Computed Tomography: Clinical Applications

352 Pages·2016·50.27 MB·English

by  Saba L. (Ed.)

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Edited by Luca Saba
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
– CLINICAL APPLICATIONS

Edited by Luca Saba
Computed Tomography – Clinical Applications
Edited by Luca Saba

Copyright © 2011
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Image Copyright Tyler Olson, 2011. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

First published December, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Computed Tomography – Clinical Applications, Edited by Luca Saba
p. cm.
ISBN-10 953-307-378-0
ISBN-13 978-953-307-378-1

Contents

Preface IX
Part 1 Clinical Application 1
Chapter 1 Computer-Aided Diagnosis
for Acute Stroke in CT Images 3
Yongbum Lee, Noriyuki Takahashi and Du-Yih Tsai
Chapter 2 3D-CT Mammary Lymphography
Facilitate the Endoscopic Sentinel Node Biopsy 29
Koji Yamashita, Shunsuke Haga and Kazuo Shimizu
Chapter 3 CT Aided Postoperative Breast
Conservation Brachytherapy Irradiation 41
D. O. Odero
Chapter 4 Application of CT Scanning in
the Studies of Minimal Invasive Thoracoscopic
Surgery of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis 59
Yong Qiu
Chapter 5 Endoscopic Vidian Neurectomy:
The Anatomy Consideration and
Preoperative Images Analysis 85
Wan-Fu Su, Shao-Cheng Liu and Hsing-Won Wang
Chapter 6 Phase Contrast Computed Tomography 107
Fu Jian
Chapter 7 Bone Density Measurement
Using Computed Tomography 123
Cetin Celenk and Peruze Celenk
Chapter 8 Extraction of Airway
in Computed Tomography 137
Ken Inohara, Yuka I. Sumita and Shuichi Ino
VI Contents

Part 2 CAD and Advanced Imaging Application 149
Chapter 9 QCT as a Base of Computer Aided
Diagnosis of Osteoporotical Changes 151
Antoni John and Piotr Wysota
Chapter 10 Preoperative Virtual Navigation with 3D-CT Volume
Rendering for Single Minimum Incision Endoscopic
Nephron-Sparing Surgery on Renal Tumors 171
Takao Kamai, Hideyuki Abe, Nobutaka Furuya, Tsunehito Kambara,
Tomoya Mizuno, Daisuke Nishihara, Yasukazu Shioyama,
Yoshitatsu Fukabori, Tomonori Yamanishi and Yasushi Kaji
Chapter 11 Spatial Anatomical Variation of Segmental Hepatic
Vasculature and Bile Duct Assessed by Integrated
3D CT Images for Right Lateral Sector Graft
Liver Transplantation 185
Koji Okuda and Atsushi Yoshida
Chapter 12 Fully Automatic Technique for Liver Segmentation from
Abdominal CT Scan with Knowledge-Based Constraints 195
Nader H. Abdel-massieh
Chapter 13 MicroCT: An Essential Tool in Bone Metastasis Research 211
Bethany A. Kerr and Tatiana V. Byzova
Chapter 14 CT Imaging of Hepatic Arteries 231
Luca Saba
Chapter 15 CT Imaging to Assess the Left Atrial
Appendage Anatomy: Clinical Implications 241
Pasquale Santangeli, Luigi Di Biase, Rodney Horton,
J. David Burkhardt and Andrea Natale
Part 3 CT-PET and Radiation Dose 253
Chapter 16 Integrated PET/CT in the Staging of NSCLC 255
Walter De Wever
Chapter 17 Hybrid PET/CT and SPECT/CT Imaging 269
Thomas Leitha and Anton Staudenherz
Chapter 18 The Role of Contrast Enhanced Computed
Tomography in Integrated Positron Emission
Tomography Computed Tomography Study 293
Abdul Jalil Nordin, Noraini Abdul Rahim,
Fathinul Fikri Ahmad Saad, Ahmad Zaid and
Ahmad Zaid Fattah Azman
Contents VII

Chapter 19 Cumulative Radiation Effective Dose 313
Nelofur Hayat, Eshrak Hassanein and Mohamed Shoukry
Chapter 20 Dose Reduction on Computed Tomography Angiography
Using Adaptive Control Techniques 342
Zhijun Cai, Er-Wei Bai and Ge Wang

Preface

It is my pleasure to present this book entitled “Computed Tomography - Clinical
Applications”. Computed Tomography (CT) and in particular multi-detector-row
computed tomography (MDCT), is a powerful non-invasive imaging tool with a
number of advantages over the others non invasive imaging techniques.
CT has evolved into an indispensable imaging method in clinical routine. It was the
first method to non-invasively acquire images of the inside of the human body that
were not biased by superimposition of distinct anatomical structures.
The first generation of CT scanners developed in the 1970s and numerous innovations
have improved the utility and application field of the CT, such as the introduction of
helical systems that allowed the development of the “volumetric CT” concept.
A further major improvement in the CT technology is the incorporation of multiple
detector row longitudinally (along the z-axis) in the gantry. In the 1998 it was proposed
the first 4-detector row scanner and since then it were introduced 16-32-64-128 and 320
detector row units. A recent major improvement in the CT technology is the introduction
of the dual source CT that promise exceptional potentialities in the tissue analysis and
characterization. Isotropic voxels, high spatial and temporal resolution, use of fast
contrast material injection rate and post-processing tools improved sensitivity and
specificity of this technology in solving diagnostic medical problems.
In this book the purpose is to explore the applications of CT from medical imaging to
other fields like archaeology and computer aided diagnosis. Recently interesting
technical, anthropomorphic, forensic and archeological as well as paleontological
applications of computed tomography have been developed. These applications
further strengthen the method as a generic diagnostic tool for non-destructive material
testing and three-dimensional visualization beyond its medical use.

Luca Saba, MD
Department of Science of the Images,
Policlinico Universitario,
University of Cagliari,
Italy