aredefinitionsfrom
pharmacology. biochemistry. molecular biology. immunology. pathology. physiology.anatomyand
microbiology.We have given rather more explanation for terms that cancauseconfusion. for
example.certain terms relating to drug receptors and to mediators. includingautacoids. hormones
and neurotransmitters.The rapidlyevolvingareaofmolecular biology isalso covered.
How to use this book
The A-ZSection lists both namesand familiesofpharmacologicallyactiveagents. Ofthe 10.000
cross-referenced namesofthese agents. about 4.000entriesareshortdescriptionsofthe properties
and uses ofagents under their main genericdrug names.Where available. all officialnamesare
given.Main articlesare listed alphabetically under BritishApprovedNames [BAN]. with UnitedStates
AdoptedName [USAN].JapaneseAcceptedName [JAN] and InternationalNon-proprietaryName [INN]
also provided in brackets. Some types ofagents. mainlypesticides. also havecertain otherstandard
namesquoted. including AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute [ANSI]. BritishStandardsInstitution
[BSI] and InternationalStandards Organization [ISOJ. Individualagent'sentriesalso give the main
alternative names. alternativespellings.abbreviations.chemical names.alternativechemical forms.
Introduction
viii
companycodes and main British and American proprietarynames that are in current use.All name
variantsarecross-indexed (in boldtype) to the main entries.Thespellingofcommon medicaland
scientificterms is inBritish English rather thanAmerican English: thus oestrogen, notestrogen;
haemoglobin, not hemoglobin; sulphonamide, notsulfonamide.This book providesamuch-needed
biologicalcompanion to encyclopaedicdatabase references,such as the MerckIndexand the
DictionaryofPharmacologicalAgents,whichextensivelydetail full chemical namesand much other
chemicalmaterial.It might be noted that the classification ofdrugs into families correspondsfairly
closelyto the latter ofthese books (the pharmacologyofwhich was also ourresponsibility).
Drugfamilyarticles form the othercomponent ofthe A-Z Section. Groupingsofagentsare
described insome 300short articles, each with references to further reading. Familygrouping is by
mechanism (e.g. l3-adrenoceptorantagonists) aswell as byclinical application (e.g. antihypertensive
agents); thesecross-referencesare in BOLDSMALLCAPS.
TheGlossary (Appendix A) containsnearly 3,000technical termsand acronyms, with coverage of
mostareas that are related to drug discovery,extendingto trials and licensing.There is an emphasis
on thespecialized nomenclature ofmaterial related to drug receptorsand molecular biology.
Appendix Bcomprisesthree tables: amino acid abbreviations (common natural), amino acid
abbreviations (found in literature - related and unnatural) and Greek and Latin multiplicative
prefixes.
This isthe first edition ofthe work. The authorswelcome (via the publishers) allcriticisms,
correctionsand suggestions for material that might becovered in subsequent editions.
IKMM &]MH
King's College London
& UniversityofSurrey
Contents
Introduction vii
A-Z Section 1
A 301 - Azulfidine™ 2
A 301 - AN1 2
AN 448 - Antileishmanial Agents 17
Antileprotic Agents - Azulfidine™ .. 32
B 306 - BZQ 45
C6 - Cytoxan™ 59
C6 - CEENUTM 59
Cefacetrile - Clidanac 69
Climaval™ - Cytoxan™ 79
D 138 - Dytide™ 90
'E' - EXPECTORANTS 107
F2207 - FX 703 118
G/18 - Gynol™ 127
H 33 - Hytrin BPH™ . 138
1612 - Ivermectin 149
JB 11 - Kytril™ 158
3123L - Lyxoascorbic Acid 160
M 99 - Mytelase™ 171
N 0774 - Nytol™ 188
Obidoxime Chloride - Ozagrel 206
IThispagehasbeenreformattedbyKnoveltoprovideeasiernavigation.I V
vi Contents
P2S - PYY . 213
P2S - Picenadol Hydrochloride . 213
Picloxydine - Progynova™ . 222
Proheptazine - PYY . 233
Qinghaosu - Quipazine Maleate . 243
R200 - Rythmodan™ . 244
S 46 - Syscor™ . 251
T3 - Tyzine™ 267
U4191 - UTP 284
Vadocaine - Vumon™ . 287
W 108 - Zyprexa . 293
Appendices . 297
Appendix A. (Glossary) . 297
A - CSF . 298
CSF-1 - Infarction . 307
Infection - Neurogenic . 319
Neurogenic inflammation - Zwitterion . 326
Appendix B. (Tables) . 341
IThispagehasbeenreformattedbyKnoveltoprovideeasiernavigation.I

SeealsoLUTEOLYTICAGENTS.
