Computed Tomography - Special Applications

328 Pages·2011·46.331 MB·English

by  L. Saba

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
– SPECIAL APPLICATIONS

Edited by Luca Saba
Computed Tomography – Special Applications
Edited by Luca Saba

Published by InTech
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First published October, 2011
Printed in Croatia

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Computed Tomography – Special Applications, Edited by Luca Saba
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-723-9
free online editions of InTech
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Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Non-Radiological Application 1
Chapter 1 Application of CT for the Study of Pathology of the Jaws 3
Tatsurou Tanaka, Yasuhiro Morimoto, Tatsurou Tanaka,
Shinji Kito, Ayataka Ishikawa, Shinya Kokuryo,
Noriaki Yamamoto, Manabu Habu, Ikuya Miyamoto, Masaaki
Kodama, Shinobu Matsumoto-Takeda, Masafumi Oda,
Nao Wakasugi-Sato, Kozue Otsuka, Shunji Shiiba,
Yuji Seta, Yoshihiro Yamashita, Izumi Yoshioka,
Kou Matsuo, Tetsu Takahashi, Kazuhiro Tominaga
and Yasuhiro Morimoto
Chapter 2 Estimated Specific Gravity with Quantitative
CT Scan in Traumatic Brain Injury 25
Vincent Degos, Thomas Lescot and Louis Puybasset
Chapter 3 The Locally Adapted Scaling Vector Method: A New Tool for
Quantifying Anisotropic Structures in Bone Images 37
Roberto Monetti, Jan Bauer, Thomas Baum, Irina Sidorenko,
Dirk Müller, Felix Eckstein, Thomas Link
and Christoph Räth
Chapter 4 CT Scanning in Archaeology 57
Stephen Hughes
Chapter 5 Adrenal Imaging Methods : Comparison of Mean CT
Attenuation, CT Histogram Analysis and Chemical
Shift Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Adrenal Mass
Characterization and Review of the Literature 71
Ahmet Mesrur Halefoglu
Chapter 6 CT-Guided Brachytherapy Planning 105
Cem Onal and Ezgi Oymak
VI Contents

Part 2 General Science Application 121
Chapter 7 Gas Trapping During Foamed Flow in Porous Media 123
Quoc P. Nguyen
Chapter 8 X-Ray Fluorescence Microtomography
in Biological Applications 153
Gabriela R. Pereira and Ricardo T. Lopes
Chapter 9 3D-μCT Cephalometric Measurements in Mice 169
F. de Carlos, A. Alvarez-Suárez, S. Costilla,
I. Noval, J. A. Vega and J. Cobo
Chapter 10 Effect of Buoyancy on Pore-Scale Characteristics of
Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media 179
Tetsuya Suekane and Hiroki Ushita
Chapter 11 Conventional - and Cone Beam – CT - Derived
Stereolithographic Surgical Guides in the Planning
and Placement of Dental Implants 195
Volkan Arısan
Chapter 12 Differential Cone-Beam CT
Reconstruction for Planar Objects 217
Liu Tong
Chapter 13 Cross-Sectional Imaging in Comparative Vertebrate
Morphology - The Intracranial Joint of the
Coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae 259
Peter Johnston
Chapter 14 Scaling Index Method (SIM): A Novel Technique
for Assessment of Local Topological Properties of
Porous and Irregular Structures 275
Irina Sidorenko, Roberto Monetti, Jan Bauer,
Dirk Müller and Christoph Räth
Chapter 15 Gamma-Ray Computed Tomography in
Soil Science: Some Applications 293
Luiz Fernando Pires, Fábio Augusto Meira Cássaro,
Osny Oliveira Santos Bacchi and Klaus Reichardt

Preface

It is my pleasure to present the book titled “Computed Tomography - Special
Applications”. Computed tomography (CT) and in particular multi-detector-row
computed tomography (MDCT), is a powerful non-invasive imaging tool with a
number of advantages over the other non-invasive imaging techniques.
CT has evolved into an indispensable imaging method in clinical routine. It was the
first method to non-invasively acquire images of the inside of the human body that
were not biased by superimposition of distinct anatomical structures.
The first generation of CT scanners developed in the 1970s and numerous innovations
have improved the utility and application field of the CT, such as the introduction of
helical systems that allowed the development of the “volumetric CT” concept.
A further major improvement in CT technology is the incorporation of multiple-
detector row longitudinally (along the z-axis) in the gantry. In 1998 the first 4-detector
row scanner was proposedand since then 16-32-64-128 and 320 detector row units
have been introduced. A recent major improvement in CT technology is the
introduction of the dual source CT that promises exceptional potentialities in tissue
analysis and characterization. Isotropic voxels, high spatial and temporal resolution,
use of fast contrast material injection rate and post-processing tools improved
sensitivity and specificity of this technology in solving diagnostic medical problems.
The purpose of this publication is to explore the applications of CT from medical
imaging to other fields like physics, archaeology ad computer aided diagnosis. Recently
interesting technical, anthropomorphic, forensic and archeological as well as
paleontological applications of computed tomography have been developed. These
applications further strengthen the method as a generic diagnostic tool for non
destructive material testing and three dimensional visualization beyond its medical use.
Luca Saba MD
Department of Science of the Images
Policlinico Universitario
University of Cagliari
Italy