Table Of ContentCompeting through
ICT Capability
Innovation in Image Communication
Mitsuru Kodama
Competing through ICT Capability
Also by Mitsuru Kodama
BOUNDARY MANAGEMENT
Developing Business Architectures for Innovation
INTERACTIVE BUSINESS COMMUNITIES
Accelerating Corporate Innovation through Boundary Networks
INNOVATION NETWORKS IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED FIRMS
Developing ICT-based Integrative Competences
KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATION DYNAMICS
Developing Strategic Innovation Capability
KNOWLEDGE INNOVATION
Strategic Management as Practice
PROJECT-BASED ORGANIZATION IN THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY
(SERIES ON TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT)
THE STRATEGIC COMMUNITY-BASED FIRM
Competing through
ICT Capability
Innovation in Image Communication
Mitsuru Kodama
Nihon University, Japan
© Mitsuru Kodama 2013
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-0-230-30138-2
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First published 2013 by
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ISBN 978-1-349-33703-3 ISBN 978-1-137-28693-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137286932
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10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
Contents
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes viii
Preface and Acknowledgments xii
Introduction 1
The background and significance of this book 1
1 ICT and Boundary Innovation 6
1.1 The advance of ICT innovation 6
1.2 Paradigm shifts in business management 9
1.3 ICT capabilities 13
1.4 The relationship between ICT environments and Ba 16
1.5 ICT capability and boundary innovation 20
2 The Advancement of ICT Tools and Knowledge, and
Innovation Management 23
2.1 ICT in the grand design of business 23
2.1.1 The Hop phase (the 1950s to 1980s) 24
2.1.2 The Step phase (the 1980s to 1990s) 25
2.1.3 The Jump phase (the 1990s to the present) 31
2.2 Collaboration and knowledge-integration firms 32
3 The Innovation and Market Expansion of Video
Communications 38
3.1 Broadband innovation through collaborative ICT tools 38
3.2 The spread of high-quality, low-cost video
communication tools 39
3.3 The changing product architecture of video
communication tools 43
3.4 The diverse usages of video communication tools 50
3.5 Adapting organizational systems (technologies) for
video communication tools 53
3.6 New virtual businesses 57
4 Collaborative ICT Tools and Organizational Development 59
4.1 Video communications as strategic business tools 59
4.2 ICT and corporate innovation 60
4.3 Designing new knowledge communities and promoting
knowledge management activities 68
v
vi Contents
4.4 Video communication tools as network strategy 72
4.5 Video communication tools supporting corporate
business activities 75
5 Product Development and Collaborative ICT Tools 82
5.1 Development process context and temporal changes 82
5.2 Organizational and ICT tools’ usage forms in product
development 83
5.2.1 Organizational form and product development
performance 84
5.2.2 The relationship between product development
context and collaborative ICT tools 90
5.3 ICT tools’ usage forms and product development
processes 99
5.3.1 Product development processes and the
capability map 101
5.3.2 Organizational forms in the capability map 107
5.3.3 Collaborative ICT tools and product
development processes 111
5.4 Knowledge characteristics and conversion speed for
product development processes 118
6 Workplace and Collaborative ICT Tools 121
6.1 Organizational structure and office space 121
6.2 Process and practice 122
6.3 Case study (IBCS and IBM) 125
6.4 Sony’s business transformation with video
communication tools 138
7 ICT Innovations in Health Care and Welfare 148
7.1 Movements in product innovation and customer value 148
7.1.1 Product innovations with modular architecture 149
7.1.2 Product innovations with software architecture 150
7.1.3 Product innovation with “Customers as
Innovators” 152
7.1.4 User innovation through software architecture 153
7.1.5 Product innovation with video communication
tools 155
7.2 Telemedicine and welfare cases 159
7.2.1 Remote area and home-care medical support 159
7.2.2 The spread of high-functionality telemedicine