Petrie,R.H.etal(1981)Maternalandfetaleffectsofuterinestimulantsand
relaxants.Dlagn.GynecoJ.Obstet..3.111-117.
Silvestre.L.etal(I990)Voluntaryinterruptionofpregnancywithmifepristone
(RU486)andaprostaglandinanalogue.Alarge-scaleFrenchexperienceN.Engl.
].Moo..322.645-648.
Baulieu,E.E.(1995)Thecombineduseofprostaglandinandantiprogestinin
humanfertilitycontrol.Adv.Prostaglandin.Thromboxane.Leukol.Res..23.55-62.
ABT077 - zileuton.
acadesine [BAN, INN) (GP 1-110) is a purine nucleoside
analogue. It accumulates in the culture medium of E. coli
underSULPHONAMIDEstasis.and ismanufactured byBacillus
pumilusand Bacillussubtilis. Itis beinginvestigated for the
A 301 - norgestrienone. management of myocardial ischaemia (it may act by
A 2774 - delprostenate. influencingischaemiccells to releaseadenosine.which has
A 3665 - trefentanil. beneficialactionsasaPLATELETAGGREGATIONINHIBITOR) and
A 4492 - pentamorphone. alsoanANTIARRHYTHMICAGENT(withCARDIACDEPRESSANTand
A 4828 - trofosfamide. VASODILATORACTIONS).
A 4942 - ifosfamide. acamprosate [BAN,INN) isrelatedtotaurineandisaGABA
A 5610 - azelastine. RECEPTORAGONISTandPSYCHOTROPICAGENT. Ithasbeenused
A 8103 - pipobroman. inthetreatmentofalcoholism.
A 33547 - remoxipride. acarbose [BAN,INN,USAN) (Bay9 5421; a-GHI: GlucobayTM)
A 46745 - gestrinone. isanoligosaccharideisolatedfromthemicroorganismsofthe
A 71623 isasubstitutedpentapeptidestructure.aselective Actinoplanes sp. It is an ENZYME INHIBITOR potently active
(CCKA-subtype)CHOLECYSTOKININRECEPTORAGONIST.Itisan against a-glucosidases and saccharases (a 'starch blocker');
APPETITESUPPRESSANTwithloworalbioavailability,andis andtherebydelaysconversionin the intestineofstarchand
usedasapharmacologicaltool. sucrosetoglucose.soslowsitssubsequentabsorption.Itcan
AA149 - trepibutone. be used as an ANTIDIABETICAGENT, usuallyas an adjunct to
AA673 - amlexanox. (sulphonylurea or biguanides) oral HYPOGLYCAEMICS in the
AA861 - docebenone. treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
AB1404 - ethchlorovynoI. (NIDDM). Itcan also be used in ANTlHVPERLIPIDAEMICand
Abbokinase™ - saruplase;urokinase. obesitytreatment.
Abbott41070 - gonadotrophin-releasinghormone. ACARICIDES arechemicalsusedtokillticksandmites.
