Compilation of Homeland Security Related Executive Orders

544 Pages·2011·1.08 MB·English

111TH CONGRESS COMMITTEE
" COMMITTEE PRINT !
2nd Session PRINT 111–A
COMPILATION
OF
HOMELAND SECURITY
RELATED
EXECUTIVE ORDERS
(E.O. 4601 Through E.O. 13528)
(1927-2009)
PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE
COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
June 2010
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
56–961 PDF WASHINGTON : 2010
Compilation of Homeland Security Related Executive Orders
(E.O. 4601 Through E.O. 13528)
111TH CONGRESS COMMITTEE
" COMMITTEE PRINT !
2nd Session PRINT 111–A
COMPILATION
OF
HOMELAND SECURITY
RELATED
EXECUTIVE ORDERS
(E.O. 4601 Through E.O. 13528)
(1927-2009)
PREPARED FOR THE USE OF THE
COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY
OF THE
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
June 2010
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
56–961 PDF WASHINGTON : 2010
COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY
BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi, Chairman
LORETTA SANCHEZ, California PETER T. KING, New York
JANE HARMAN, California LAMAR SMITH, Texas
PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California
ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of MIKE ROGERS, Alabama
Columbia MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas
ZOE LOFGREN, California CHARLES W. DENT, Pennsylvania
SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida
HENRY CUELLAR, Texas PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia
CHRISTOPHER P. CARNEY, Pennsylvania CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan
YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York PETE OLSON, Texas
LAURA RICHARDSON, California ANH ‘‘JOSEPH’’ CAO, Louisiana
ANN KIRKPATRICK, Arizona STEVE AUSTRIA, Ohio
BILL PASCRELL, JR., New Jersey VACANCY
EMANUEL CLEAVER, Missouri
AL GREEN, Texas
JAMES A. HIMES, Connecticut
MARY JO KILROY, Ohio
DINA TITUS, Nevada
WILLIAM L. OWENS, New York
VACANCY
VACANCY
I. Lanier Avant, Staff Director & General Counsel
Rosaline Cohen, Chief Counsel
Michael S. Twinchek, Chief Clerk
Robert O’Connor, Minority Staff Director
———————
Prepared by
Michael S. Twinchek, Chief Clerk
(II)
C O N T E N T S
HOMELAND SECURITY RELATED EXECUTIVE ORDERS
Calvin Coolidge
4601 March 1, 1927 {Amended} ................................................................. 7
John F. Kennedy
10113 Delegating the Authority of the President To Prescribe Cloth-
ing Allowances, and Cash Allowances in Lieu Thereof, for En-
listed Men in the Armed Forces {Amended} .................................. 13
10163 The Armed Forces Reserve Medal {Amended} .............................. 15
10179 Establishing the Korean Service Medal {Amended} ..................... 17
10271 Delegating Authority of the President To Order Members and
Units of Reserve Components of Armed Forces Into Active Fed-
eral Duty {Amended} ....................................................................... 19
10448 Establishing the National Defense Service Medal {Amended} .... 21
10499 Delegating Functions Conferred Upon the President by Section
8 of the Uniformed Services Contingency Option Act of 1953
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 23
10554 Delegating the Authority of the President To Prescribe Regula-
tions Authorizing Occasions Upon Which the Uniform May Be
Worn by Persons Who Have Served Honorably in the Armed
Forces in Time of War {Amended} ................................................. 25
10631 Code of Conduct for Members of the Armed Forces of the
United States {Amended} ................................................................ 27
10637 Delegating to the Secretary of Homeland Security Certain
Functions of the President Relating to the United States Coast
Guard {Amended} ............................................................................ 29
10694 Authorizing the Secretaries of the Army, Navy, and Air Force
To Issue Citations in the Name of the President of the United
States to Military and Naval Units for Outstanding Perform-
ance in Action {Amended} ............................................................... 35
10789 Authorizing Agencies of the Government To Exercise Certain
Contracting Authority in Connection With National-Defense
Functions and Prescribing Regulations Governing the Exercise
of Such Authority {Amended} ......................................................... 37
10865 Safeguarding Classified Information Within Industry {Amend-
ed} ..................................................................................................... 43
10977 Establishing the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal {Amend-
ed} ..................................................................................................... 47
11016 Authorizing Award of the Purple Heart {Amended} ..................... 49
11046 Authorizing Award of the Bronze Star Medal {Amended} ........... 51
11079 Authorizing Award of the Bronze Star Medal {Amended} ........... 53
Lyndon B. Johnson
11139 Authorizing Acceptance of the United Nations Medal and Serv-
ice Ribbon {Amended} ...................................................................... 57
