Computational Optimization and Applications in Engineering and Industry

281 Pages·2011·4.866 MB·English

by  Pia Domschke, Oliver Kolb, Jens Lang (auth.), Xin-She Yang, Slawomir Koziel (eds.)

Xin-SheYangandSlawomirKoziel(Eds.)
ComputationalOptimizationandApplicationsinEngineeringandIndustry
StudiesinComputationalIntelligence,Volume359
Editor-in-Chief
Prof.JanuszKacprzyk
SystemsResearchInstitute
PolishAcademyofSciences
ul.Newelska6
01-447Warsaw
Poland
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Geocomputation,SustainabilityandEnvironmental ComputationalOptimizationandApplicationsin
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ISBN978-3-642-19732-1 ISBN978-3-642-20985-7
Xin-SheYang and Slawomir Koziel (Eds.)
Computational Optimization and
Applications in Engineering and
Industry
123
Editors
Xin-SheYang SlawomirKoziel
MathematicsandScientificComputing, EngineeringOptimization&ModelingCenter,
NationalPhysicalLaboratory, SchoolofScienceandEngineering,
Teddington, ReykjavikUniversity,Menntavegur1,
MiddlesexTW110LW,UK 101Reykjavik,Iceland
E-mail:[email protected] E-mail:[email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-20985-7 e-ISBN 978-3-642-20986-4
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-20986-4
Studiesin Computational Intelligence ISSN1860-949X
Library of Congress Control Number:2011927164
(cid:2)c 2011 Springer-VerlagBerlin Heidelberg
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Preface
Computersimulationaswellasnumericalmodellingandoptimizationarebe-
coming a commonplace in contemporary engineering and science. The com-
plexityofthesystemsconsideredinvariousfieldshasbeenconstantlygrowing
over the years and the theoretical models offer more and more accurate de-
scription of the physical phenomena, structures and devices. However, most
of these models are far too complicated to be handled through analytical
solutions;computer simulationis requiredfor a majority of real-worldappli-
cations not only to evaluate the model but also to exploit it in the design
process. Advanced state-of-the-art commercial simulation software packages
are available and used in everyday design work in mechanical engineering,
civilengineering,aerospaceindustry,electricalengineering,andmanyothers.
Computational optimization has become an essential and, in many cases,
critical component of the design process. In almost all applications in engi-
neering and industry it is necessary to maximize performance and efficiency
while minimizing the cost, size, weight, or energy consumption at the same
time. This is usually a complex task that involves manipulation of available
design parameters in order to find satisfactory values of one or more objec-
tives that are evaluated through often computationally expensive computer
simulation. In many cases, complex constraints have to be satisfied in the
optimization process.
Thereareseveralfactorsduetowhichthesearchforoptimaldesigncanbe
complicatedevenfurther.Oneofthemisthepresenceofuncertaintiesthatis
common for most real-world systems. In particular, material properties and
geometryofthemanufactureddevicemaydifferfromtheirnominalvaluesasa
resultoffabricationtolerances.Therefore,theoptimizationprocessmayseek
for the robust design which ensures the highest probability of satisfying the
performancerequirementsunderthepresenceofuncertaintiesratherthanjust
for the optimal design. Many optimization problems are nonlinear and NP-
hard,thatis,thesolutiontimeforfindingoptimaldesigngrowsexponentially
with the problem size. In some cases the designer may face multiple local
optima and the global search procedures are necessary. On the other hand,
many practical problems have multiple and competing objectives where the
VI Preface
best design is obtained through a decision-making process based on a set of
Pareto-optimalsolutions.
The dependence of contemporary engineering design on computer simula-
tions introduces additional difficulties to optimization. Growing demand for
accuracy and ever-increasing complexity of structures and systems result in
the simulation process being more and more time consuming. In many engi-
neeringfields,theevaluationofasingledesigncantakeaslongasseveraldays
or even weeks so that straightforwardapproaches by employing high-fidelity
simulator directly in the optimization loop are prohibitive. Interestingly, the
increasing computational power of today’s computers does not alleviate this
problem because the availability of faster computers is compromised by the
tendency of simulating more and more complex structures and systems with
higher and higher accuracy. On the other hand, simulation-based objective
functions are inherently noisy, which makes the optimization process even
more difficult. Still, simulation-driven design becomes a must for growing
number of areas, which creates a need for robust and efficient optimization
methodologiesthat canyield satisfactorydesigns evenat the presence of an-
alyticallyintractableobjectivesandlimited computationalresources.Inpar-
ticular, any technique that improves the efficiency of simulators or reduces
the function evaluation count is crucially important. Surrogate-based and
knowledge-based optimization uses certain approximations to the objective
soastoreducethecostofobjectiveevaluations.Theapproximationsareoften
local,whilethequalityofapproximationsisevolvingastheiterationsproceed.
Extensive research conducted in the area of computational optimization
and modeling resulted in many techniques that alleviate the difficulties of
traditionaldesign optimizationmethodologies.Many of these techniques ad-
dress particular issues, such as multiple local optima, multiple objectives or
