Table Of ContentSeries Editors
W Hansmann
W Purgathofer
F. Sillion
N. Magnenat -Thalmann
D. Thalmann
B. Amaldi (eds.)
Computer Animation
and Simulation 2000
Proceedings of the Eurographies Workshop
in Interlaken, Switzerland,
August 21- 22,2000
Eurographies
Springer-Verlag Wien GmbH
Prof. Dr. Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann
MIRA Lab, University ofGeneva,
Geneva. Switzerland
Dr. Daniel Thalmann
Computer Graphics Laboratory,
Swiss Federal Institute ofTechnology,
Lausanne, Switzerland
Dr. Bruno Amaldi
Institut de Recherche an Informatique
et Systemes Aleatoires, Rennes,
France
This work is subject to copyright.
All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concemed,
specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting,
reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means,
and storage in data banks.
© 2000 Springer-Verlag Wien
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Wien New York in 2000
Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors
Graphie design: Ecke Bonk
Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free bleached paper
SPIN: 10778566
With 110 partly coloured Figures
ISSN 0946-2767
ISBN 978-3-211-83549-4 ISBN 978-3-7091-6344-3 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-7091-6344-3
Preface
This volume contains the research papers presented at the Eleventh
Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation
which took place in Interlaken, Switzerland, August 21-22, 2000. The
workshop is an international forum for research in human animation,
physically-based modeling, motion control, animation systems, and
other key aspects of animation and simulation.
The call for papers required submission of the full papers for review,
and each paper was reviewed by at least 3 members of the international
program committee and additional reviewers. Based on the reviews, 14
papers were accepted and the authors were invited to submit a final
version for the workshop.
We wish to especially thank all reviewers for their time and effort in
working within the rigid constraints of the tight schedule, thereby
making it possible to publish this volume in time for the workshop. We
also thank the authors for their contributions to the workshop, without
whom this unique forum for animation and simulation work would not
exist.
We are grateful to the Eurographics Association and especially to
Werner Purgathofer from the Technical University of Vienna, for his
support in publishing the workshop as a volume of the Springer-Verlag
Eurographics Series. We also thank the Eurographics '2000 organisers,
especially David Duce, and Heinrich Miiller from the EG board. We
are also very grateful to lerrin Celebi for the organization of the review
process and and Josiane Bottarelli for the registration process.
Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann
Daniel Thalmann
Bruno Arnaldi (Co-Chairs)
Program Committee
Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann (University of Geneva, Switzerland)
Daniel Thalmann (EPFL, Switzerland)
Bruno Arnaldi (IRISAJINRIA Rennes, France)
Norm Badler (University of Pennsylvania, USA)
Ronan Boulic (EPFL, Switzerland)
Marie-Paule Cani (IMAG, France)
Michael Cohen (Microsoft, USA)
Sabine Coquillard (lNRIA, France)
James Hahn (Georges Washington University)
Gerard Hegron (Ecole des Mines de Nantes, France)
Jessica Hodgins (Georgia Institute of Technology, USA)
Prem Kalra (Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, India)
Heedong Ko (Korea Institute of Science and Technology)
Hansrudi Noser (University of Zurich, Switzerland)
Igor Pandzic (University of Geneva, Switzerland)
Werner Purgathofer (Technical University of Wie n, Austria)
Ming Ouhyoung (National Taiwan University)
Frank van Reeth (Limburgs University Center, Belgium)
Pascal Volino (University of Geneva, Switzerland)
Reviewers
Amaury Aubel (EPFL, Switzerland)
Gilles Debunne (lMAG, France)
Sunil Hadap (University of Geneva, Switzerland)
Marcelo Kallmann (EPFL, Switzerland)
Laurent Maccozet (University of Geneva, Switzerland)
James Stewart (IMAG, France)
Alexander Wilkie (Technical University of Wien, Austria)
Michael Wimmer (Technical University of Wien, Austria)
Contents
1. Facial Animation and Ageing
A Parametric Tongue Model for Animated Speech .......................... 3
Scott A. King and Richard E. Parent
Simulation of Skin Aging and Wrinkles with Cosmetics Insight ....... 15
Laurence Boissieux. Gergo Kiss. Nadia Magnenat Thalmann and
PremKalra
A Low Bit-rate Web-enabled Synthetic Head with Speech-driven
Facial Animation ................................................................................... 29
I-Chen Lin. Chien-Feng Huang and Ming Ouhyoung
2. Character Animation
