Computer-Human Interaction. Cognitive Effects of Spatial Interaction, Learning, and Ability: 25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI 2013, Adelaide, SA, Australia, November 25-29, 2013. Revised and Extended Papers

243 Pages·2015·46.56 MB·English

by  Theodor Wyeld

Theodor Wyeld
Paul Calder
Haifeng Shen (Eds.)
Computer-Human
Interaction
3
3
4
8
Cognitive Effects of Spatial Interaction,
S
C
N Learning, and Ability
L
25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI 2013
Adelaide, SA, Australia, November 25–29, 2013
Revised and Extended Papers
123
Lecture Notes in Computer Science 8433
Commenced Publication in 1973
Founding and Former Series Editors:
Gerhard Goos, Juris Hartmanis, and Jan van Leeuwen
Editorial Board
David Hutchison
Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
Takeo Kanade
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Josef Kittler
University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
Jon M. Kleinberg
Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Friedemann Mattern
ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
John C. Mitchell
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Moni Naor
Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
C. Pandu Rangan
Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India
Bernhard Steffen
TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
Demetri Terzopoulos
University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Doug Tygar
University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Gerhard Weikum
Max Planck Institute for Informatics, Saarbrücken, Germany
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7409
Theodor Wyeld Paul Calder
(cid:129)
Haifeng Shen (Eds.)
Computer-Human
Interaction
Cognitive Effects of Spatial Interaction,
Learning, and Ability
25th Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference, OzCHI 2013
Adelaide, SA, Australia, November 25–29, 2013
Revised and Extended Papers
123
Editors
Theodor Wyeld
Flinders University
Bedford Park,SA
Australia
PaulCalder
Flinders University
Bedford Park,SA
Australia
HaifengShen
Flinders University
Bedford Park,SA
Australia
ISSN 0302-9743 ISSN 1611-3349 (electronic)
Lecture Notesin ComputerScience
ISBN 978-3-319-16939-2 ISBN 978-3-319-16940-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16940-8
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2015937403
LNCSSublibrary:SL3–InformationsSystemsandApplications,incl.Internet/Web,andHCI
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
©SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2015
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthe
material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation,
broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information
storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynow
knownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication
doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant
protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookare
believedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditors
give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or
omissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.
Printedonacid-freepaper
SpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerlandispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia
(www.springer.com)
Preface
This book is a direct outgrowth of OzCHI 2013, the annual conference of the
Computer-Human Interaction Special Interest Group (CHISIG) of the Human Factors
and Ergonomics Society of Australia (HFSA) and Australia’s leading forum for a
growinginternationalcommunityofpractitioners,researchers,academics,andstudents
to exchange work in all areas of Human-Computer Interaction.
TheconferenceTechnicalProgramCommitteecomprisedof142researchers,among
whom 77 were from Australia and 65 were from overseas. The committee received
submissionsfor71longpapers,83shortpapers,and38studentdesignchallengeentries,
from countries in Asia-Pacific, Europe, North Europe, North America, and South
America. After a rigorous peer-review process, they accepted 34 long papers, 45 short
papers,and9studentdesignchallengefinalists,overall46%ofsubmissions.Alllongand
shortpapersweresubjecttodouble-blindpeer-reviewwitheachlongpaperreviewedbyat
leastthreecommitteemembersandeachshortpaperreviewedbyatleasttwocommittee
members. The conference proceedings were published by CHISIG and appear in the
AssociationforComputingMachinery(ACM)DigitalLibrary(dl.acm.org).
The theme of the conference was Augmentation, Application, Innovation, and Col-
laboration, which reflects a variety of technical and social challenges in designing and
deployinghuman-centredcomputerapplicationsthroughaugmentingourdailyliveswith
innovativeinteractionandcollaborationtechnologies.Theprogramcoveredawiderange
of topics around this theme, including “Ubiquitous Computing,” “Interface, Interaction,
and Visualization,” “Health and Welfare,” “Learning Environments,” “Gaming,”
“Mobile and Touch Interaction,” and “Social and Collaboration Technologies.”
Following the conference, 19 papers were invited as extended full chapters that
addressed issues related to the cognitive effects of spatial interaction, learning, and
ability. Of these 11 were accepted after a two-stage double-blind peer-review process
with at least three reviewers for each paper. The chapters in this book are the result.
November 2013 Paul Calder
Introduction to the Book
This book is about the cognitive effects of spatial interaction, learning, and ability.
Eleven chapters that are significant extensions to the conference papers published at
the OzCHI 2013 proceedings were selected. From these, four core themes emerge:
multi-dimensional interaction, video gaming, spatial learning, and physical spatial
interaction. Each of these themes is addressed by several chapters. Collectively, they
contemporaneously address these themes within an HCI context.