11190 Providing for the Screening of the Ready Reserve of the Armed
Forces {Amended} ............................................................................ 59
11231 Establishing the Vietnam Service Medal {Amended} ................... 61
11239 Enforcement of the Convention for Safety of Life at Sea, 1960
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 63
11366 Assigning Authority to Order Certain Persons in the Ready
Reserve to Active Duty {Amended} ................................................ 65
11423 Providing for the Performance of Certain Functions Heretofore
Performed by the President with Respect to Certain Facilities
Constructed and Maintained on the Borders of the United
States {Amended} ............................................................................ 67
IV
Page
Lyndon B. Johnson—Continued
11438 Prescribing Procedures Governing Interdepartmental Cash
Awards to the Members of the Armed Forces {Amended} ........... 71
11446 Authorizing the Acceptance of Service Medals and Ribbons
from Multilateral Organizations Other Than the United Na-
tions {Amended} ............................................................................... 73
11448 Establishing the Meritorious Service Medal {Amended} .............. 75
Richard M. Nixon
11623 Delegating to the Director of Selective Service Authority to
Issue Rules and Regulations Under the Military Selective Serv-
ice Act {Amended} ............................................................................ 79
11645 Authority of the Secretary of Homeland Security to Prescribe
Certain Regulations Relating to Coast Guard Housing {Amend-
ed} ..................................................................................................... 81
Gerald R. Ford
11858 Foreign Investment in the United States {Amended} .................. 85
11926 The Vice Presidential Service Badge {Amended} .......................... 91
11965 Establishing the Humanitarian Service Medal {Amended} ......... 93
Jimmy Carter
12002 Administration of the Export Administration Act of 1969
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 97
12127 Federal Emergency Management Agency ..................................... 99
12139 Exercise of Certain Authority Respecting Electronic Surveil-
lance ................................................................................................. 101
12146 Management of Federal Legal Resources {Amended} ................... 105
12147 Federal Emergency Management Agency ..................................... 109
12148 Federal Emergency Management {Amended} ............................... 111
12160 Providing For Enhancement and Coordination of Federal Con-
sumer Programs {Amended} ........................................................... 121
12188 International Trade Functions {Amended} .................................... 127
12208 Consultations on the Admission of Refugees {Amended} ............. 133
12260 Agreement on Government Procurement {Amended} ................... 1135
Ronald Reagan
12333 United States Intelligence Activities {Amended} .......................... 141
12341 Cuban and Haitian Entrants {Amended} ...................................... 167
12382 President’s National Security Telecommunications Advisory
Committee {Amended} ..................................................................... 169
12472 Assignment of National Security and Emergency Preparedness
Telecommunications Functions {Amended} ................................... 171
12501 Arctic Research {Amended} ............................................................. 181
12555 Protection of Cultural Property {Amended} ................................... 85
12580 Superfund Implementation {Amended} ......................................... 189
12590 National Drug Policy Board {Amended} ........................................ 201
12656 Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 205
12657 Department of Homeland Security Assistance in Emergency
Preparedness Planning at Commercial Nuclear Power Plants
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 233
George H.W. Bush
12673 Delegation of Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Func-
tions .................................................................................................. 239
12699 Seismic Safety of Federal and Federally Assisted or Regulated
New Building Construction {Amended} ......................................... 241
12727 Ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active
Duty {Amended} ............................................................................... 245
12728 Delegating the President’s Authority to Suspend any Provision
of Law Relating to the Promotion, Retirement, or Separation
of Members of the Armed Forces {Amended} ................................ 247
12733 Authorizing the Extension of the Period of Active Duty of Per-
sonnel of the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces {Amended} . 249
12742 National Security Industrial Responsiveness {Amended} ............ 251
12788 Defense Economic Adjustment Program {Amended} .................... 255
12789 Delegation of Reporting Functions Under the Immigration Re-
form and Control Act of 1986 {Amended} ...................................... 259