Abbott43818 -Ieuprorelin. TicksbelongtoanorderofthearthropodscalledAcarina,
Abbott44090 - valproicacid. whichalsocontainsthemites;andchemicalsusedagainstthe
Abbott47631 - estazolam. lattermaybereferredtoasSCABICIDALagents(ormiticidesin
abciximab [BAN,USAN) (CentoRx™:ReoProTM) isa USA).Sometickstransmitotherdiseases (inclUdingLyme
monoclonalantibody,apurified47.615daltonFabfragment disease,typhusandRockyMountainspottedfever).butthey
manufacturedinmammaliancelIculture.Thisantibody maythemselvescauselocalirritation(e.g.inscabiescaused
bindstotheglycoproteinlIb/lIla (GPlIb/lIla) receptors, byitch-mitesSarcoptesscabiel).andsometimesseriousskin
membersoftheintegrinfamilyofadhesionreceptors.and lesionsandmoregeneraltoxicmanifestations.scabicidal
themajorplateletsurfacereceptorinvolvedinplatelet drugsareusedtokillthemitesthatcausescabies,inwhich
aggregationofhumanplatelets.Actingthroughthis thefemalemitetunnelsintothetopsurfaceoftheskinin
mechanism.itisaPLATELETAGGREGATIONINHIBITOR.andcan ordertolayeggs.causingsevereirritationasshedoesso.
beusedparenterallyasanANTiTHROMBOTICAGENT(asan Newlyhatchedmites.whichalsocauseirritationwiththeir
adjuncttoheparinandaspirin).especiallyfortheprevention secretions.thenpasseasilyfrompersontopersonbydirect
andtreatmentofacutearterialocclusivedisorders.including contact;soeverymemberofaninfectedhouseholdshould
preventionofischaemiccomplicationsinhigh-riskpatients betreated.andclothingandbeddingshouldalsobe
undergoingpercutaneoustransluminalcoronaryangioplasty. disinfected.Treatmentisusuallywithlocalapplicationsofa
ablukast [INN,USAN) (ablukastsodium [USAN)) isa creamtokiIlthemites.butsomeagentscanbeirritantor
benzopyranderivative.a (LTC,) LEUKOTRIENERECEPTOR havetoxicmanifestations;furtherresistancetomanyofthese
ANTAGONISTwithpotentialasanANTiASTHMATICAGENT. agentshasdevelopedinmanyticksandmites.Acaricidesthat
ablukastsodium - ablukast. can,orhavebeenused,includethehalogenatedhydro
AC - ethotoin. carbons(e.g.dieldrinandlindane).organophosphorus
AC 187 (acetyl-[AsnJO,Tyr32)-salmoncalcitonins.nl isan compounds(e.g.malathion),carbamates(e.g:carbaryl),
AMYLINRECEPTORANTAGONISTthatinhibitsseveralmetabolic pyrethroids(e.g.permethrin,phenothrin).andanumber
actionsofamylin. ofothersubstances.includingbenzylbenzoate.crotamiton
AC 223 - melinamide. andmonosulfiram.Someoftheseagentsarealsousedas
ABORTIFACIENTS aredrugsusedtoinduceabortionor pediculicidaltreatmentsagainstlice.
miscarriage.Anumberoftypesofdrughavebeenused.but Solomon.L.M.etal.(1977)Gammabenzenehexachloridetoxicity:areview.
commonlythePROGESTOGENantagonistmifepristoneisused Arch.DennaroJ.113.353-357.
(orally) and/ortheprostaglandingemeprostor Kunz.S.E.etal.(1994)Insecticidesandacaricldes:resistanceandenvironmental
impact.Rev.Sci.Tech.13.1249-1286.
dinoprostone (bytheextra-amnioticroute) (seePROSTANOID
Brown.S.etal.(1995)Treatmentofectoparasiticinfections:reviewofthe
RECEPTORAGONISTS).Awidevarietyofthesyntheticor English-languageliterature,1982-1992.elin.Infect.Dis.20SuppJJ.S104·9.
naturalagents.e.g.quinine.urea,ergotalkaloids,including acceleratorglobulin - factorV.
ergotmetrine.andcertainmicrobialtoxins.maycause Accolate™ - zafirlukast.
abortion(dependingondoseandrouteofadministration). AccuprjJTM - quinapril.
