Computer- aided inspection planning: theory and practice

367 Pages·2017·18.99 MB·English

by  Abdulhameed

Computer-Aided
Inspection Planning
Theory and Practice

Computer-Aided
Inspection Planning
Theory and Practice
Abdulrahman Al-Ahmari
Emad Abouel Nasr
Osama Abdulhameed
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Al-Ahmari, Abdulrahman M., 1968- author. | Nasr, Emad Abouel, author.
| Abdulhameed, Osama, author.
Title: Computer aided inspection planning : theory and practice / Abdulrahman
Al-Ahmari, Emad Abouel Nasr, and Osama Abdulhameed.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017. | Includes
bibliographical references.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016026227 | ISBN 9781498736244 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Engineering inspection--Data processing. | Computer
integrated manufacturing systems. | Computer-aided engineering.
Classification: LCC TS156.2 .A425 2017 | DDC 620.0028/5--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016026227
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
http://www.crcpress.com
Contents
Description of This Book ................................................xiii
Authors ................................................................................xv
1 Computer-Based Design and Features .....................1
1.1 Introduction ................................................................1
1.2 Computer-Aided Design .............................................4
1.3 Computer-Aided Manufacturing .................................5
1.4 CAD and CAM Integration .........................................7
1.5 Role of CAD/CAM in Manufacturing .........................9
1.6 Feature-Based Technologies .....................................10
1.6.1 Types of Features ............................................11
1.7 Summary ....................................................................13
Questions ...........................................................................14
References ..........................................................................15
2 Methodologies of Feature Representations............19
2.1 Feature Definitions ....................................................19
2.2 Features in Manufacturing ........................................21
2.2.1 Process Planning .............................................22
2.2.1.1 Variant Process Planning ....................22
2.2.1.2 Generative Process Planning .............23
2.2.2 Assembly Planning .........................................24
2.2.3 Inspection Planning ........................................25
2.3 Geometric Modeling ..................................................26
2.3.1 Wireframe Modeling .......................................27
2.3.2 Surface Modeling ............................................29
v
vi ◾ Contents
2.3.2.1 Ferguson’s Curve ................................31
2.3.2.2 Bezier’s Curve .....................................31
2.3.2.3 B-Spline Curve ...................................34
2.3.3 Solid Modeling ................................................35
2.3.3.1 History and Overview ........................36
2.3.3.2 Types of Solid Modeling ....................37
2.4 Boundary Representation (B-Rep) ............................38
2.4.1 Euler’s Formula ...............................................39
2.5 Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) .........................40
2.6 Advantages and Disadvantages of CSG
and B-Rep [23,55] .......................................................41
2.7 Feature Recognition ...................................................43
2.8 Feature-Based Design ..............................................44
2.9 Feature Interactions ...................................................45
2.10 Summary ...................................................................46
Questions ...........................................................................47
References .........................................................................48
3 Automated Feature Recognition ............................53
3.1 Feature Representation ..............................................55
3.1.1 Feature Representation by B-Rep ...................55
3.1.2 Feature Representation by CSG ......................56
3.1.3 Feature Representation by B-Rep
and CSG (Hybrid Method) .............................56
3.2 Feature Recognition Techniques ...............................58
3.2.1 The Syntactic Pattern Recognition Approach .....58
3.2.2 The Logic-Based Approach ............................60
3.2.3 Graph-Based Approach ..................................61
3.2.4 Expert System Approach ................................63
3.2.5 Volume Decomposition and Composition
Approach .........................................................65
3.2.6 3D Feature Recognition from a 2D
Feature Approach ...........................................66
3.3 Summary ....................................................................67
Questions ..........................................................................68
References ..........................................................................69
Contents ◾ vii
4 Data Transfer in CAD/CAM Systems......................73
4.1 Data Transfer in CAD/CAM Systems ........................73
4.1.1 Initial Graphics Exchange Specifications .......76
4.1.2 Standard for Exchange of Product Data ........78
4.1.2.1 Structure of STEP ..............................80
4.2 Dimensional Measuring Interface Standard..............87
4.2.1 Components of DMIS File ..............................89
4.3 Object-Oriented Programming .................................93
4.4 Summary ....................................................................95
Questions ...........................................................................95
References ......................................................................... 96
5 Coordinate Measuring Machine .............................99