handling computationally expensive cost functions. Substantial progress has
been observedin the developmentof derivative-freeoptimization techniques,
the use of adjoint sensitivities, as well as methods exploiting surrogatemod-
els, both function-approximation- and physically-based.
Thisbookiscontributedfromworldwideexpertswhoareworkinginthese
excitingareas,andeachchapterispracticallyself-contained.Thisbookstrives
to review and discuss the latest developments concerning optimization and
modellingwithafocusonapplicationsforsolvingreal-worldproblemsinvar-
iousdisciplinesofengineeringandscience,includingaerodynamics,oilindus-
try, gas and water transport, microwave engineering, structural engineering,
navigation, civil engineering, and others.
We would like to thank our editors, Drs Thomas Ditzinger and Holger
Schaepe, and staff at Springer for their help and professionalism. Last but
not least, we thank our families for their help and support.
Xin-She Yang
Slawomir Koziel
2011
List of Contributors
Editors
Xin-She Yang
Mathematics and Scientific Computing, National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. ([email protected])
Slawomir Koziel
Engineering Optimization & Modeling Center, School of Science and
Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
([email protected])
Contributors
Amir Hossein Alavi
School of Civil Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology,
Tehran, Iran. (ah [email protected])
I. Aydogdu
DepartmentofEngineeringSciences,MiddleEastTechnicalUniversity,Ankara,
Turkey. ([email protected])
Lindsay Chapman
Materials Processing and Performance,National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. ([email protected])
Ana Cort´es
Departament d’Arquitectura de Computadors i Sistemes Operatius,
Escola d’Enginyeria,Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona,
08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. ([email protected])
David Echeverr´ıa Ciaurri
DepartmentofEnergyResourcesEngineering,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,
CA 94305,USA. ([email protected])
VIII List of Contributors
Mo´nica Denham
Facultad de Ingenier´ıa, Universidad Nacional de R´ıo Negro, Sede Andina,
San Carlos de Bariloche,Argentina.
Pia Domschke
DepartmentofMathematics,TechnischeUniversit¨atDarmstadt,Dolivostr.15,
D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. ([email protected])
Louis J. Durlofsky
DepartmentofEnergyResourcesEngineering,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,
CA 94305-2220,USA. ([email protected])
Amir Hossein Gandomi
College of Civil Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran.
([email protected])
Z.W. Geem
Information Technology Program, iGlobal University, Annandale, Virginia,
USA. ([email protected])
Golnar Gharooni-fard
Computer Department of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch,
Young Researchers Club, Iran. ([email protected])
O. Hasancebi
Department ofCivil Engineering,Middle EastTechnicalUniversity,Ankara,
Turkey. ([email protected])
Momin Jamil
Harman International,Automotive Division, Becker-G¨oringStr. 16,
D-76307 Karlsbad, Germany. ([email protected])
Oliver Kolb
DepartmentofMathematics,TechnischeUniversit¨atDarmstadt,Dolivostr.15,
D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany. ([email protected])
Slawomir Koziel
Engineering Optimization & Modeling Center, School of Science and
Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
([email protected])
List of Contributors IX
Jens Lang
DepartmentofMathematics,TechnischeUniversit¨atDarmstadt,Dolivostr.15,
D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universit¨at Darmstadt,
Petersenstr.30, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Graduate School Computational Engineering,Technische Universit¨at
Darmstadt, Dolivostr. 15, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany.
([email protected])
Leifur Leifsson
Engineering Optimization & Modeling Center, School of Science and
Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik, Iceland.
([email protected])
Tom`as Margalef
Departament d’Arquitectura de Computadors i Sistemes Operatius,
Escola d’Enginyeria,Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona,
08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. ([email protected])
Clare Matthews
Mathematics and Scientific Computing, National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. ([email protected])
Fahime Moein-darbari
Computer Department of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch,
Young Researchers Club, Iran. ([email protected])
Tapan Mukerji
DepartmentofEnergyResourcesEngineering,StanfordUniversity,Stanford,
CA 94305-2220,USA. ([email protected])
Stanislav Ogurtsov
Engineering Optimization & Modeling Center, School of Science and
Engineering, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101 Reykjavik,
Iceland. ([email protected])
Simon Roberts
National PhysicalLaboratory,Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK.
M.P. Saka
Department of Engineering Sciences, Middle East Technical University,
Ankara, Turkey. ([email protected])
X List of Contributors
Kerstin Wendt
Departament d’Arquitectura de Computadors i Sistemes Operatius,
Escola d’Enginyeria,Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona,
08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain. ([email protected])
Louise Wright
Mathematics and Scientific Computing, National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. ([email protected])
Xin-She Yang
Mathematics and Scientific Computing, National Physical Laboratory,
Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, UK. ([email protected])
Hans-Ju¨rgen Zepernick
Blekinge Institute of Technology, SE-37179Karlskrona,Sweden.
([email protected])