SMALLCAPS~drugfamilies(bymechanismorapplication) bold~Individualagents italic~LatinorGreekopticalisomers:emphasis
acetylcysteine 3
Accupro™ • quinapril. seriouspainandinflammationinrheumaticdiseaseand
AccuSite™ • adrenaline;fluorouracil. othermusculoskeletaldisorders.
Accutane™ • isotretinoin. acenocoumarol • nicoumalone.
acebutolol [BAN.INN.USAN) (acebutololhydrochloride acetaminophen • paracetamol.
[JAN); Secadrex™; Sectral™) isa~ADRENOCEPTOR acetarsol [INN) isapentavalentorganicarsenical,an
ANTAGONISTshowingBI-selectivityandsomeintrinsicBI antisyphiliticandANTIPROTOZOALusedinveterinarypractice.
partialagonistactivity,whichisrelativelylipophilic.Itcanbe acetazolamide [BAN,INN,JAN,USAN) (acetazolamide
usedtherapeuticallyasanANTIANGINAL,ANTIARRHYTHMIC. sodium [USAN): Diamox™)isathiadiazolesulphonamide
andANTIHYPERTENSIVE,andinANTiGLAUCOMATREATMENT. derivativewithpotentCARBONICANHYDRASEINHIBITOR
acebutolol hydrochloride • acebutolol. activity.Clinically,itisusedforANTIGLAUCOMATREATMENT.It
aceclidine [INN,USAN) isanacetoxyquinuclidineanalogue, isaweakDIURETIC.Itcanbeusedtotreatmountainsickness.
aMUSCARINICCHOLINOCEPTORAGONISTandhasbeenusedin acetazolamidesodium • acetazolamide.
ANTIGLAUCOMATREATMENT. acethydroximicacid • acetohydroxamicacid.
acedapsone [BAN,INN,USAN) isasuiphonewith acetohexamide [BAN,INN,JAN,USAN) (Dimelor™) isoneof
ANTIMALARIALandANTILEPROTICactivity. thesulphonylurea(oral) HYPOGLYCAEMICS.Itcanbeusedas
aceglutamide [INN,JAN) (acetylglutamine) hasbeengiven anANTIDIABETICinnon-insulin-dependentdiabetesmeIlitus
asapsychostimulantandNOOTROPICAGENTinanattemptto (NIDDM).Itsactivemetaboliteishydroxyhexamide.
improvememoryandconcentration. acetohydroxamicacid [INN,USAN) (N-acetyl
aceglutamidealuminium [JAN,USAN) (KW110) isan hydroxylamine; N-hydroxyacetamide; acethydroximicacid;
Al(III)complex,anANTiULCEROGENICAGENTandgastric lithostat'M) isaUREASEINHIBITOR.reversiblyactingon
cytoprotectant. bacterialformsoftheenzymepreventingformationof
ACE INHIBITORS(angiotensin-convertingenzyme ammoniafromurea.Itisusedinadjunctivetherapyin
inhibitors) actbyinhibitingtheenzymeEC3.4.15.1. chronicurease-splittingurinarytractinfection.
variouslyknownasangiotensin-convertingenzyme(ACE). acetomenadione • acetomenaphthone.
kininaseII.dipeptidylpeptidaseA.Thispeptidase.foundin acetomenaphthone [BAN) (acetomenadione;menadiol
vascularendothelialcellsandplasma.converts.by diacetate; vitaminK.diacetate) isanaphthoquinone,a
carboxyterminaldipeptidylcleavage.thecirculatingvascular diacetatesaltofmenadiol.asyntheticVITAMINandan
hormoneangiotensinfromitsinactivedecapeptideform analogueofvitaminK.ItcanbeusedasaHAEMOSTATIC
angiotensinI.totheactiveoctapeptideform.angiotensin prothrombogenicagenttotreathaemorrhagicstatesincases
II.SinceangiotensinIIisaverypotentvasoconstrictor,the ofdeficiency.ItalsohasVASODILATORproperties.
effectofACEinhibitorsistocausevasodilatationwithan acetomorphin • diamorphine.
overallhypotensiveeffect.Suchdrugscanbeusedas acetonide • desonide.
