Table Of ContentComputational Aeroacoustics
lCASE/NASA LaRC Series
Stability of Time Dependent and Spatially Varying Flow
D.L. Dwoyer and M.Y. Hussaini (eds.)
Studies of Vortex Dominated Flows
M.Y. Hussaini and M.D. Salas (eds.)
Finite Elements: Theory and Application
D.L. Dwoyer, M.Y. Hussainiand RG. Voigt (eds.)
Instability and Transition, Volumes I and II
M.Y. Hussaini and R.G. Voigt (eds.)
Natural Laminar Flow and Laminar Flow Control
RW. Barnwell and M.Y. Hussaini (eds.)
Major Research Topics in Combustion
M.Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar and RG. Voigt (eds.)
Instability, Transition, and Turbulence
M.Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar and C.L. Streett (eds.)
Algorithmic Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics
M.Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar and M.D. Salas (eds.)
Computational Aeroacoustics
Jay C. Hardin and M.Y. Hussaini (eds.)
Jay C. Hardin M.Y. Hussaini
Editors
Computational
Aeroacoustics
With 179 Illustrations
Springer-Verlag
New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris
Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Jay C. Hardin M.Y. Hussaini
NASA Langley Research Center ICASE
Mail Stop 462 NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton, VA 23681 Mail Stop 132-C
USA Hampton, VA 23681
USA
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Computational aeroacoustics / [edited by] Jay C. Hardin
and M.Y. Hussaini
p. cm. --(ICASE/NASA LaRC series)
Presentations at the Workshop on Computational Aeroacoustics
sponsored by ICASE and the Acoustics Division of NASA LaRC
on April 6-9, 1992.
Includes index.
ISBN-13: 978-I -46 13-8344-4 e-ISBN-13: 978-I -46 13-8342-0
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-8342-0
1. Aerodynamic noise--Mathematics--Congresses. I. Hardin, Jay C.
II. Hussaini, M. Y ousuff. III. Series.
TL574.N6C66 1993
629.132'3--dc20 93-17486
Printed on acid-free paper.
© 1993 by Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without
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New York, NY 10010, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or schol
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tronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known
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The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication,
even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such
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be used freely by anyone.
Production managed by Jim Harbison; manufacturing supervised by Vincent Scelta.
Photocomposed pages prepared from the editors' LATEX files.
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
PREFACE
Computational aeroacoustics is rapidly emerging as an essential
element in the study of aerodynamic sound. As with all emerging
technologies, it is paramount that we assess the various opportuni
ties and establish achievable goals for this new technology. Essential
to this process is the identification and prioritization of fundamental
aeroacoustics problems which are amenable to direct numerical siIn
ulation. Questions, ranging from the role numerical methods play in
the classical theoretical approaches to aeroacoustics, to the correct
specification of well-posed numerical problems, need to be answered.
These issues provided the impetus for the Workshop on Computa
tional Aeroacoustics sponsored by ICASE and the Acoustics Division
of NASA LaRC on April 6-9, 1992. The participants of the Work
shop were leading aeroacousticians, computational fluid dynamicists
and applied mathematicians. The Workshop started with the open
ing remarks by M. Y. Hussaini and the welcome address by Kristin
Hessenius who introduced the keynote speaker, Sir James Lighthill.
The keynote address set the stage for the Workshop. It was both
an authoritative and up-to-date discussion of the state-of-the-art
in aeroacoustics. The presentations at the Workshop were divided
into five sessions - i) Classical Theoretical Approaches (William
Zorumski, Chairman), ii) Mathematical Aspects of Acoustics
(Rodolfo Rosales, Chairman), iii) Validation Methodology (Allan
Pierce, Chairman), iv) Direct Numerical Simulation (Michael
Myers, Chairman), and v) Unsteady Compressible Flow Computa
tional Methods (Douglas Dwoyer, Chairman).
There was also a panel discussion on the last day. The panel was
chaired by Sir James Lighthill and consisted of the chairmen of the
various sessions. The goals of the panel discussion were to delimit
the state-of-the-art in computational aeroacoustics and ascertain the
most fruitful avenues for immediate research effort. A report of these
final discussions by Sir James Lighthill is included in this volume. In
addition, each of the session chairman has included some of their
own views in their papers in this volume.
One significant discussion of the panel concerned whether compu
tational aeroacoustics represented a totally new approach to the field
or merely heralded a "second golden age" of aeroacoustic research.
