Complementary and Alternative Therapies and the Aging Population: An Evidence-Based Approach

622 Pages·2008·3.37 MB·English

by  Ronald Ross Watson

Complementary and Alternative
Therapies in the Aging Population
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Complementary and
Alternative Therapies in
the Aging Population
Edited by
Ronald Ross Watson
AMSTERDAM • BOSTON • HEIDELBERG • LONDON
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08 09 10 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Biography xxiii
Chapter1 Botanical and Marine Oils for
Treatment of Arthritis 1
Robert B. Zurier and Ronald G. Rossetti
CLINICAL TRIALS OF GLA THERAPY IN RA PATIENTS 7
CLINICAL TRIALS OF FISH OIL IN RA PATIENTS 9
LIPIDS AND LUPUS 10
REFERENCES 11
Chapter 2 Prolotherapy for Chronic
Musculoskeletal Pain 15
David Rabago
INTRODUCTION 16
CURRENT PROLOTHERAPY USE 16
IN VITRO AND ANIMAL MODEL EVIDENCE 17
CLINICAL TRAIL EVIDENCE 18
CASE REPORTS, CASE SERIES AND
NON-RANDOMIZED STUDIES 18
CASE SERIES AND NON-RANDOMIZED PROLOTHERAPY
STUDIES FOR LOW BACK PAIN 32
CLINICAL TRIALS ASSESSING PROLOTHERAPY
FOR LOW BACK PAIN 33
CLINICAL TRIALS ASSESSING PROLOTHERAPY
FOR TENDINOPATHIES 34
CLINICAL TRIALS ASSESSING
PROLOTHERAPY FOR OSTEOARTHRITIS 35
ADVERSE EFFECTS OF PROLOTHERAPY 37
PROLOTHERAPY RESEARCH 37
CLINICAL RECOMMENDATIONS 38
REFERENCES 38
v
vi Contents
Chapter 3 Soy and Cognition in the Aging Population 45
Lauren L. Drogos, Stacie Geller and Pauline M. Maki
INTRODUCTION 45
USE OF SOY AND SOY ISOFLAVONES 46
ESTROGEN, SOY AND BRAIN FUNCTION 46
COGNITIVE-ENHANCING EFFECTS OF ESTROGEN 47
COGNITIVE-ENHANCING EFFECTS OF SOY IN WOMEN 49
EVIDENCE THAT MALES MAY NOT BENEFIT
FROM SOY 52
GENERAL SUMMARY 53
REFERENCES 53
Chapter 4 Valerian and Other CAM Botanicals in
Treatment of Sleep Disturbances 57
Diana M. Taibi and Carol A. Landis
SLEEP AND AGING 58
Insomnia 58
Advanced Sleep Phase Disorder (ASPD) 60
Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep
(PLMS) and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) 60
Sleep Disordered Breathing 60
Consequences of Sleep Disturbances
in Older Adults 61
HERBS USED AS SLEEP AIDS
(COMMISSION E RECOMMENDED) 61
Valerian 61
Hops 64
LemonBalm 65
Lavender 65
OTHER HERBS USED AS SLEEP AIDS 66
Passion Flower 66
Kava 67
Chamomile 68
NON-BOTANICAL SUPPLEMENTS 68
Melatonin 68
L-tryptophan and 5-HTP 70
GENERAL SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
FOR OLDER ADULTS 71
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 72
REFERENCES 72
Chapter 5 Botanicals and Nutrition in the
Treatment of Epilepsy 83
Siegward-M. Elsas
INTRODUCTION 83
WESTERN HERBAL MEDICINE 84
Contents vii
Ginkgo biloba 84
Marijuana 85
Passionfl ower 85
TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE (TCM) 86
Piper nigrum/Antiepilepsirine 86
AYURVEDIC MEDICINE 87
ANTHROPOSOPHIC MEDICINE AND HOMEOPATHY 87
Viscum 87
Belladonna and Hyoscyamus 87
BufoRana 88
Arnica 88
NUTRITIONAL APPROACHES TO EPILEPSY 88
Ketogenic Diet 88
Modifi ed Atkins Diet 88
GABA 89
Progesterone 89
Melatonin 90
Taurine 90
Pyridoxine 90
Magnesium 91
Zinc 91
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 91