ANTIHYPERTENSIVES,andalsoinHEARTFAIWRETREATMENT. p-acetophenetidide • phenacetin.
However,drugsofthisclasshaveanumberofside-effects(in acetophetidin • phenacetin.
particularanirritatingcough),someofwhichcanbe acetorphan [INN,USAN) (Tiorfan™) isamercapto-glycine
attributedtothefactthatACEinhibitorsnecessarilyprolong derivative,aprodrugofthiorphan,aNEUTRALENDOPEPTI
thedurationofactionof,andsopotentiate,bradykinin. DASEINHIBITOR('enkephalinase'inhibitor).Ithasbeenused
Thissensorynerveactivatorandhypotensivehormoneis asanANALGESICinhumans,andasanANTiDIARRHOEAL.The
degradedtoaninactivedipeptidylcleavageproductbythe (5)-formisecadotril,the (R)-formisdexecadotril [INN),and
sameenzyme(inthekinincontextcommonlyreferredtoas theracemicformisracecadotril [INN).
kininaseII). acetorphine [BAN,INN) (M183; NIH8074; UM501) isa
ACEinhibitordrugsweredevelopedbymodelling derivativeofetorphineandmemberofthethebaineseries.It
interactionwiththeactivesiteoftheenzymeofasnake isanOPIOIDRECEPTORAGONISTpotentasanOPIOIDANALGESIC.
venom-derivedbradykinin-potentiatingpeptide,andfrom acetosulfonesodium [USAN) (sulfadiasulfonesodium
thisthenecessarystructureofnon-peptideinhibitorswas [INN)) isaSULPHONAMIDEwithANTIBACTERIALactivity.
inferred.ThefirstsuchACEinhibitorusedmedicinallywas acetoxyprogesterone • hydroxyprogesterone.
captopril.Laterexamplesinclinicaluseinclude:cilazapril, N-acetyl-2-benzyltryptamine • luzindole.
enalapril,fosinopril.lisinopril,perindopril,quinapril, acetylcholine • acetylcholinechloride.
ramipril,trandolapril.SeveralACEinhibitorsarenow acetylcholinechloride [BAN,INN,USAN) (acetylcholine;
administeredclinicallyasprodrugs- whichhavegood Miochol™) isaquaternaryammoniumcholineester.
bioavailability,butareinactiveintheirownright.Theyare Acetylcholineitselfoccursendogenouslyincholinergic
thenconvertedtotheactivemoleculeinvivo,usuallyby neurons.Alsofoundinplantsincomplexedform (e.g.in
esterases(e.g.enalapriltoenalaprilat.andramiprilto ergot).Itisaneurotransmitterintheperipheralautonomic
ramiprilat). andsomaticnervoussystemsandintheCNS.Itisa
Petrillo,E.W.etal.(1982)Angiotensin·convertingenzymeinhibitors:medicinal MUSCARINICCHOLINOCEPTORAGONISTthathasPARASYMPATHO
Ocnhdeemttii.stMry.Aa.nd(19b9io1l)ogAincaglioatcetniosnins.cMonevde.rRtiensg.Reenvz.y.m2.e1i·4n1h.ibitors:Anoverview. MIMETICactions;itisaCARDIACDEPRESSANT.hasperipheral
HypertensionSuppJ.3,18111134-111135. VASODILATORactionsandisaHYPOTENSIVEAGENT.Itisa
Leonetti.G.etal(I995)ChoosingtherightACEinhibitor:Aguidetoselection. stimulantofgutmotilityandexocrineglandsecretions.Itis
DruB',49.516-535.
Opie.L.H.etal(1995)Thediscoveryofcaptopril:Fromlargeanimalstosmall aNICOTINICCHOLINOCEPTORAGONISTandcanstimulate
molecules.Cardiovasc.Res.,30,18-25. autonomicgangliaandattheskeletalneuromuscular
acemetacin [BAN,INN.jAN) (Bayf4975: Emflex™) isthe junction.ItisqUicklyhydrolysedinvivobycholinesterases,
glycolicacidesterofindomethacin(towhichitispartly whichlimitsitsclinicaluses,thoughadministered
convertedinvivo).Itisoneoftheindoleaceticacidseriesof anticholinesterasespotentiateendogenousacetylcholine.It
CYCWOXYGENASEINHIBITORSwithNSAIDANALGESICand canbeusedonlocalapplicationtotheeyeasaMIOTICAGENT.
