Complex Systems in the Social and Behavioral Sciences: Theory, Method and Application

452 Pages·2021·2.88 MB·English

by  L. Douglas Kiel, Euel W. Elliott

Complex Systems
I N T H E
Social and Behavioral
Sciences
THEORY, METHOD AND APPLICATION
Euel Elliott and L. Douglas Kiel,
EDITORS
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Complex Systems in the Social and Behavioral Sciences
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Complex Systems in the Social
and Behavioral Sciences
Theory, Method and Application
Euel Elliott and L. Douglas Kiel
University of Michigan Press
Ann Arbor
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Copyright © 2021 by Euel Elliott and L. Douglas Kiel
All rights reserved
For questions or permissions, please contact [email protected]
Published in the United States of America by the
University of Michigan Press
Manufactured in the United States of America
Printed on acid- free paper
First published June 2021
A CIP catalog record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978- 0- 472- 07488- 4 (hardcover: alk. paper)
ISBN 978- 0- 472- 05488- 6 (paper: alk. paper)
ISBN 978- 0- 472- 12892- 1 (ebook)
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Contents
List of figures vii
List of tables xi
Introduction 1
Euel Elliott and L. Douglas Kiel
Part 1 Social Systems Levels and Complexity 31
1. Group Dynamics: Adaptation, Coordination and
Synchronization 33
Stephen J. Guastello
2. Complexity Science and the Organization
Sciences: 1999– 2018 64
Kevin J. Dooley
3. Complexity Science and the Study of Armed Conflict:
A Narrative Review 83
Maxime H.T. Stauffer
Part 2 Complexity, Computation and Artificial Intelligence 109
4. Novelty Production and Evolvability in Digital Genomic
Agents: Logical Foundations and Policy Design Implications of
Complex Adaptive Systems 111
Sheri M. Markose
5. The Game of Go: Bounded Rationality and Artificial
Intelligence 157
Cassey Lee
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vi Contents
Part 3 Simulating Complexity: Agent- Based Modeling 181
6. Agent- Based Modeling: Challenges and Prospects 183
L. Douglas Kiel, John McCaskill, James Harrington
and Euel Elliott
7. An Agent- Based Model of Obesity and Policy
Implications 204
Saikou Y. Diallo, Christopher J. Lynch, Jose J. Padilla
and Ross Gore
Part 4 Scaling and Self- Organization 239
8. It’s About Time 241
Bruce J. West
9. Lessons from Collective Intelligence 263
William Sulis
Part 5 Philosophy of Science and Epistemology 299
10. Philosophy of Science, Network Theory and Conceptual
Change: Paradigm Shifts as Information Cascades 301
Patrick Grim, Joshua Kavner, Lloyd Shatkin
and Manjari Trivedi
11. Complexity and Knowledge 326
J. Barkley Rosser, Jr.
12. Biological Hypercomputation: Social and Political
Implications 343
Carlos Eduardo Maldonado
References 365
Contributors 415
Index 421
Digital materials related to this title can be found on the Fulcrum platform
via the following citable URL: https://doi.org/10.3998/mpub.10155018
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Figures
1.1 Twin Curves for Implicit and Explicit Learning Dynamics with
Chaotic Onset and Asymptotic Stability at the Conclusion of a
Self- Organizing Process 45
1.2 Coordination Acquisition during Four Rounds of an Intersection
Task with Verbal and Nonverbal Conditions 47
1.3 Electrodermal Time Series From a Group of Seven Experimental
Emergency Response Team Members Competing Against One
Opponent (GSR 8) 56
4.1 Gödel Meta- Representation (Rogers 1967) and Mirror Systems
in Immuno- Cognitive Systems 127
4.2 Gödel Incompleteness Result in Miniature: An Illustration of
Mirror Mapping in Thymus Medulla of Gene Codes that are
Theorems in Genomic Systems 130
4.3 Price Trends and Winner Determination 143
4.4 The Structure of the European Exchange Rate Currency Peg.
Exchange Rates Against the Deutschemark for the Belgian Franc,
French Franc, Danish Krone and British Pound Sterling, July
1992– July 1995 (indexed at 100 from July 1992) 148
5.1 Tree Diagram for Player 1’s First Move for a 9x9 Go Board 166
5.2 Tree Diagram for the First Moves of Players 1 and 2 for a
9x9 Go Board 167
5.3 Go and Cellular Automata 171
5.4 Four Classes of Cellular Automata 172
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viii Figures
7.1 Heat Map of Experimental Results Examining Calories in and
Energy Expenditure 228
7.2 The Results of Thirty- Year Projections for States with High
(Alabama and West Virginia), Medium (Minnesota), and Low
(Colorado) Levels of Overweight and Obese Populations 230
7.3 A Thirty- Year Projection of the Percentage of Nebraska Residents
that are Overweight and Obese 234
8.1 The Average Heart Rate in Beats per Minute for 16 Animals:
From the Fastest— Hamsters— to the Slowest— Large Whales—
with Humans in the Center of a Logarithmic Scale 244
8.2 Regular Transition between the Two States of the Individual in
Operational Time (Upper Curve) and the Subordination of the
Transition Times to an IPL PDF to Obtain Chronological Time
(Lower Curve) 257
10.1 Modeling Progressive Integration within a Network 304
10.2 Spreading Falsification within a Popperian Model 305
10.3 Distribution of Cascade Sizes in Popperian Networks of
Characteristic Degree 0.5 (Top) and 1 (Bottom) 306
10.4 Distribution of Cascade Sizes in Popperian Networks of
Characteristic Degree 1.5 (Top) and 2 (Bottom) 307
10.5 Formation of a Giant Component as a Percentage of a Network at
Different Degrees within an Undirected Random Network 308
10.6 Cascades of Fully Tipped Nodes in a Kuhnian Network
of Characteristic Degree 1, with One Anomaly Passed to
Neighboring Nodes at Threshold 310
10.7 Cascades of Fully Tipped Nodes in Kuhnian Networks of
Characteristic Degree 2 (Top), 3 (Middle) and 4 (Bottom), with
One Anomaly Passed to Neighboring Nodes at Threshold 312
10.8 Cascades of Affected Nodes in Kuhnian Networks of
Characteristic Degree 1, 2, 4 and 6 (from top to bottom), with
Full Anomaly Thresholds Passed to Neighboring Nodes 313
10.9 Scientific Change within a Popperian Model over Time 315