Complications in Uveitis: Includes Digital Download

276 Pages·2020·8.824 MB·English

by  Francesco Pichi (editor), Piergiorgio Neri (editor)

Complications
in Uveitis
Francesco Pichi
Piergiorgio Neri
Editors
123
Complications in Uveitis
Francesco Pichi • Piergiorgio Neri
Editors
Complications in Uveitis
Editors
Francesco Pichi Piergiorgio Neri
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
Eye Institute Eye Institute
Abu Dhabi Abu Dhabi
United Arab Emirates United Arab Emirates
Case Western Reserve University Case Western Reserve University
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College Cleveland Clinic Lerner College
of Medicine of Medicine
Cleveland Cleveland
USA USA
ISBN 978-3-030-28391-9 ISBN 978-3-030-28392-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28392-6
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
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“Here’s a sigh to those who love me,
And a smile to those who hate;
And whatever sky’s above me,
Here’s a heart for every fate”
—“To Thomas Moore”, Lord Byron
“Talent hits a target no one else can hit;
Genius hits a target no one else can see.”
—Arthur Schopenhauer
Foreword
Complication: Latin—to fold together. Complex combination or intricate
intermingling
Medicine—a secondary disease, accident or adverse reaction that aggravates an
already existing disease
The myriad complications associated with uveitis involve every anatomical part
of the eye and surrounding structures. It is a herculean task to not only document
and describe these associated complications, but perhaps more importantly to offer
concise management options for these often problematic and sometimes devastating
problems.
Dr. Pichi and Dr. Neri have put together a book that offers an excellent road map
to enable us to diagnose and treat the secondary complications of uveitis. They have
been able to “unfold” this complex intermingling of multiple problems providing
the practitioner a road map to forecast, to recognize and to appropriately treat these
sequelae. Dr. Pichi and Dr. Neri have assembled an excellent group of subspecialists
who tackle the complex and often frustrating problem of managing uveitic compli-
cations by subdividing these complications anatomically. It is thus easier to diag-
nose the occurrence of these complications and then be able to offer an appropriate
algorithm for treatment. Kudos to Dr. Pichi and Dr. Neri and their co-authors for
addressing these complex problems in a concise and organized manner.
Allen Z. Verne
Founding Member of the
American Society of Retina Specialists
vii
Contents
Part I C ornea Complications in Uveitis
1 Band Keratopathy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Alfonso Iovieno, Tony Ng, and Sonia N. Yeung
2 Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency in Inflammatory Disorders . . . . . . . . . . 13
Paolo Rama
3 Herpetic Corneal Opacities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Luigi Fontana
Part II I ris Complications in Uveitis
4 Iris Complications in Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Alexander Chen, Careen Y. Lowder, and Angela Bessette
Part III Lens Complications from Uveitis
5 Lens Complications in Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Jennifer Lee and Debra A. Goldstein
6 The Repair of Dislocated Intraocular Lenses and the Placement of
Secondary Intraocular Lenses in the Setting of Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Jason A. Goldsmith, Albert T. Vitale, Nick Mamalis,
Arwa M. Alsamarae, and Alan S. Crandall
Part IV C iliary Processes Complications from Uveitis
7 Ciliary Processes Complications from Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Ilir Arapi, Piergiorgio Neri, Vilma Mema,
Biljana Kuzmanovic Eljaber, Vittorio Pirani, and Alfonso Giovannini
ix
x Contents
Part V Glaucoma Complications in Uveitis
8 Hypertensive Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Francesco Pichi and Scott D. Smith
9 Medical and Surgical Management of Uveitic Glaucoma . . . . . . . . . . 127
Rajesh Sasikumar and Piergiorgio Neri
Part VI I nflammatory Choroidal Neovascular Membranes
and Inflammatory Deposits Complicating Uveitis
10 Inflammatory Choroidal Vascular Membranes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Assaf Hilely, Adrian Au, and David Sarraf
11 Treatment of Inflammatory Choroidal Neovascular Membranes . . . 159
Piergiorgio Neri
Part VII Cystoid Macular Edema Complicating Uveitis
12 Pathophysiology of Uveitic Macular Edema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Ilaria Testi, Andres Rousselot, Rupesh Agrawal, and Carlos Pavesio
13 Differential Diagnosis of Uveitic Macular Edema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
Ilaria Testi, Andres Rousselot, Rupesh Agrawal, and Carlos Pavesio
14 Multimodal Imaging of Uveitic Macular Edema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Ilaria Testi, Andres Rousselot, Rupesh Agrawal, and Carlos Pavesio
15 Treatment of Uveitic Macular Edema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
Ilaria Testi, Andres Rousselot, Rupesh Agrawal, and Carlos Pavesio
16 Epiretinal Membranes and Subretinal Fibrosis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
Blanca C. Flores-Sánchez and Lyndon da Cruz
Part VIII Retinal Detachment Secondary to Uveitis
17 Retinal Detachment in Uveitis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Arjun B. Sood and Sumit Sharma
18 Surgical Considerations in the Uveitic Patient . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
Parisa Emami and Sunil K. Srivastava
Part IX I nvasive Technique for Diagnosis of Complications in Uveitis
19 The Role of Endoscopy in Uveitic Eyes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Nicolas A. Yannuzzi, Yale Fisher, and Thomas Albini
20 Retinal and Choroidal Biopsies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Rehan M. Hussain, Thomas A. Albini, and Harry W. Flynn Jr.
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
Part I
Cornea Complications in Uveitis
Chapter 1
Band Keratopathy
Alfonso Iovieno, Tony Ng, and Sonia N. Yeung
Introduction
The term band keratopathy refers to band-shaped superficial corneal degeneration
that usually involves the interpalpebral area. The degeneration can occur in calcific
and non-calcific forms. The disease most commonly intended as band keratopathy
implies calcium deposition in the superficial layers of the cornea. Non-calcific
superficial corneal depositions, such as those in climatic droplet keratopathy or in
the context of gout from urate depositions, are not going to be further discussed in
this chapter.
Pathogenesis
Ever since its first description by Dixon in 1948, the disease has remained some-
what mysterious in its pathogenesis [1, 2].
The initial histologic change observed in corneas with band keratopathy is baso-
philic staining of the epithelial basement membrane, reflecting early calcific change
(Fig. 1.1a). This is followed by overt calcium depositions at the level of Bowman
layer and the anterior most layers of the stroma. Later changes include Bowman
layer fragmentation, deposition of hyaline material within fragmented Bowman layer
and corneal fibrosis (Fig. 1.1b) [1, 3]. The calcium granules are commonly extracel-
A. Iovieno (*) · S. N. Yeung
Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia,
Vancouver, BC, Canada
T. Ng
Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 3
F. Pichi, P. Neri (eds.), Complications in Uveitis,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28392-6_1