ANTIINFLAMMATORYactivity.Ithasbeenusedorallytotreat acetylcysteine [BAN,INN.USAN) (liube™; Mucomyst™;
SMALLCAPS=drugfamilies (bymechanismorapplication) bold= individualagents italic=I.atinorGreek:opticalisomers:emphasis
4 acetyldigitoxin
Parvolex™) isusedaMUCOLYTICAGENT,whichreducesthe medicinetopromotesweating,andinlinimentstorelieve
viscosityofsputum,socanbeusedasanEXPECTORANTin pain,buthaveprovedtootoxicsoarenowobsolete.Itisused
patientswithdisordersoftheupperrespiratoryairways,such asapharmacologicaltool.
aschronicasthmaandbronchitis.Itisalsousedorallyto acrisorcin [INN.USAN) isanANTIFUNGALandANTHELMINTIC.
treatabdominalcomplicationsassociatedwithcysticfibrosis, acrivastine [BAN.iNN.USAN) (BW825C;Semprex™) isa
andlocallyintheeyetoincreaselacrimationandmucus pyrrolidinyltolylpyridylacrylicacidderivative,aHISTAMINE
secretion.ItisalsousedintravenouslyasanANTIDOTEin HI-RECEPTORANTAGONIST.Itisoneofthenewerlesssedative
paracetamolpoisoning. agents.Itcanbeusedorallyforthesymptomaticreliefof
acetyldigitoxin [INN) isaCARDIACGLYCOSIDEand allergicconditions,suchasallergicrhinitisandurticaria.
derivativeofdigoxinwithCARDIACSTIMULANTactionssimilar Ac-SDKP - goralatide.
toothercardiacglycosides. Actal™ - alexitol.
acetyldihydrocodeinone - thebacon. ACTH - corticotrophin.
acetylglutamine - aceglutamide. Acthar™ - corticotrophin.
N-acetylhydroxylamine - acetohydroxamicacid. Acthrel™ - corticotrophin-releasingfactor.
N-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptamlne - NAS. Actifed™ - pseudoephedrinehydrochloride:
N-acetylmescaline - mescaline. triprolidine.
acetylmethadol - dimepheptanol. Actigal1'M - ursodeoxycholicacid.
N.acetyl-5.methoxytryptamine - melatonin. Actilyse™ - alteplase.
acetylsalicylamide - salacetamide. Actimmune™ - interferony.
acetylsalicylicacid - aspirin. Actinac™ - chloramphenicol.
acetyl-[Asns·,TyrS21-salmoncalcitonin8-32 - Actinex™ - masoprocol.
AC187. actinomycin AIV - dactinomycin.
Achromycin™ - tetracycline. actinomycin B, - dactinomycin.
aciclovir [BAN.iNN.JAN) (acyclovir [USAN): acyclovirsodium actinomycin BIV - dactinomycin.
[USAN); Zovirax™) isasyntheticnucleosideanalogueANTI actinomycin C[BAN) (cactinomycin [INN.USAN);S-67;
VIRAL.Itcanbeusedorallyortopicallytotreatinfectionby antibioticHBF386;antibioticS-67; NSC18268) isamixture
theherpesviruses,andisvaluableinimmunocompromised ofANTIBIOTICS;actinomycinD.actinomycinC2and
patients.Itisalsousedintheformofchemicalderivatives. actinomycinC3•ItisproducedbyStreptomyceschrysomallus.
'Acid' - Iysergide. IthasANTIBACTERIALactivityagainstGram-positivebacteria;
acifran[INN.USAN) (AY25712) isafurancarboxylicacid andisalsoacytotoxicagentactiveinANTICANCER
derivative.anANTIHVPERLIPIDAEMICAGENT. chemotherapyagainsttumours.Nolongermarketed.
acipimox [BAN.INN) (K9321; Olbetam™) isa actinomycinC, - dactinomycin.
pyrazinecarboxylicacidderivative,usedasanANTIHYPER actinomycin D - dactinomycin.
