Table Of ContentCompression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts:
Application to Satellite Images
Avid Roman-Gonzalez
To cite this version:
Avid Roman-Gonzalez. Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite
Images. Signal and Image processing. Telecom ParisTech, 2013. English. NNT: . tel-00935029
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N°: 2009 ENAM XXXX
2013-ENST-0062
EDITE ED 130
Doctorat ParisTech
T H È S E
pour obtenir le grade de docteur délivré par
Télécom ParisTech
Spécialité “ Signal et Images ”
présentée et soutenue publiquement par
Avid ROMAN GONZALEZ
le 02 Octobre 2013
Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts:
Application to Satellite Images
Directeur de thèse : Mihai DATCU
Jury
T
Mme. Dana SHAPIRA, Professeur, Ashkelon Acad. College Rapporteur
M. Peter REINARTZ, Professeur, DLR Rapporteur H
Mme. Isabelle BLOCH, Professeur, TELECOM ParisTech Examinateur TT
M. Emmanuel TROUVÉ, Professeur, Université de Savoie Examinateur È
M. Alain GIROS, CNES Examinateur HH
M. Gottfried SCHWARZ, DLR Invité S
EE
E
SS
Télécom ParisTech EE
école de l’Institut Mines Télécom – membre de ParisTech
46, rue Barrault – 75634 Paris Cedex 13 – Tél. + 33 (0)1 45 81 77 77 – www.telecom-paristech.fr
Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite Images
To my parents Gregorio Roman
Caballero and Alicia Gonzalez Rojas
with profound love
Avid Román-González 3
Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite Images
Avid Román-González 4
Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite Images
Acknowledgments
There are many people without whom this work would not have been possible. First, I would
like to thank my thesis director, Mihai Datcu, who always made himself available to me and
knew how to motivate me with his enthusiasm and scientific rigor. I would also like to thank
Alain Giros for his advice, reviews and tips. Thank you both very much for your support.
In addition, I would like to thank Dana Shapira and Gottfried Schwarz for their
advice and support during the development and revision of this work. Also, thanks to the
jury for their participation in my defense and for their interest in my thesis work.
This work has been developed in three different places, so I want to thank all the
members of the research groups at TELECOM ParisTech - Department TSI, the German
Aerospace Center (DLR) - Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), and the Centre
National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES) - AP Service for their assistance during my temporary
internships and for their inspiring discussions.
I would like to give special thanks to my parents, Gregorio Roman Caballero and
Alicia Gonzalez Rojas, for all their dedicated support over the years, for always being there
to give me encouragement and strength to continue to move forward. Thank you to my sister
Dunia Terrazas Gonzalez and my brother Jaime Terrazas Gonzalez for their support and their
energy.
Finally, I want to express my thanks to Natalia Indira Vargas Cuentas and Karen
Fabiola Burga Perez, on whom I could always count for their advice, encouragement and
emotional support while living away from my country.
Avid Román-González 5
Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite Images
Avid Román-González 6
Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite Images
Contents
Abstract 11
1 Introduction 13
2 Basic Aspects of Optical Remote Sensing 17
2.1 Principles of Electromagnetic Waves ………….……………………...……... 18
2.2 Data Acquisition and Data Reception ………….…………………..….……... 19
2.2.1 Spatial Resolution …………………………..…………………………. 27
2.2.2 Radiometric Resolution ……………………….……………………….. 28
2.2.3 Spectral Resolution ……………………………………………………. 28
2.2.4 Temporal Resolution ……………………….………………………….. 28
2.3 Earth Observation Image Information Content and Quality ……….….……... 29
2.3.1 Information Content ………..……………..….………………………... 29
2.3.2 Earth Observation Image Quality ………..…..………………………... 31
2.3.3 Earth Observation Image Artifacts …………...………………………... 31
2.3.4 Impact of Artifacts on Image Analysis ……..……...…...……………... 36
2.4 Conclusions ……………………….………..….……………………………... 42
3 Hidden Information Analysis: A Base for Artifact Detection 43
3.1 Multimedia Image Quality ………………………..….……………………..... 44