Thesectiononmulti-dimensionalinteractionaddressesspatialinteractionthatinvolves
3D,4D,andtouch-basedenvironments.Thissectionconsistsoffourchapters.Bradley
Wesson and Brett Wilkinson investigate the use offull body gestures to facilitate 3D
sculpting through a natural user interface providing users with the ability to sculpt a
virtual clay-like substance into different forms. They also evaluated, perceived, and
measured speed and accuracy, as well as the users reported fatigue and ease of use
throughasecondaryinterfaceaugmentingtheapplicationwithaseparatesetofgestures
on a handheld smartphone, while supplementing the positional data provided by the
Kinect with orientation data. Takanobu Miwa et al. then present an interactive 4D
visualization technique to control a 4D viewing direction via handling of principal
vanishingpoints. They proposean algorithm utilizingprincipal vanishing points asan
interface for the intuitive 4D viewing direction control and apply it to a system that
enablesuserstoflythrougha4Dspace.AshleyColleyetal.reportperceptual,cognitive,
andbehavioralaspectsrevealedbytheiruserstudiesthatconsiderstereoscopic3Dtouch
screens of different sizes in static and mobile usage contexts. They also present the
requirements for interacting with stereoscopic 3D touch screen user interfaces.
Seongkook Heo presents design strategies for rich-touch interactions and applications
theydevelopedwithanoveltouchpadprototype,capableofmeasuringafingerhoveras
well asfingerforce applied tothe screen.
Thesectiononvideogamingaddressesspatialperception,spatialability,andcognitive
complexityinvideogames.Thissectionconsistsofthreechapters.TuukkaM.Takala
et al. investigate the use of volumetric shadows for enhancing 3D spatial perception
and action in third-person motion games. Their studies indicate that different
volumetric shadow cues affect both user experience and gameplay performance
positivelyornegatively,dependingonthelightingsetup.Playingwasfoundtobemost
easyandfluentinatypicalvirtualrealitysettingwithstereorenderingandflatsurface
shadows.TheodorWyeldandBenedictWilliamsdescribeastudyofgamersandnon-
gamers and their spatial ability to draw what they see. The results show that gamers
tended to perform better than non-gamersin both spatial reasoning tests and drawing
tasks. Jemma Harris et al. examine information acquisition behavior of pilots in
responsetoaseriesofsimulatedflightsequencesinvolvingdifferentlevelsofcognitive
complexity.Theirresultssuggestthatassessmentsofthecomplexityofataskshouldbe
employed asa benchmarkin task assessment.
Thesectiononspatiallearningaddresseshowspatialinteractioncanaffectastudent’s
learningability.WinyuChinthammitetal.developedabasic3Dmoleculeconstruction
VIII Introduction to the Book
simulationtoaugmenttheteachingoforganicchemistrybyhelpingstudentsgraspthe
conceptsofchemistrythroughvisualizationinanimmersiveenvironment,3Dnatural
interaction,andaudiofeedback.Theirresultsshowthatimmersiveinteractivesystems
have great potential to promote visuo-spatial reasoning by externalizing complex
spatial relationships and providing interactive tools for direct manipulation of spatial
objects. Mark Reilly et al. present the interface design of a mobile real-time
collaborative note-taking application that can allow a small self-selecting group of
studentstoproactivelykeepeachotherengagedwhilestillallowingforindividualsto
contributeandinteract,withregardtotheirownabilityandpreferredlearningstyle.A
pivotaldesigngoalistoaccommodatestudents’diversecognitiveabilitiesbyspatially
separatingtheir workspaces andallowing each individual tochoose themostsuitable
waytointeractwiththeirpeers’workspaces.Theirresultsshowthatstudentsaremore
engagedinalecturewithcollaborativeratherthanindividualnote-taking,andaremore
satisfiedwithsharing spatially separatedworkspaces than acommon workspace.
The section of physical spatial interaction addresses the physical aspects of spatial
interaction. Mahmood Ashraf and Masitah Ghazali propose a physicality-focused
quantitativeevaluationmethodtoassistembeddedsystemdevelopersinmanagingthe
interaction complexities of their products and then conduct a user study to assess the
acceptance of the embedded system developers toward the proposed method. They
furtherproposearangeofvaluesforapplianceswherethesevaluescanbetreatedasa
catalog or as guidelines as they design and develop physical interfaces and again
evaluatetheacceptanceofembeddedsystemdeveloperstowardtheproposedcatalog.
HenrikSørensenetal.investigateproxemicinteraction,specificallythepotentialsand
challenges of spatial interaction spanning across separate physical locations. They
develop a multi-room music system that extends Apple AirPlay to allow spatial
interactionwithone’smusicplayerandperformafieldevaluationofthesystem.The
resultsrevealanumberoffindingsrelatedtothecognitiveperceptionofthespacesitis
usedin,suchasimportanceofasimpleinteraction,theimportanceofprovidinglocal
interaction,thechallengeofforegroundandbackgroundinteractions,andchallengesin
designing interactionwith music indiscrete zones.