and health care with advanced
videoconferencing tools 167
Contents vii
7.2.3 The expanding general-purpose terminal health
and welfare markets 172
7.3 Product architecture strategies and ICT innovation 175
7.3.1 Product architecture evolution and user
innovation 180
7.3.2 Disruptive innovation and sustaining innovation 184
8 ICT Capability and Knowledge Integration 189
8.1 Knowledge boundaries and ICT tools 190
8.2 ICT capability—theoretical concept 195
8.2.1 ICT capability as a source of competitive
superiority 195
8.2.2 Enacting new business structures with video
communication tools 198
8.2.3 Designing new business networks (CoPs,
networked CoPs, SCs) and promoting
knowledge activities 201
8.3 Strategic innovation capability and ICT capability 203
8.4 The four components of ICT capability 207
8.4.1 ICT application capability 208
8.4.2 Dialectical dialogue capability 211
8.4.3 Context architect capability 212
8.4.4 Boundaries consolidation capability 214
8.5 Knowledge boundaries and ICT capability 216
8.6 Practical processes as collaborative organizations 220
8.7 Combining interactions on dual networks 224
8.8 Small-world networks and ICT capability 227
8.9 ICT and collaborative organizations 230
9 Implications and Conclusion: Convergence and
ICT Capability 235
9.1 New business models and “ICT capability”:
Convergence and collaboration 235
9.2 Strategic management through ICT capability 242
9.3 Future research issues 246
Appendix: Research Methodology 249
Notes 251
References 260
Name Index 272
Subject Index 275
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes
Figures
I.1 The structure of the book 3
1.1 Advancements of mobile communications networks 8
1.2 Paradigm shifts in corporate management 11
1.3 Resources, people, Ba, knowledge communities, ICT
capability 20
1.4 Knowledge communities, ICT capability and
knowledge-integration firms 22
2.1 Knowledge communities and the 3C era 24
2.2 Organizational capability using ICT 29
2.3 Old-school innovation management 33
2.4 New innovation management: The knowledge-
integration firm 34
2.5 Convergence and collaboration 36
2.6 Positive feedback through convergence and collaboration 37
3.1 The expanding video communication tools market 41
3.2 IP video communication tools: A disruptive innovation 42
3.3 Advances in video communication tools architecture 44
3.4 Unified communications 49
3.5 Sharing a Ba in real time 51
3.6 An American example: A care phone system 52
3.7 Applications from Chunghwa Telecom (Taiwan) 52
3.8 Application domains for video communication tools 53
3.9 Usage structure of video communication tools 55
3.10 Recursive interplay of structure and practice through
video communication tools 57
4.1 Areas of use in the consumer market 62
4.2 Areas of use in the corporate market 63
4.3 ICT and resources/capabilities 65
viii
List of Figures, Tables and Boxes ix
4.4 Flattening hierarchies through video communication tools 68
4.5 Setting and design of all types of meetings as knowledge
communities 71
4.6 Knowledge community formation through video
communication tools 73
4.7 Superiority of video communication tools over groupware
and e-mail 74
4.8 Corporate objectives for video communication tools’ usage 76
4.9 Video communication tools and knowledge community
formation leading to Ba 80
5.1 Characteristics of organizational boundaries (knowledge
boundaries) 87
5.2 Product development strategies with the two
organizational systems 91
5.3 ICT tools systems to address product development details 92
5.4 Capability map 104
5.5 ICT tools’ usage in the product development process 108
5.6 Boundary synchronization in domain III 115
5.7 The relationship of knowledge context and knowledge
transformation 120
6.1 Matrix organizations in consultancy companies 126
6.2 Organizations and projects by IBCS functions 127
6.3 Increase in videoconferencing use at Sony Marketing 143
7.1 User innovation 154
7.2 Technological innovations and advances in product
architecture 157
7.3 ICT solutions in medical care 158
7.4 Multimedia village in Katsurao-mura encompassing
treatment, education, government and leisure 161
7.5 Medical care, health preservation and social welfare
support video communication tools 162
7.6 Applications in medical care, health preservation and
public welfare 163
7.7 Medicine delivery service 164