3.1.1 Metrics for Image Quality …………………………..……………...…. 45
3.1.2 Quality-Aware Images …………………………..………………….…. 52
3.2 Watermarking ……………………………………..….……………………..... 54
3.2.1 Watermarking Detection ………...…………………..……………...…. 56
3.3 Hidden Information (Steganography) ……………...……………………..... 57
3.3.1 Steganalysis Using Image Quality Metrics ………………………...…. 59
3.4 Image Fakery …………..………...………………..….……………………..... 60
3.4.1 Image Fakery Detection ………...……….…………..……………...…. 61
3.5 Conclusion ……………………....………………..….……………………..... 62
4 Image Information, Entropy and Complexity 63
4.1 Shannon Information Theory ……………………..….……………………..... 64
4.1.1 Principles for Information Measurement …………………………...…. 64
4.1.2 Information Content Measure ………………….…………………...…. 65
4.1.3 Shannon Entropy …………………………….……………………...…. 65
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Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite Images
4.2 Kolmogorov Complexity ……………..…………..….……………………..... 66
4.3 Relationship Between Shannon Entropy and Kolmogorov Complexity …....... 66
4.4 Normalized Compression Distance …………...…..….……………………..... 67
4.5 Rate-Distortion Theory ……………………..………...……………………..... 68
4.6 Complexity-Distortion Function ……………………..….………………….... 69
4.7 Kolmogorov Structure Function ……………………..….………………….... 69
4.8 Data Compression ………………….……………..….……………………..... 70
4.8.1 JPEG Compression …………………………….…………………...…. 70
4.8.2 GZIP Compression …………………………...……………..……...…. 72
4.8.3 Delta Compression ……………………………...…………...……...…. 72
4.9 Redundancy ………………..……….……………..….……………………..... 73
4.10 Conclusions ………....…………....…………...…..….……………………..... 73
5 Proposed Artifact Detection Methods 75
5.1 Rate-Distortion Based Artifact Detection …………….……………...……..... 78
5.1.1 Empirical Properties of RD for Images with Artifacts ……………...…. 78
5.1.2 Artifact Classification in Error Maps ……………..………...……...…. 82
5.1.3 Examples …………………………………………………….……...…. 84
5.2 Normalized Compression Distance Based Artifact Detection ……......…..….. 85
5.2.1 Empirical Properties of NCD for Images with Artifacts …………….... 86
5.2.2 Artifact Classification by Similarity ………….…...………...……...…. 88
5.2.3 Examples …………………………………………………….……...…. 90
5.3 New Rate-Distortion Aspects for Artifact Detection ……………………….... 95
5.3.1 Different Approaches for Rate-Distortion Function …………………... 96
5.3.1.1 Complexity-to-Error Migration ……………………..…………... 96
5.3.1.2 The Kolmogorov Structure Function ……….....………………... 107
5.3.2 Artifact Detection with CEM ………………………...……...……...…. 111
5.4 Artifact Detection Using Image Quality Metrics ………………………….... 114
5.4.1 Empirical Analysis of Quality Metrics for Images with Artifacts …….. 114
5.4.2 Artifact Detection by Quality Metrics ……………..………...……...…. 116
5.4.3 Typical Examples …………………………..……..………...……...…. 117
6 Analysis of Results and Quality Metrics Applications 121
6.1 Synthetic Database Description …………..………………...……………..…. 122
6.2 Results ………………………………...…...………………...…...………..…. 124
6.2.1 Comparison of RD and NCD Results ……………………...…...……... 124
6.2.2 Results of Complexity-to-Error Migration Method …….....…...……... 126
6.2.2.1 Use of Baseline JPEG and JPEG-LS ………….………………... 126
6.2.2.2 Use of Baseline JPEG and ZIP ………………….......…………... 129
6.2.2.3 Use of JPEG 2000 and JPEG-LS ……………...…….…...……... 131
6.2.2.4 Use of JPEG 2000 and ZIP ………………….....………...……... 133
6.2.3 Results of Existing Methods Based on Quality Metrics …………..…... 136
6.3 Conclusions for Artifact Detection ………………………...……...…...…….. 137
6.4 The SNCD as a Metrics for Image Quality Assessment ………......…...…….. 139
6.4.1 Database Description ……………………………………...…………... 139
6.4.2 Metrics for Image Quality Assessment ………………………………... 140
6.4.3 Comparison of Metrics ……………………….………………………... 141
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Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts: Application to Satellite Images
6.4.4 Analysis of Results …………………..……….………………………... 142
7 Conclusions and Discussion 153
7.1 Conclusions …………..……………………...……………...……………..…. 153
7.2 Discussion ………………………………...…..……...……...…...………..…. 154
Bibliography 157
List of Publications 169
Avid Román-González 9
Description:Application to Satellite Images. Avid Roman-Gonzalez. To cite this version: Avid Roman-Gonzalez. Compression Based Analysis of Image Artifacts:
