Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography, Volume 1

1174 Pages·2014·96.999 MB·English

by  Navin C. Nanda, M.D.

Comprehensive
Vol. 1
Textbook of Echocardiography
.

Comprehensive
Vol. 1
Textbook of Echocardiography
Editor
Navin C Nanda MD
Distinguished Professor of Medicine and Cardiovascular Disease and
Director, Heart Station/Echocardiography Laboratories
University of Alabama at Birmingham and the University of
Alabama Health Services Foundation
The Kirklin Clinic, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
President, International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound
Under the Aegis of
The International Society of Cardiovascular Ultrasound
and
The Indian Academy of Echocardiography
®
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Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography (Vol. 1)
First Edition: 2014
ISBN 978-93-5090-634-7
Printed at:
Dedicated to
My late parents
Balwant Rai Nanda MD and Mrs Maya Vati Nanda
My wife
Kanta Nanda MD
Our children
Nitin Nanda, Anita Nanda Wasan MD and Anil Nanda MD
Their spouses Sanjeev Wasan MD and Seema Tailor Nanda, and
our grandchildren Vinay and Rajesh Wasan, and Nayna and Ria Nanda

Contributors
Masood Ahmad M D FRCP (C) FACP FACC Manreet Basra MBBS Monodeep Biswas MBBS MD
FAHA FASE Professor of Medicine Division of Cardiology
Division of Cardiology University at Buffalo School of Medicine Geisinger-Community Medical
Department of Internal Medicine and Biological Sciences Center, and The Wright Center for
University of Texas Medical Branch New York, USA Graduate Medical Education
Galveston Texas, USA Scranton, Pennsylvania, USA
Charles E Beale MD
Dheeraj Arora DNB PDCC MNAMS Department of Medicine Steven Bleich MD
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Department of Medicine
Institute of Critical Care and Anesthesia
Stony Brook University Medical Center Division of Internal Medicine
Medanta The Medicity
Stony Brook, New York, USA University of Alabama at Birmingham
Gurgaon, Haryana, India
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Roy Beigel MD
Mohammad Al-Admawi MD
The Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical O Julian Booker MD
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and
Center, Los Angeles, California, USA Division of Cardiovascular Disease
Research Center
The Leviev Heart Center Sheba Medical University of Alabama at Birmingham
Heart Center
Center, Affiliated to the Sackler Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
School of Medicine
Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Eduardo Bossone MD PhD FCCP FESC FACC
Bader Almahdi MD Via Principe Amedeo Lauro (AV), Italy
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Ricardo Benenstein MD Heart Department, University of
Research Center Echocardiography and Vascular Lab Salerno, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”
Heart Center Assistant Professor of Medicine Salerno, Italy
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia New York University School of Medicine Department of Cardiac Surgery IRCCS
New York, New York, USA Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
Ahmed Almomani MBBS
Division of Cardiology Kunal Bhagatwala MBBS Luis Bowen MD
Department of Medicine Division of Cardiovascular Disease Department of Medicine
University of Texas Medical Branch University of Alabama at Birmingham University of Alabama at Birmingham
Galveston, Texas, USA Birmingham, Alabama, USA Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Neeraj Awasthy FNB Aditya Bharadwaj MD Gerald Buckberg MD
Department of Cardiology Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery
Fortis Escorts Heart Institute
Loma Linda University and David Geffen School of Medicine
New Delhi, India
VA Medical Centers University of California-Los Angeles
Loma Linda, California, USA Los Angeles, California, USA
Rula Balluz MD MPH
Heart Center, St Christopher’s Hospital
Aarti H Bhat MBBS Michael J Campbell MD
for Children and
Assistant Professor Department of Pediatrics