Theodor Wyeld
Paul Calder
Haifeng Shen
Introduction tothe Book IX
List of Technical Program Committee Members
Safurah Abdul Jalil Xavier Ho Vesna Popovic
Elin Eliana Abdul Rahim Zaana Howard Peter Purgathofer
Truna Aka J.Turner Andrew Johnston Kenneth Radke
Ons Al-Shamaileh Syahrul Junaini Patrick Rau
Leena Arhippainen Doris Jung Fiona Redhead
Magnus Bang Rohit Ashok Khot Toni Robertson
Debjanee Barua Khamsum Kinley Christine Satchell
Mark Billinghurst Lone Koefoed Hansen Jennifer Seevinck
David Brown Henrik Korsgaard Haifeng Shen
George Buchanan Lars Kulik Hirohito Shibata
Paris Buttfield-Addison Tobias Langlotz Simeon Simoff
Marina Buzzi Geehyuk Lee Petr Slovak
Maria Claudia Buzzi Hyowon Lee Ross Smith
Paul Calder Tuck Wah Leong Wei Song
Linda Candy Chun-Cheng Lin Fabius Steinberger
Siyuan Chen Christopher Lueg Duncan Stevenson
Aaron Chen Martin Luerssen Ozge Subasi
Caslon Chua Christof Lutteroth Susanne Tak
Andrew Clayphan Peter Lyle Sampo Teräs
Nathalie Colineau John Manning Jimmy Ti
Karin Coninx Evi Indriasari Mansor Feng Tian
Sally Jo Cunningham Roberto Martinez- Claire Timpany
Xianghua Ding Maldonado Helena Tobiasson
Matthew D’Orazio Kevin McGee Martin Tomitsch
Claire Dormann Dana Mckay Keith Unsworth
Wendy Doube Richard Medland Keith Vander Linden
John Downs Alejandra Mery Keitel Nicholas Vanderschantz
Andreas Duenser Seyed Hadi Mirisaee Frank Vetere
Kirsten Ellis Johannes Mueller Greg Wadley
Ulrich Engelke Florian Nachreiner Tony Wang
Viv Farrell Hideyuki Nakanishi Jenny Waycott
Graham Farrell Suranga Nanayakkara Gerald Weber
Eric Fassbender Bjorn Nansen Michael Weber
Zac Fitz-Walter Erik G. Nilsson Ian Welch
Marcus Foth Susanna Nilsson Christoph Wimmer
Jill Freyne Tim Nugent Brett Wilkinson
Henry Gardner Piia Nurkka Nicholas Wittison
Martin Gibbs Kenton O’Hara Chui Yin Wong
Voula Gkatzidou David O’Hare Clinton Woodward
Stephen Green Jeni Paay Burkhard Wuensche
John Grundy Helen Partridge Theodor Wyeld
Florian Güldenpfennig Jon Pearce Lonce Wyse
Karen Henricksen Sonja Pedell Hiroaki Yano
Luke Hespanhol Abdul Moiz Penkar
Seamus Hickey Bernd Ploderer
Contents
Multi-dimensional Interaction
Evaluating 3D Sculpting Through Natural User Interfaces Across
Multiple Devices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Bradley Wesson and Brett Wilkinson
Interactive Four-dimensional Space Exploration Using Viewing Direction
Control Based on Principal Vanishing Points Operation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Takanobu Miwa, Yukihito Sakai, and Shuji Hashimoto
Touch the 3rd Dimension! Understanding Stereoscopic
3D Touchscreen Interaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Ashley Colley, Jonna Häkkilä, Johannes Schöning, Florian Daiber,
Frank Steinicke, and Antonio Krüger
Designing for Hover- and Force-Enriched Touch Interaction. . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Seongkook Heo, Jaehyun Han, and Geehyuk Lee
Video Gaming
Enhancing Spatial Perception and User Experience in Video Games
with Volumetric Shadows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
Tuukka M. Takala, Perttu Hämäläinen, Mikael Matveinen, Taru Simonen,
and Jari Takatalo
A Non-domain Specific Spatial Ability Test for Gamers Using Drawing
and a Mental Rotation Task . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
Theodor Wyeld and Benedict Williams
Differentiating Cognitive Complexity and Cognitive Load in High
and Low Demand Flight Simulation Tasks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Jemma Harris, Mark Wiggins, Ben Morrison, and Natalie Morrison
Spatial Learning
MolyPoly: A 3D Immersive Gesture Controlled Approach to Visuo-Spatial
Learning of Organic Chemistry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Winyu Chinthammit, SooJeong Yoo, Callum Parker, Susan Turland,
Scott Pedersen, and Wai-Tat Fu