On the basis of the work presented, it was concluded that the ex
act acoustic analogy approach, perhaps utilizing numerical methods
vi
for source computation, would continue to have a significant role to
play for certain problems and that direct numerical simulations pro
vided additional opportunities that might properly initiate a "second
golden age."
JH, MYH
CONTENTS
Preface ......................................................... v
Welcome Address
Kristin Hessenius .............................................. xi
Contributors ................................................ xvii
KEYNOTE ADDRESS
A General Introduction to Aeroacoustics
and Atmospheric Sound
James Lighthill ................................................. 3
CLASSICAL THEORETICAL APPROACHES
Classical Theoretical Approaches to
Computational Aeroacoustics
William E. Zorumski .......................................... 41
Computational Aeroacoustics for Low Mach
N umber Flows
D. G. Crighton ................................................ 50
A Multiple Scales Approach to Sound
Generation by Vibrating Bodies
James F. Geer and Dennis S. Pope ............................ 69
On the Noise Radiated from a Turbulent
High Speed Jet
Geoffrey M. Lilley ............................................. 85
A Study of the Short Wave Components
in Computational Acoustics
Christopher K. W. Tam, Jay C. Webb and Zhong Dong ........ 116
viii
MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS OF ACOUSTICS
The Acoustic Analogy as a Tool of
Computational Aeroacoustics
F. Farassat ................................................... 133
Problems with Different Time Scales
and Acoustics
Heinz-Otto Kreiss ............................................. 156
VALIDATION METHODOLOGY
Validation Methodology: Review
and Comments
Allan D. Pierce ............................................... 169
Wall Pressure and Radiated Noise Generated
by 3 Line Vortices in Chaotic Motion Close
to a Solid Surface
Luc Collorec, Daniel Juve and Genevieve Comte-Bellot ........ 174
Acoustic Scattering by an Elastic Window
in a Rigid Duct: Numerical Approaches
S. C'ourtier-Arnoux ........................................... 190
Calculation of Noise Produced by High
Mach Number Jets
M.E. Goldstein and R.R. Mankbadi ........................... 206
Regarding Numerical Considerations for
Computational Aeroacoustics
Jay C. Hardin ................................................ 216
Observed and Computed Waves of Aerodynamic Sound
T. Kambe .................................................... 229
Validation of Computational Aeroacoustics Algorithms
Phillip J. Morris .............................................. 245
Model Problems Associated with the Prediction of Noise
by High Speed Shear Layers
John M. Seiner and T.R.S. Bhat .............................. 260
ix
DIRECT SIMULATION
Direct Simulation: Review and Comments
M.K. Myers .................................................. 28.5
Time-Dependent Jet Noise Computation
Techniques
Charles H. Berman, Gary Gordon, Eric Jackson,
George E. Karniadakis and Steven A. Orszag .................. 294
A Consideration of Energy from the Viewpoint
of Computational Aeroacoustics
Kenneth S. Brentner .......................................... 307
Direct Computation of Aerodynamic Noise
Sanjiva K. Lele, Parviz Moin, Tim Colonius
and Brian Mitchell ........................................... 32.5
Computation of the Acoustic Radiation
from Bounded Homogeneous Flows
Sutanu Sarkar and M. YousufJ Hussaini ....................... 33.5
On the Development of a Time Domain Method
for CAA "The Successes and Failures"
Willie R. Watson ............................................. 3.56
UNSTEADY COMPRESSIBLE FLOW
COMPUTATIONAL METHODS
CFD Methods Development Considerations for
Unsteady Aerodynamic Analysis
John T. Batina ............................................... 373
Numerical St udy of Flow / Struct ure Interaction
over a Flexible Plate
A. Frendi, 1. Maestrello and A. Bayliss ....................... 404
Navier-Stokes Simulations of Blade-Vortex Interaction
using High-Order-Accurate Upwind Schemes
Man Mohan Rai .............................................. 417
x
CONTRIBUTED PAPERS
Scattering of Sound by Rigid Bodies
in Arbitrary Flows
KoSo Huh, So Eo Widnall and RoK. Agarwal
00 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 433
Application of Geometrical Acoustics to Propagation
of High Frequency Jet Noise
Abbas Khavaran
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 456
Application of a CFD Code for Unsteady Transonic
Aerodynamics to Problems in Aeroacoustics
Gautam SenGupta
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0481
REPORT ON FINAL PANEL DISCUSSION
The Final Panel Discussion
James Lighthill
000000.0000000000000.000000.0000000 •••• 00000000499