REFERENCES 91
Chapter 6 G inkgo biloba Extract in Prevention
of Age-Associated Diseases in
Elderly Population 97
Yuan Luo and Zhiming Cao
INTRODUCTION 97
AGE-DEPENDENT DEGENERATIVE
DISEASES IN ELDERLY 98
CURRENT THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS FOR AD 99
GINKGO BILOBA EXTRACT EGB 761 99
EGB 761 EXTENDS LIFE SPAN, DELAYS
SACROPENIA AND Aß-INDUCED TOXICITY
IN EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS 101
CLINICAL EVIDENCE SUPPORTING
EFFICACY OF EGB 761 IN AD DEMENTIA 106
EGB COMPARED WITH THE FIRST LINE
DRUG FOR AD (ARICEPT) 107
“AN OZ PREVENTION IS WORTH A POND OF
CURE”: THE ONGOING PREVENTION TRIAL FOR
EGB 761 ON DEMENTIA 108
SIDE EFFECTS AND QUALITY ISSUE OF EGB 761 110
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 111
REFERENCES 111
viii Contents
Chapter 7 Policosanol to Manage Dyslipidemia
in Older Adults 117
Barbara Swanson and Joyce Keithley
PHARMACOLOGICAL PROFILE 117
Chemistry 117
Mechanism of Action 118
Pharmacokinetics 119
Toxicity 119
DrugInteractions 120
REVIEW OF STUDIES 121
Overview of Older Studies/Systematic Reviews 121
Review of Recent Studies: 2004–2007 121
Studies of Older Adults 125
IMPLICATIONS FOR OLDER ADULTS 129
CONCLUSIONS 130
REFERENCES 130
Chapter 8 Health Promoting Benefi ts of
Chamomile in the Elderly Population 135
Janmejai K. Srivastava and Sanjay Gupta
INTRODUCTION 136
HISTORY OF CHAMOMILE 136
PLANT DESCRIPTION AND NOMENCLATURE 137
CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF CHAMOMILE 137
CHAMOMILE PREPARATIONS AND THEIR
COMMON USES 138
Dry Powder of Heads 138
StandardizedExtract 138
OralInfusion 139
Tea Preparation 139
Tincture 139
Poultice 139
Herb Beers and Lotion 140
BathAdditive 140
Gargle 140
Inhalation 140
ChamomileWine 140
Chamomile Vapor Bath 140
HomeopathicMedicine 141
Aromatherapy and Massage Oil 141
CosmeticPreparations 141
DosageRecommendation 141
USE OF CHAMOMILE IN TRADITIONAL PRACTICE 142
USE OF CHAMOMILE BASED ON SCIENTIFIC
EVIDENCE 142
Common Cold 142
CardiovascularConditions 143
Contents ix
Colic/DiarrheaConditions 143
Eczema 144
GastrointestinalConditions 144
Hemorrhagic Cystitis Conditions 145
Hemorrhoids 145
HealthPromotion 145
Infl ammatory Conditions 145
Mucositis 146
Osteoporosis 146
SleepAid/Sedation 146
SoreThroat/Hoarseness 147
Vaginitis 148
Wound Healing 148
AnticancerActivity 148
Quality of Life in Cancer Patients 149
ADVERSE EFFECTS, ALLERGIC REACTIONS,
AND SAFETY ISSUES 149
CONCLUSIONS 150
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 151
REFERENCES 151
Chapter 9 Bamboo Extract in the Prevention
of Diabetes and Breast Cancer 159
Jun Panee
INTRODUCTION 159
OBESITY, LIPOTOXICITY, DIABETES AND
THE PREVENTIVE EFFECTS OF BEX 161
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS, BREAST
CANCER, AND THE PREVENTIVE EFFECT
OF BEX 166
LINKS BETWEEN OBESITY AND BREAST
CANCER AND HYPOTHESES ON MORE
FUNCTIONS OF BEX 168
SUMMARY 170
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 170
REFERENCES 170
Chapter 10 Cranberry and Other Dietary
Supplements for the Treatment of
Urinary Tract Infections in
Aging Women 179
Lynn Stothers
INTRODUCTION 179
MECHANISMS OF LOWER URINARY TRACT
INFECTION 180