12793 Defense Economic Adjustment Program {Amended} .................... 261
V
Page
George H.W. Bush—Continued
12807 Interdiction of Illegal Aliens {Amended} ........................................ 263
12824 Establishing the Homeland Security Distinguished Service
Medal {Amended} ............................................................................. 267
12830 Establishing the Military Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 269
William J. Clinton
12835 Establishment of the National Economic Council {Amended} ..... 273
12859 Establishment of the Domestic Policy Council {Amended} .......... 275
12870 Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee {Amended} ................ 277
12881 Establishment of the National Science and Technology Council
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 281
12898 Economy and Efficiency in Government Procurement Through
Compliance with Certain Immigration and Nationality Act Pro-
visions and Use of an Electronic Employment Eligibility
Verification System {Amended} ...................................................... 283
12906 Coordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The Na-
tional Spatial Data Infrastructure {Amended} .............................. 289
12919 National Defense Industrial Resources Preparedness {Amend-
ed} ..................................................................................................... 293
12941 Seismic Safety of Existing Federally Owned or Leased Build-
ing ..................................................................................................... 307
12949 Foreign Intelligence Physical Searches {Amended} ...................... 309
12977 Interagency Security Committee {Amended} ................................ 311
12978 Blocking Assets and Prohibiting Transactions With Significant
Narcotics Traffickers {Amended} .................................................... 315
12982 Ordering the Selected Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active
Duty {Amended} ............................................................................... 317
12985 Establishing the Armed Forces Service Medal {Amended} .......... 319
12989 Economy and Efficiency in Government Procurement Through
Compliance with Certain Immigration and Nationality Act Pro-
visions and Use of an Electronic Employment Eligibility
Verification System {Amended} ...................................................... 321
12992 President’s Drug Policy Council {Amended} .................................. 327
13048 Improving Administrative Management in the Executive
Branch {Amended} ........................................................................... 329
13076 Ordering the Selected Reserve to Active Duty {Amended} .......... 333
13100 President’s Council on Food Safety {Amended} ............................. 335
13112 Invasive Species {Amended} ........................................................... 337
13115 Interagency Task Force on the Roles and Missions of the
United States Coast Guard {Amended} ......................................... 343
13120 Ordering the Selected Reserve and Certain Individual Ready
Reserve Members of the Armed Forces to Active Duty {Amend-
ed} ..................................................................................................... 347
13122 Interagency Task Force on the Economic Development of the
Southwest Border {Amended} ......................................................... 349
13133 Working Group on Unlawful Conduct on the Internet {Amend-
ed} ..................................................................................................... 353
13151 Global Disaster Information Network {Amended} ........................ 355
13154 Establishing the Kosovo Campaign Medal {Amended} ................. 359
13165 Creation of the White House Task Force on Drug Use in Sports
and Authorization for the Director of the Office of National
Drug Control Policy To Serve as the United States Govern-
ment’s Representative on the Board of the World Anti-Doping
Agency {Amended} ........................................................................... 361
George W. Bush
13212 Actions To Expedite Energy-Related Projects {Amended} ............ 365
13223 Ordering the Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces To Active
Duty and Delegating Certain Authorities to the Secretary of
Defense and the Secretary of Transportation {Amended} ............ 367
13224 Blocking Property and Prohibiting Transactions With Persons
Who Commit, Threaten to Commit, or Support Terrorism
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 371
13228 Establishing the Office of Homeland Security and Homeland
Security Council {Amended} ........................................................... 377
VI
Page
George W. Bush—Continued
13231 Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Information Age
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 385
13254 Establishing the USA Freedom Corps {Amended} ........................ 389
13257 Presidents Interagency Task Force To Monitor and Combat
Trafficking in Persons {Amended} .................................................. 393
13267 Establishing a Transition Planning Office for the Department
