Comprehension of Amplify-and-Forward Relay Networks

188 Pages·2014·1.71 MB·English

by  Kanghee Lee

COMPREHENSION OF AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD RELAY NETWORKS

A Dissertation by
Kanghee Lee
Master of Science, Wichita State University, 2007
Bachelor of Science, Republic of Korea Air Force Academy, 1996

Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
and the faculty of the Graduate School of
Wichita State University
in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy

May 2014
© Copyright 2014 by Kanghee Lee
All Rights Reserved

Note that dissertation work is protected by copyright, with all rights reserved. Only the author has the legal right
to publish, produce, sell, or distribute this work. Author permission is needed for others to directly quote
significant amounts of information in their own work or to summarize substantial amounts of information in their
own work. Limited amounts of information cited, paraphrased, or summarized from the work may be used with
proper citation of where to find the original work.
COMPREHENSION OF AMPLIFY-AND-FORWARD RELAY NETWORKS

The following faculty members have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and
content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the
degree of Doctor of Philosophy with a major in Electrical Engineering.

_________________________________________
Hyuck M. Kwon, Committee Chair

_________________________________________
M. Edwin Sawan, Committee Member

_________________________________________
Ward T. Jewell, Committee Member

_________________________________________
Xiaomi Hu, Committee Member

_________________________________________
Visvakumar Aravinthan, Committee Member

Accepted for the College of Engineering

____________________________________
Royce Bowden, Dean

Accepted for the Graduate School

____________________________________
Abu S. M. Masud, Interim Dean

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DEDICATION

To my parents and my children for their love, support, and encouragement

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Since I began studying at Wichita State University, I have been indebted to many people
for their advice, guidance, and support throughout my graduate studies. This dissertation is
dedicated to all of them.
Above all, I cordially express my deepest appreciation to Dr. Hyuck M. Kwon, my ideal
major advisor, for his academic advice and patience during the course of my Ph.D. research. His
guidance with criticism and understanding has made me progress to this end in a delightful
manner. His enthusiasm towards work and his insights into research have made him a creative
role model. In particular, I express my appreciation and gratitude to Dr. M. Edwin Sawan as my
minor advisor as well as one of my valuable committee members. I am very grateful for his
many years of thoughtful and patient guidance, wisdom, suggestions, and unceasing support. I
also express my sincere appreciation to Dr. John Watkins, Chair of the Department of Electrical
Engineering and Computer Science at Wichita State University, for his valuable support since
the beginning of my Ph.D. studies.
Additionally, I give sincere thanks to my committee members: Dr. Ward T. Jewell, Dr.
Visvakumar Aravinthan, and Dr. Xiaomi Hu. Their invaluable comments and encouragement
during all stages of this dissertation have played a very important role in my Ph.D. degree. I am
very grateful to Judie Dansby, senior administrative assistants in the department, for their
valuable help with my paperwork during my study. In particular, I also give special thanks to
Kristie Bixby for her expertise and professional proofreading in editing my dissertation,
including all of my journal and conference papers.
My appreciation and thanks are extended to all of my close colleagues, with whom it has
been the most pleasant journey in my life. In particular, Dr. Yanwu Ding, Dr. Tooran Emami,
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Yazan Ibdah, Hyunggi Kim, Sangku Lee, Lun Li, Jie Yang, Yu Bi, Zuojun Wang, Wenhao
Xiong, Shuang Feng, Kenny Wong, and Mansik Jo have been of great assistance in my Ph.D.
research. Finally, I extend my warmest gratitude to my parents and especially to my children,
who have always been my source of love, joy, and strength.
Further, I express my deepest appreciation to my military supervisor Colonel Inha Hyun,
for his encouragement regarding my doctoral leave of absence from the Republic of Korea Air
Force. Last, but not least, I thank my friend Youngseok Lee, who has provided my family with
many kinds of helps and supports during my graduate studies.