LIPIDAEMICAGENT. actinomycin DIV - dactinomycin.
acltretin [BAN.INN.USAN) (Ro10-1670; Neotigason™) isa actinomycin Fo - dactinomycin.
retinoidandmetaboliteofetretinate.Itisatopical actinomycin IV - dactinomycin.
DERMATOLOGICALAGENTthateffectsepithelialproliferation, actinonin isamicrobialproductthatisanENZYME
andisusedtopicallytorelieveseverepsoriasisandotherskin INHIBITORwithselectivityasanAMINOPEPTIDASEINHIBITOR
conditions.ItisalsoanANTICANCERAGENTactiveagainst activeagainstaminopeptidaseN(EC3.4.11.2).Itcanbeused
epithelialtumours. asapharmacologicaltoolinexperimentalanalyticalstudies.
Aclacin™ - aclarubicin. Activase™ - alteplase.
aclarubicin [BAN.iNN,USAN) (MA144A1;NSC208734; Acular™ - ketorolactrometamol.
antibioticMA144A1;Aclacin™) isan (anthracyclinegroup) Acupan™ - nefopam.
ANTIBIOTICisolatedfrom Streptomycesgalilaeus.usedasan acyclovir - aciclovir.
ANTICANCERAGENTforleukaemia;itshowsANTI-HIVactivity. acyclovirsodium - aciclovir.
aclatonium napadisylate[BAN.iNN,JAN) (celatonium AD 810 - zonisamide.
napadisilate;SKF100916J;TM723) isacholineester,a AD 1590 - bermoprofen.
MUSCARINICCHOLINOCEPTORAGONISTwithPARASYMPATHOMI Adagen™ - pegademase.
METICactions.Ithasbeentestedingastrointestinaldisorders. Adalat™ - nifedipine.
Aclovate™ - alclometasone. adamexine[INN) isanadamantylderivative,an
Acnecide™ - benzoylperoxide. ANTISPASMODICandMUCOLYTICAGENT,usedinthetreatment
Acnegel™ - benzoylperoxide. ofrespiratorytractdisorders.
Acnisal™ - salicylicacid. Adamsite(DM;diphenylaminechloroarsine;'
aconiazide[iNN) isanisoniazidanalogueandan phenarsazinechloride) isatoxicarsenicalvesicantand
ANTITUBERCULARandANTIBACTERIALAGENT. SENSORYIRRITANT,usedaswargasandriot-controlagent.
aconitine isanalkaloidfrommonk'shoodorwolfsbane adapalene[BAN,INN.USAN) (CD271;Differene™) isan
(Aconitumnapellus)andotherAconitumspp. adamantylnaphthoicacidderivative,aretinoid-likeagent
(Ranunculaceae).ItisaNEUROTOXINimplicatedinpoisoning usedasatopicalDERMATOLOGICALAGENTformildto
byA.spp..especiallyA.chasmanthuminIndia.Experimen moderateacne.whereitisamodulatorofcelldifferentiation.
tally,itisaSODIUM-CHANNELACTIVATORthatbindstoNa+ Adapin™ - doxepin.
channels,slowsinactivation,shiftsinactivationtoamore adaprolol - adaprololmaleate.
negativevalue,andaltersionspecificity.Thisresultsin adaprolol maleate [USAN) (adaprolol [iNN)) isa
repetitivefiringofneurons.withmarkedeffectsontheheart ~-ADRENOCEPTORANTAGONIST.Itcanbeusedtherapeutically
includingpositiveinotropismandarrhythmias.Aconitine asanANTIHYPERTENSIVE.
(andtherelatedalkaloiddelphinine) wereformerlyusedin ADCA - bisantrene.
SMALLCAPS=drugfamilies(bymechanismorapplication) bold=individualagents italic= LatinorGreek;opticalisomers;emphasis