of Homeland Security Within the Office of Management and
Budget .............................................................................................. 397
13274 Environmental Stewardship and Transportation Infrastructure
Project Reviews {Amended} ............................................................ 399
13276 Delegation of Responsibilities Concerning Undocumented
Aliens Interdicted or Intercepted in the Caribbean Region
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 403
13284 Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Con-
nection with the Establishment of the Department of Homeland
Security ............................................................................................ 407
13286 Amendment of Executive Orders, and Other Actions, in Con-
nection With the Establishment of the Department of Home-
land Security .................................................................................... 411
13311 Homeland Security Information Sharing {Amended} ................... 433
13323 Assignment of Functions Relating to Arrivals In and Depar-
tures From the United States ........................................................ 435
13347 Individuals With Disabilities in Emergency Preparedness ......... 435
13353 Establishing the President’s Board on Safeguarding Americans
Civil Liberties .................................................................................. 439
13354 National Counterterrorism Center ................................................ 443
13355 Strengthened Management of the Intelligence Community ........ 449
13383 Amending Executive Orders 12139 and 12949 in Light of Es-
tablishment of the Office of Director of National Intelligence ..... 457
13388 Further Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information
To Protect Americans ...................................................................... 459
13389 Creation of the Gulf Coast Recovery and Rebuilding Council
{Amended} ........................................................................................ 463
13390 Establishment of a Coordinator of Federal Support for the Re-
covery and Rebuilding of the Gulf Coast Region {Amended} ....... 467
13407 Public Alert and Warning System ................................................. 469
13416 Strengthening Surface Transportation Security ........................... 473
13434 National Security Professional Development ................................ 477
13442 Amending the Order of Succession in the Department of Home-
land Security .................................................................................... 481
13462 President’s Intelligence Advisory Board and Intelligence Over-
sight Board {Amended} ................................................................... 483
13475 Further Amendments To Executive Orders 12139 And 12949
In Light of the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978
Amendments Act of 2008 ................................................................ 489
13486 Strengthening Laboratory Biosecurity in the United States ....... 491
Barack Obama
13519 Establishment of the Financial Fraud Enforcement Task Force 497
13526 Classified National Security Information ...................................... 501
13527 Establishing Federal Capability for the Timely Provision of
Medical Countermeasures Following a Biological Attack ............ 533
13528 Establishment of the Council of Governors ................................... 535
F O R E W A R D
The Committee would like to thank Vanessa K. Burrows, Legis-
lative Attorney, Congressional Research Service for preparing a
summary included below.
Brief Summary and Background on Executive
Orders
Executive orders are used by Presidents to achieve policy goals,
set uniform standards for managing the executive branch, or out-
line a policy view intended to influence the behavior of private citi-
zens. The Constitution does not define executive orders. The most
widely accepted description of an executive order appears to be that
of the House Government Operations Committee in 1957, which de-
fined an executive order as a ‘‘directive[] or action[] by the Presi-
dent’’ that when ‘‘founded on the authority of the President derived
from the Constitution or statute, . . . may have the force and effect
of law.’’ The committee further stated that ‘‘Executive orders are
generally directed to, and govern actions by, Government officials
and agencies. They usually affect private individuals only indi-
1
rectly.’’
Although the Constitution does not explicitly vest the President
with the authority to issue executive orders, these instruments
have been employed by Presidents since George Washington. Irre-
spective of the largely implied nature of the authority to issue exec-
utive orders, Presidents have not hesitated to wield this power over
a range of often controversial subjects, such as the establishment
of internment camps during WWII, and the use of executive orders
to effectuate policy or other goals may have significant effects. Nev-
ertheless, it is well established that the President may not en-
croach upon the lawmaking powers of the legislative branch
through the issuance of executive orders.