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ABSTRACT

This dissertation comprehensively studies diverse cooperative and noncooperative
amplify-and-forward (AF) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless relay networks.
Various gain matrices and vectors, such as relay amplifying matrices and beamforming vectors,
are determined by using diverse criterions, such as minimum mean square error (MMSE),
maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), zero-forcing (ZF), and achievable rate (AR). In addition,
multiple power constraints are considered in the optimization problems during data transmission.
Moreover, both certain and uncertain channel state information (CSI) are considered as well. In
particular, both one- and two-way AF MIMO relay networks are studied.
Furthermore, by adopting the derived optimum gain matrices and vectors, cost functions
(CFs), total transmitted relay power, total signal component power (SCP) at the destinations,
ARs, and equalizers at the destinations are compared to each other for different cases. In
particular, the minimization MSE CF criterion for the efficient relay selection scheme is
proposed in this dissertation. This work also shows the relationship between the mutual
information (MI) in nats and the MMSE with unit power of the transmitted signal for one- and
two-way AF relay networks. Finally, this dissertation verifies the analytical results through
MMSE, bit error rate (BER), and AR simulations of both optimum one-way and two-way
distributed AF wireless relay networks.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter Page

1. INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................1

1.1 Wireless Relay Network ..........................................................................................1
1.1.1 Cooperative Wireless Relay Network ..........................................................2
1.1.2 Noncooperative Wireless Relay Network ....................................................2
1.2 Wireless Relay Strategies ........................................................................................3
1.2.1 Amplify-and-Forward ..................................................................................3
1.2.2 Decode-and-Forward ...................................................................................4
1.2.3 Compress-and-Forward................................................................................5
1.3 Gain Matrices and Vectors .......................................................................................5
1.4 Two-Way Relaying ..................................................................................................7
1.5 Power Constraint ......................................................................................................9
1.5.1 Transmit Power Constraint ..........................................................................9
1.5.2 Receive Power Constraint ............................................................................9
1.5.3 No Power Constraint ..................................................................................10
1.6 Channel Uncertainty ..............................................................................................10
1.7 Relay Selection ......................................................................................................11
1.8 Motivation ..............................................................................................................12
1.9 Contributions..........................................................................................................15
1.10 Organization ...........................................................................................................17

2. ONE-WAY COOPERATIVE DISTRIBUTED AF MIMO RELAY NETWORK ...........19

2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................19
2.2 System Model and Data Transmission ..................................................................20
2.3 Cooperative Wireless Relay Schemes ...................................................................23
2.3.1 Minimum Mean Square Error Relay Scheme ............................................23
2.3.1.1 Transmit Power Constraint ........................................................23
2.3.1.2 Receive Power Constraint ..........................................................25
2.3.1.3 No Power Constraint ..................................................................26
2.3.2 Zero-Forcing Relay Scheme ......................................................................27
2.4 Cost Function Behavior .........................................................................................30
2.5 Signal Component Power of Received Signals at Destinations.............................34
2.6 Relay Selection ......................................................................................................38
2.7 Simulation Results .................................................................................................39
2.7.1 Assumptions ...............................................................................................39
2.7.2 Analysis of Simulation ...............................................................................39
2.8 Conclusions ............................................................................................................48

3. ONE-WAY NONCOOPERATIVE DISTRIBUTED AF MIMO RELAY NETWORK ....50

3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................50
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Chapter Page

3.2 System Model and Data Transmission ..................................................................51
3.3 Noncooperative Distributed AF Relay Strategies ..................................................53
3.4 Analysis and Discussion ........................................................................................54
3.4.1 Equalization Factor ....................................................................................54
3.4.2 Relay Amplifying Matrix ...........................................................................55
3.4.3 Minimum Mean Square Error Cost Function Behavior .............................56
3.4.4 No Power Constraint ..................................................................................56
3.4.5 Channel Uncertainty ..................................................................................57
3.5 Simulation Results .................................................................................................60
2.7.1 Assumptions ...............................................................................................60
2.7.2 Analysis of Simulation ...............................................................................60
3.6 Conclusions ............................................................................................................67