Section of Cardiology
Division of Pediatric Cardiology Division of Pediatric Cardiology
Department of Pediatrics, Drexel
Seattle Children’s Hospital and Duke University Medical Center
University College of Medicine University of Washington Durham, North Carolina, USA
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA Seattle, Washington, USA
Premindra PAN Chandraratna MD
Piers Barker MD Nicole Bhave MD FRCP FACC
Department of Pediatrics University Health Network Professor Emeritus
Division of Pediatric Cardiology Toronto General Hospital Division of Cardiology
Duke University Medical Center University of Toronto UC-Irvine School of Medicine
Durham, North Carolina, USA Toronto, Ontario, Canada Irvine, California, USA
viii Comprehensive Textbook of Echocardiography
Leon H Charney Michele D’ Alto MD PhD Daniel Forsha MD
Division of Cardiology Department of Cardiology Department of Pediatrics
New York University Medical Center Second University of Naples: Division of Pediatric Cardiology
New York, New York, USA Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy Duke University Medical Center
Durham, North Carolina, USA
Farooq A Chaudhry M D FACP FACC David Daly MD
FASE FAHA Department of Medicine Gary P Foster MD
Professor of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Cardiology
Director, Echocardiography Laboratories Birmingham, Alabama, USA Loma Linda University and
Associate Director, Mount Sinai Heart VA Medical Centers, Loma Linda
Network, Icahn School of Medicine at Hisham Dokainish M D FRCPC California, USA
Mount Sinai, Zena and Michael A Wiener Associate Professor of Medicine
Cardiovascular Institute and
McMaster University Leon J Frazin MD
Marie-Josée and Henry R Kravis Center
Director of Echocardiography and
University of Illinois Hospital & Health
for Cardiovascular Health
Medical Diagnostic Units
Science System
New York, New York, USA
Hamilton Health Sciences
Jesse Brown VA Medical Center
Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
Chicago, Illinois, USA
Preeti Chaurasia MD
Division of Cardiovascular Disease Maximiliano German
University of Alabama at Birmingham Naveen Garg MBBS Dip. Cardiology
Amado Escañuela MD
Birmingham, Alabama Fellow, Noninvasive Cardiac Lab
Division of Cardiovascular Disease
Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Reema Chugh MD FACC New Delhi, India
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Consultant in Cardiology/Specialist in
Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Luna Gargani MD
Bahaa M Fadel MD
Heart Disease in Pregnancy Institute of Clinical Physiology
King Faisal Specialist Hospital and
Kaiser Permanente Medical Center National Research Council
Research Center
Panorama City, California, USA Pisa, Italy
Heart Center
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Krishnaswamy Chandrasekaran MD Eleonora Gashi DO MPhil
Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
Rochester, Minnesota, USA Abid Ali Fakhri MD Senior Cardiology Fellow
Lenox Hill Hospital
Fellow, Division of Cardiology
Non-Invasive Cardiology
Michael Chen MD Allegheny General Hospital
New York, New York, USA
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
University of Washington
Seattle, Washington DC, USA
Francesco Faletra MD Robert P Gatewood Jr MD FACC
HK Chopra MD Division of Cardiology Chief of Cardiac Services
Moolchand City Hospital Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino Kaleida Heath; Clinical Associate
New Delhi, India Lugano, Switzerland Professor of Medicine
University at Buffalo School of
Cecil Coghlan MD Francesco Ferrara MD Medicine and Biological Sciences
Buffalo Cardiology and Pulmonary
Division of Cardiovascular Disease Heart Department, University of Salerno
Associates, Main Street Williamsville
University of Alabama at Birmingham “Scuola Medica Salernitana”
New York, USA
Birmingham, Alabama, USA Salerno, Italy
Department of Internal Medicine and
Neil L Coplan MD FACC Cardiovascular Sciences Shuping Ge MD FAAP FACC FASE