The President’s authority for the execution and implementation
of executive orders stems from constitutional and statutory author-
ity. In the constitutional context, presidential power to issue such
orders has been derived from Article II of the Constitution, which
states that ‘‘the executive Power shall be vested in a President of
the United States,’’ that ‘‘the President shall be Commander in
Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States,’’ and that the
1STAFF OF H. COMM. ON GOV’T OPERATIONS, 85TH CONG., 1ST SESS., EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND
PROCLAMATIONS: A STUDY OF A USE OF PRESIDENTIAL POWERS (Comm. Print 1957).
(1)
2
2
President ‘‘shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed.’’
The President’s power to issue executive orders may also derive
3
from express or implied statutory authority. If based on appro-
priate authority and published in the Federal Register, executive
orders may have the force and effect of law, requiring courts to
4
take judicial notice of their existence.
The general framework for analyzing the validity of an executive
order in relation to constitutional and congressional authority was
5
delineated in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer. In that
case, the Supreme Court struck down President Truman’s execu-
tive order directing the seizure of the steel mills during the Korean
War. Invalidating this action, the majority held that under the
Constitution, ‘‘the President’s power to see that laws are faithfully
6
executed refutes the idea that he is to be a lawmaker.’’ Specifi-
cally, Justice Black maintained that presidential authority to issue
such an executive order ‘‘must stem either from an act of Congress
7
or from the Constitution itself.’’ Applying this reasoning, Justice
Black’s opinion for the Court determined that as no statute or con-
stitutional provision authorized such presidential action, the sei-
zure order was in essence a legislative act. The Court further noted
that Congress had rejected seizure as a means to settle labor dis-
putes during consideration of the Taft-Hartley Act. Given this char-
acterization, the Court deemed the executive order to be an uncon-
stitutional violation of the separation of powers doctrine, explaining
‘‘the founders of this Nation entrusted the lawmaking power to the
8
Congress alone in both good and bad times.’’
The concurring opinion of Justice Jackson, which has come to be
regarded as more influential than the majority opinion, set forth
three types of circumstances in which presidential authority may
9
be asserted. First, if the President has acted according to an ex-
press or implied grant of congressional authority, presidential ‘‘au-
10
thority is at its maximum.’’ Second, in situations where Congress
has neither granted nor denied authority to the President, the
President acts in reliance only ‘‘upon his own independent powers,
but there is a zone of twilight in which he and Congress may have
11
concurrent authority, or in which its distribution is uncertain.’’
Third, in instances where presidential action is ‘‘incompatible with
the express or implied will of Congress,’’ the power of the President
is at its minimum, and any such action may be supported pursuant
2U.S. CONST. ART. II, § 1, 2, and 3. See EXECUTIVE ORDERS AND PROCLAMATIONS, supra note
1, at 6-12.
3 See Youngstown Sheet and Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952).
4 Armstrong v. United States, 80 U.S. 154 (1871); see also Farkas v. Texas Instrument, Inc.,
372 F.2d 629 (5th Cir. 1967); Farmer v. Philadelphia Electric Co., 329 F.2d 3 (3d Cir. 1964);
Jenkins v. Collard, 145 U.S. 546, 560-61 (1893).
The Federal Register Act requires that executive orders be published in the Federal Register.
44 U.S.C. § 1505. Furthermore, executive orders must comply with preparation, presentation
and publication requirements established by an executive order issued by President Kennedy.
See Exec. Order No. 11030, 27 Fed. Reg. 5847 (June 21, 1962).
5 343 U.S. 579 (1952).
6 Id. at 587.
7 Id. at 585.
8 Id. at 586-89.
9 Id. at 635-38.
10 Id. at 635, 637.
11 Id. at 637.