4. ONE-WAY NONCOOPERATIVE AF MIMO DISTRIBUTED RELAY NETWORK ....69

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................69
4.2 System Model and Data Transmission ..................................................................70
4.3 BFMSE Strategies ..................................................................................................73
4.3.1 Transmit Power Constraint ........................................................................73
4.3.2 Aggregate Power Constraint ......................................................................78
4.4 BFSVD Strategies ..................................................................................................79
4.4.1 Eigen Beamforming ...................................................................................79
4.4.1.1 Maximization Signal-to-Noise Ratio Criterion ..........................79
4.4.1.2 Zero-Forcing Criterion ...............................................................81
4.4.2 Equal Gain Beamforming ..........................................................................82
4.4.2.1 Maximization Signal-to-Noise Ratio Criterion ..........................82
4.4.2.2 Zero-Forcing Criterion ...............................................................83
4.5 Analysis and Discussion ........................................................................................84
4.5.1 Equalization Factor ....................................................................................84
4.5.1.1 Transmit Power Constraint ........................................................84
4.5.1.2 Aggregate Power Constraint ......................................................84
4.5.2 Relay Amplifying Matrix Behavior ...........................................................85
4.5.2.1 Transmit Power Constraint ........................................................85
4.5.2.2 Aggregate Power Constraint ......................................................86
4.5.3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio Behavior .................................................................87
4.5.4 Minimum Mean Square Error Cost Function Behavior .............................88
4.5.5 Relationship between and .................................................88
4.6 Simulation Results .................................................................................................89
4.6.1 Assumptions ...............................................................................................89
4.6.2 Iterative Algorithm.....................................................................................89
4.6.3 Analysis of Simulation ...............................................................................90
4.7 Conclusions ............................................................................................................96
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TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Chapter Page

5. TWO-WAY NONCOOPERATIVE AF MIMO DISTRIBUTED RELAY NETWORK .....98

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................98
5.2 System Model and Data Transmission ................................................................100
5.3 AF Beamforming Strategies ................................................................................102
5.4 Analysis and Discussion ......................................................................................106
5.4.1 Equalization Factors.................................................................................106
5.4.2 Signal-to-Noise Ratio Behavior ...............................................................107
5.4.3 Minimum Mean Square Error Cost Function Behavior ...........................107
5.4.4 Eigen Beamforming Vectors....................................................................108
5.5 Simulation Results ...............................................................................................109
5.5.1 Assumptions .............................................................................................109
5.5.2 Iterative Algorithm...................................................................................110
5.5.3 Analysis of Simulation .............................................................................111
5.6 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................116

6. NONCOOPERATIVE AF HD AND FD DISTRIBUTED RELAY NETWORS...........118

6.1 Introduction ..........................................................................................................118
6.2 System Model and Data Transmission ................................................................119
6.2.1 AF Half-Duplex Distributed Relay Network with Direct Link ...............119
6.2.2 AF Full-Duplex Distributed Relay Network with Direct Link ................121
6.3 AF Half-Duplex and Full-Duplex Minimum Mean Square Error Strategies ......122
6.3.1 Half-Duplex Minimum Mean Square Error Strategy ..............................123
6.3.2 Full-Duplex Minimum Mean Square Error Strategy ...............................126
6.4 Analysis and Discussion ......................................................................................128
6.4.1 Achievable Rate Behavior .......................................................................128
6.4.1.1 AF Half-Duplex Distributed Relay System .............................128
6.4.1.2 AF Full-Duplex Distributed Relay System ..............................128
6.4.2 Minimum Mean Square Error Cost Function Behavior ...........................129
6.4.2.1 AF Half-Duplex Distributed Relay System .............................129
6.4.2.2 AF Full-Duplex Distributed Relay System ..............................129
6.5 Simulation Results ...............................................................................................130
6.5.1 Assumptions .............................................................................................130
6.5.2 Iterative Algorithm...................................................................................130
6.5.3 Analysis of Simulation .............................................................................131
6.6 Conclusions ..........................................................................................................134

7. CONCLUSIONS..............................................................................................................135

7.1 Summary ..............................................................................................................135

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