Director, Division of Clinical Cardiology University “Federico II” of Naples Chief, Section of Cardiology
Program Director, Cardiovascular Naples, Italy St Christopher’s Hospital for Children
Fellowship, Lenox Hill Hospital Associate Professor of Pediatrics
New York, USA Brandon Fornwalt MD PhD Drexel University College of Medicine
Assistant Professor of Pediatrics Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
David Cosgrove MD Department of Pediatrics Acting Chair, Pediatric Cardiology
Honorary Consultant University of Kentucky Deborah Heart and Lung Center
Imperial and King's Colleges, London, UK Lexington, Kentucky, USA Browns Mills, New Jersey, USA
Contributors ix
Gopal Ghimire MD DM MRCP Donald Hagler MD Rachel Hughes-Doichev MD FASE
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Mayo Clinic Temple University School of Medicine
University of Alabama at Birmingham Rochester, Minnesota, USA Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Stephanie El-Hajj MD Arzu Ilercil MD
Nina Ghosh MD Department of Internal Medicine Associate Professor of Medicine
Louisiana State University Health Department of Cardiovascular Sciences
Division of Cardiovascular Medicine
Sciences Center University of South Florida
Brigham and Women’s Hospital
Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA Tampa, Florida, USA
Harvard Medical School
Francis Street
Kamran Haleem MD Trevor Jenkins MD
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Yale University Harrington Heart and
New Haven, Connecticut, USA Vascular Institute
Edward Gill MD University Hospital Case
Professor of Medicine and Medical Center, Cleveland
Dan G Halpern MD
Cardiology, University of Washington Ohio, USA
St Luke’s-Roosevelt Hospital Center
Seattle, Washington DC, USA
Columbia University, College of
Madhavi Kadiyala MD
Physicians and Surgeons
Rohit Gokhale MBBS New York, New York, USA Saint Francis Hospital, Roslyn
University at Buffalo New York, USA
Buffalo, New York, USA Rachel Harris MD MPH
Arshad Kamel MD
Morehouse School of Medicine
Aasha S Gopal MS MD FACC FAHA FASE Section of Cardiology Department of Medicine
University of Alabama at Huntsville
Associate Professor of Medicine Assistant Professor
Huntsville, Alabama, USA
Stony Brook University Echo Lab Co-Director
Stony Brook, New York, USA Grady Memorial Hospital
Abdallah Kamouh MD
Director, Advanced Echocardiography Atlanta, Georgia, USA
University of Buffalo
St Francis Hospital, Washington Blvd
Buffalo, New York, USA
Roslyn, New York, USA Christine Henri MD
Department of Cardiology
Poonam Malhotra Kapoor MD
Willem Gorissen Heart Valve Disease Clinic
All India Institute of
CHU Sart Tilman, University of
Clinical Market Manager
Medical Sciences
Liège, Belgium
Toshiba Medical Systems Europe New Delhi, India
Zoetermeer, The Netherlands
Julien IE Hoffman MD
Kanwal K Kapur MD
Department of Pediatrics
Luis Gruberg MD FACC DM Cardiology, Sr Consultant and Chief
University of California
Department of Medicine Noninvasive Cardiology
San Francisco, California, USA
Division of Cardiovascular Diseases Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
Stony Brook University Medical Center New Delhi, India
Stony Brook, New York, USA Brian D Hoit MD Department of Noninvasive Cardiology
Director of Echocardiography Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals
Harrington Heart & Vascular Center New Delhi, India
Rakesh Gupta MD University Hospitals of Cleveland
JROP Healthcare Texas, USA Nidhi M Karia MBBS
New Delhi, India
Division of Cardiovascular Disease
Steven J Horn MD FACC FASE FASNC University of Alabama at Birmingham
Fadi G Hage MD SUNY Buffalo Birmingham, Alabama, USA
Division of Cardiovascular Disease Buffalo, New York, USA
University of Alabama at Birmingham Jarosław D Kasprzak MD
Birmingham, Alabama, USA Ming Chon Hsiung MD Chair and Department of Cardiology
Section of Cardiology, Birmingham Cardiologist Biegański Hospital
Veteran’s, Administration Medical Center Cheng Hsin General Hospital Medical University of Lodz
Birmingham, Alabama, USA Taipei, Taiwan Lodz, Poland