Concepts of Electronics, Book 1

248 Pages·1981·23.298 MB·English

by  Heathkit Zenith

Heathkit
Educational
Systems
CONCEPTS OF
ELECTRONICS
Book 1
Copyright © 1981
Thirteenth printing -1985
Model EB-6140
Heath Company
HEATH COMPANY Not Affiliated with D.C. Heath Inc.
BENTON HARBOR, MICHIGAN 49022 All Rights Reserved
595-2585 ISBN0-87119-065-6 Printed in the United States of America
II
CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III
Course Objective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IV
Course Outline ................................................. V
UNIT ONE - DIRECT CURRENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
UNIT TWO-ALTERNATING CURRENT ...................... 2-1
UNIT THREE - ACTIVE DEVICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
UNIT FOUR- ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS ........................ 4-1
UNIT FIVE - DIGIT AL ELECTRONICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5-1
UNIT SIX - DIGIT AL COMPUTERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-1
Ill
INTRODUCTION
This is Heathkit Learning Publications Textbook, EB-6140, Concepts of
Electronics. It is designed to give you a thorough foundation in the basic
and intermediate principles of electronics. Starting at the very beginning,
it answers the question: "What is an electron?" This is an important
question because electronics is the science that studies and controls the
behavior of electrons. Therefore, you must be familiar with the electron
and its behavior to fully understand electronics.
As you progress through this learning program, you will examine the
electron's behavior in direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC)
circuits. You will study diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. You
will also study power supplies, amplifiers, oscillators, digital elec
tronics, and digital computers.
You can get a good idea of the scope of this program by reviewing the
"Course Outline" that follows. As you can see, this is a very comprehen
sive course with a substantial amount of material. To enliven and enrich
your learning experiences, a total of twenty-six Experiments are included
in the ''Student Workbook.'' These experiments will reinforce the theory
of electronics with practical applications.
How do you gauge your learning? Let the "objectives" be your guide.
These carefully constructed objectives are the framework for the course.
When you can meet all of the objectives, you have satisfied the require
ments of the course. You'll find two types of objectives in this course:
broad, "Course Objectives" are listed following this introduction. More
specific "Unit Objectives'' are listed near the front of each unit. When you
can satisfy these unit objectives, you've learned everything that was
intended from the units.
IV
COURSE OBJECTIVES
When you have completed this course, you will be able to:
1. Discuss basic and intermediate electronics theory and techniques.
2. Construct complex electronic circuits using only a schematic dia
gram as a guide.
3. Use a multimeter and oscilloscope to measure electronic parame
ters.
4. Use transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits to construct both
basic and intermediate electronic circuits.
5. Construct and analyze the operation of power supplies, amplifiers,
and oscillators.
6. Construct and analyze digital electronic circuits.
7. Discuss computer concepts and principles.
V
COURSE OUTLINE
Unit 1 Direct Current
I. Introduction
II. Unit Objectives
III. The Basis of Electronics
A. Atoms.
B. Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons.
C. Electrostatics.
D. Coulomb's Law.
E. The Ion.
F. The Coulomb.
G. Powers of Ten and Scientific Notation.
IV. Current
A. Freeing Electrons.
B. Conductors and Insulators.
C. The Battery.
D. Random Drift and Directed Drift.
E. The Electric Circuit.
F. The Ampere.
V. Voltage
A. Electromotive Force.
B. Potential Difference.
C. Voltage.
D. Battery Connections.
E. Voltage Rises and Voltage Drops.
F. Concept of Ground.
VI. Resistance
A. The Ohm.
B. Resistors.
C. Variable Resistors.
D. Resistor Connections.
E. Conductance.
VII. Ohm's Law
A. Finding Current.
B. Finding Current in Parallel Circuits.
C. Finding Voltage.
D. Finding Resistance.
E. Summary.
VIII. Power
A. The Watt.
B. Power, Current, and Voltage.
C. Power Dissipation in Resistors.
D. The Wheel Diagram.
VI
IX. Magnetism
A. The Magnetic Field
B. Laws of Magnetism.
C. Electricity and Magnetism.
D. Applications of Magnetism.
X. Meters
A. The Meter Movement.
B. Ammeter.
C. Voltmeter.
D. Ohmmeter.
E. Multimeters.
VII
Unit 2 ALTERNATING CURRENT
I. Introduction
II. Unit Objectives
III. What is AC?
A. Generating an Alternating Voltage
IV. Waveform Measurements
A. Voltage and Current Values.
B. Frequency.
C. Wave Length.
D. Phase Angle.
V. AC Meters
A. Rectifiers.
B. The Complete AC Meter.
C. Using the AC Meter.
VI. Oscilloscopes
A. Oscilloscope Oepration.
B. Using the Oscilloscope.
1. Measuring Voltage.
2. Measuring the Period.
3. Measuring Frequency.
VII. Inductance and Transformers
A. Inductance.
1. Self-inductance.
2. Mutual inductance.
B. Transformers.
VIII. Inductors in AC Circuits
A. Inductive Reactance.
B. Inductors in Series and Parallel.
C. Ohm's Law in Inductive Circuits.
D. Phase Angle in Inductive Circuits.
E. Series RL Circuits.
IX. Capacitance
A. Types of Capacitors.
B. Charging and Discharging a Capacitor.
C. Unit of Capacitance.
D. Factors Affecting Capacitance.
E. Parallel - and Series - Connected Capacitors.
F. Capacitive Reactance.
G. Phase Angle in Capacitive Circuits.
H. RC Circuits.
VIII
X. RLC Circuits
A. Series RLC Circuits.
B. Parallel RLC Circuits.
C. Series Resonance.
D. Parallel Resonance.
E. Circuit Q.
F. Filters.
1. Bandstop Filter.
2. Bandpass Filter.
3. Low Pass Filter.
4. High Pass Filter.
IX
Unit 3 Active Devices
I. Introduction
II. Unit Objectives
III. Solid State Diodes
A. Semiconductor Materials.
B. P-N Junctions.
C. Diode Rating.
D. Zener Diode.
E. Varactor Diode.
IV. Transistors
A. Transistor Structure.
B. Transistor Operation.
C. Transistor Amplification.
D. Transistor Circuit Arrangements.
1. Common-Base Circuits.
2. Common-Emitter Circuits.
3. Common-Collector Circuits.
4. Summary.
E. Transistor Ratings.
V. Field-Effect Transistors.
A. Junction FET.
B. Insulated Gate FET.
C. Transistor Amplification.
D. Transistor Circuit Arrangements.
1. Common-Base Circuits.
2. Common-Gate Circuits.
3. Common-Drain Circuits.
VI. Optoelectronic Devices
A. Basic Characteristics of Light.
B. Light Sensitive Devices.
1. Photoconductive Cells.
2. Photovoltaic Cells.
3. Photodiodes.
4. Photo Transistors.
C. Light Emitting Devices.
1. LED Operation.
2. LED Construction.
3. LED Applications.
D. Liquid Crystals.
1. LCD Operation.
VII. Integrated Circuits
A. The Importance of IC's.
B. Advantages and Disadvantages.
C. Applicatons of IC's.
D. Digital IC's.
E. Linear IC's.