5.1 Introduction .............................................................. 99
5.2 Main Structure .........................................................101
5.2.1 Cantilever Type .............................................101
5.2.2 Bridge Type ...................................................102
5.2.3 Column Type ................................................103
5.2.4 Horizontal Arm Type ....................................103
5.2.5 Gantry Type ..................................................103
5.3 Probing Systems in Coordinate Measurement
Machines ..................................................................104
5.4 Application ...............................................................106
5.5 Virtual CMM ............................................................107
5.6 Application of the CMM in Statistical Quality
Control .....................................................................109
5.7 DMIS File Component .............................................110
5.7.1 Base Alignment .............................................111
5.7.2 Sensor Procedure ..........................................111
5.7.3 Feature Definition .........................................112
5.7.4 Feature Measuring ........................................113
5.7.5 Machine Movement .......................................113
5.7.6 Test of Geometrical and Dimensional
Tolerance .......................................................114
5.7.7 Result Output ................................................115
5.8 Summary ..................................................................115
viii ◾ Contents
Questions .........................................................................115
References ........................................................................116
6 Computer-Aided Inspection Planning .................119
6.1 Introduction .............................................................119
6.2 Feature Extraction ...................................................120
6.3 Computer-Aided Inspection Planning ....................123
6.4 Integration of Systems .............................................126
6.5 Inspection Plan and Coordinate Measuring
Machine ...................................................................131
6.6 Coordinate Measuring Machine ..............................135
6.7 Literature Classifications ..........................................137
6.8 Summary ..................................................................137
Questions .........................................................................146
References ........................................................................147
7 Automatic Feature Extraction ..............................153
7.1 Introduction .............................................................153
7.2 Automatic Feature Extraction ..................................154
7.2.1 Feature Extraction and Recognition .............158
7.2.1.1 IGES File Format...............................158
7.2.1.2 STEP File Format ..............................162
7.2.2 Depression Features......................................163
7.2.2.1 Depression Features (Single) ............163
7.2.2.2 Depression Features (Multiple) ........164
7.2.3 Feature Classification ....................................164
7.2.4 Feature Recognition Rules ............................164
7.2.4.1 Slot Blind Feature .............................164
7.2.5 GD&T Extraction ..........................................166
7.2.5.1 GD&T Extraction in IGES File
Format ...............................................166
7.2.5.2 Object-Oriented Programming
for Extraction of GD&T from
IGES File ...........................................169
7.2.5.3 GD&T Extraction in STEP File
Format ...............................................171
Contents ◾ ix
7.2.5.4 Object-Oriented Programming
for Extraction GD&T from
STEP File ...........................................175
7.3 Summary ..................................................................176
Questions .........................................................................177
References ........................................................................178
8 Integration System for CAD and Inspection
Planning ..............................................................181
8.1 Introduction .............................................................181
8.2 Development of Computer-Aided Inspection
Planning Module .....................................................182
8.2.1 Module Database ..........................................185
8.2.2 Developing the Integration between
CAD and CAI ................................................186
8.2.3 Generation of the Inspection Plan for
the Manufactured Components ....................187
8.2.3.1 Feature Classification in the
Inspection Plan Generation .............188
8.2.3.2 Accessibility Analysis ........................189
8.2.3.3 Setup Planning .................................194
8.2.3.4 Touch Point Generation ...................199
8.2.3.5 Probe Path Generation .....................201
8.2.4 Inspection Planning Table ............................204
8.3 Coordinate Measuring Machine Module ................204
8.3.1 Machine Settings ...........................................206
8.3.2 Probe Calibration ..........................................206
8.3.3 Datum Alignment .........................................206
8.3.4 Measurements ...............................................207
8.3.5 Output ...........................................................208
8.3.6 DMIS File Generation ...................................208
8.3.7 OOP Class Diagram of DMIS Generation
File .................................................................209
8.4 Summary ..................................................................210
Questions .........................................................................210
References ........................................................................211