A Grasp-based Motion Planning Algorithm for Character
Animation .............................................................................. 43
Maciej Kalisiak and Michiel van de Panne
Motion Tracking with Dynamic Simulation ................................ 59
Masaki Oshita and Akifomi Makinouchi
ACE: A Platform for the Real Time Simulation
of Virtual Human Agents ................................................................. 73
Marcelo Kallmann. Jean-Sebastien Monzani. Angela Caicedo
and Daniel Thalmann
3. Hair Modelling
Interactive Hair Styler based on Fluid Flow ................................ 87
Sunil Hadap and Nadia Magnenat-Thalman
Real-Time Animation of Human Hair Modeled in Strip .................. 101
Chuan Koon Koh and Zhiyong Huang
x
4. Deformable Models
Controlling Anisotropy in Mass-Spring Systems ........................ 113
David Bourguignon and Marie-Paule Cani
Realistic Deformation of Human Body Shapes ........................... 125
Amaury Aubel and Daniel Thalmann
Implicit-Explicit Schemes for Fast Animation with Particle Systems ... 137
Bernhard Eberhardt, OlafE tzmuj3 and Michael Hauth
5. Modelling and Simulation
An Accurate Model of Wave Refraction Over Shallow Water .......... 155
Manuel N. Gamito and F. Kenton Musgrave
Animation and Simulation Techniques for VR-Training ................ 173
Systems in Endoscopic Surgery
Huseyin K. (:akmak and Uwe Kuhnapfel
Using Cartesian Product for Animation ..................................... 187
Xavier Skapin and Pascal Lienhardt
Appendix: Colour Illustrations ............................................ 203
1
Facial Animation and Ageing
A Parametric Tongue Model for Animated Speech.
Scott A. King and Richard E. Parent
Graphics Animation and Visualization Environment (GRAVE)
Computer and Information Science Department
The Ohio State University
[email protected], [email protected]
Abstract
We present a tongue model for use in computer-animated speech. The model is capable of
representing tongue shapes during the production of English vowels and consonants as well as
general motion of the tongue. Geometrically, the model is composed of a NURBS surface with
60 control points and an 8 x I3 grid of bi-cubic patches. We also present a parameterization of
the model that requires only 6 parameters for use during speech production.
Keywords
Facial animation, speech synthesis.
1.1 Introduction
For nearly thirty years computer graphics researchers [12, 16, 21] have been
working on synthetic talking heads. Computer generated talking heads are useful for
human-computer interfaces, entertainment, training, automated kiosks, and many other
applications. The tongue has received very little attention in previous research. The
justification for this oversight is that the tongue has limited visibility, only plays a role
in distinguishing some of the visemes and is an extremely complex organ.
During development of a text-to-audiovisual-speech system [9] we implemented a
simple tongue model, for the above reasons. However, this simple tongue model
detracts from the realism and a more realistic tongue model was necessary. The only
tongue model in the literature that approaches realism [15] is too complex to animate
easily (with 18 parameters) and is extremely slow to render as it uses implicit surfaces.
We required a tongue model that could represent the myriad different shapes of the
tongue during speech, was efficient, and required as few parameters as possible. To
that end we have developed a geometric model of the tongue, discussed in section 3,
capable of representing a highly deformable structure. We also developed a
parameterization for the tongue, presented in section 4, that requires only 6 parameters
and can be used with any tongue model. We created a linear implementation of the
tongue model discussed in section 5, that allows real-time animation of the tongue.
1.2 Previous Work
In order to achieve more realism, several researchers recognized the need to
represent the tongue in a facial animation system. These systems have used a range of
methods to simulate the tongue including a simple geometric tongue with rigid motion,
a human sculpted tongue in keyframe positions, finite elements, and a highly complex
model using soft objects.
Some of the first uses of tongues in computer facial animation were in the creation
of animated shorts. Reeves [18] describes the use of a teardrop shaped collection of 12
bi-cubic patches to model the tongue in Tin Toy, Pixar's academy award winning
short. Although the tongue was modeled, it was usually left in the back of the mouth.
Klieser [10] sculpts a face in phonemic positions then interpolates between them,
N. Magnenat-Thalmann et al. (eds.), Computer Animation and Simulation 2000
© Springer-Verlag/Wien 2000
