Table Of ContentLANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS
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OMPENDIUM OF
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OGNITIVE INGUISTICS
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OLUME
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LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS
C
OMPENDIUM OF
C L
OGNITIVE INGUISTICS
V 3
OLUME
THOMAS FUYIN LI
EDITOR
New York
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CONTENTS
Preface vii
Chapter 1 Main Verb Properties 1
Leonard Talmy
Chapter 2 The Role of Image-Schemas and Conceptual Metaphors
in Learning Idioms: An Experimental Study 25
Thomas Fuyin Li
Chapter 3 Corpus Linguistics and Cognitive Linguistics:
A Convergence of Basic Assumptions 43
May L-Y Wong
Chapter 4 Is /A/ Truly Red? A Study on Sound-Colour
Synesthetic Associations 69
Pilar Mompeán-Guillamón
Chapter 5 Interactive Cognition: Toward a Unified Account
of Structure, Processing, and Discourse 95
Ronald W. Langacker
Chapter 6 Cognitive Linguistics and Signed Languages 127
Sherman Wilcox and Phyllis Perrin Wilcox
Chapter 7 On the River, on an Island, on the Street:
The Semantics of English on-Constructions
Involving ―Laterality‖ 153
Cliff Goddard
Chapter 8 Vowel Sounds and Motion 169
Pilar Mompeán-Guillamón
and Paula Cifuentes-Férez
Index 191
PREFACE
This book contains high-quality research of a theoretical and/or empirical/experimental
nature, focusing on the interface between language and cognition. It adopts an
interdisciplinary, comparative, multi-methodological approach to the study of language in the
general cognitive perspective, as well as theory-based practical applications. It incorporates
research from the full range of subject disciplines, theoretical backgrounds, and analytical
frameworks that inform the language and cognitive sciences.
Chapter 1 - Talmy proposed a typology in which languages fall into two categories on the
basis of whether they characteristically express the Path component of a Motion event in the
verb root (verb-framed languages) or in the satellite and/or preposition (satellite-framed
languages).
Subsequently, Slobin held that the languages of certain published descriptions did not fall
neatly into either category of this typology, either because the lexical category of the Path
constituent was unclear, or because the Path constituent and the coevent constituent were both
verbs or both satellites. He classed such languages together as a group exhibiting a third
category of the typology, "equipollent framing". The present article disputes most of these
claims of equipollent framing, demonstrating how, on closer inspection, the languages in
question are actually either verb-framed or satellite-framed. This demonstration rests mainly
on identifying the factors that assign main verb status to a constituent.
Chapter 2 - In this article, the author will argue for an ―innovative‖ approach to the
systematic learning of metaphorical expressions, idioms and proverbs, that is ―A Conceptual
Metaphor and Image Schema-Based Approach” (CM-IS Approach). This approach is based
on the conceptual metaphor theory and image schema theory. The validity of this approach is
given positive evidence by the following: The Dual Coding Theory, the Psychological Reality
of Image Schema, and the Psychological Reality of Hierarchical Structure. The effectiveness
of this approach is experimentally verified by a group of five studies. For the present purpose,
this article reports one of the studies concerning the learning of idioms. In the light of the
experimental results, the author will discuss the pedagogical implications and applications.
This research is an attempt to bridge a huge gap between the theoretical study of conceptual
metaphors and image schemas in cognitive linguistics on the one hand and their applications
in applied linguistics on the other.
Chapter 3 - This paper explores the potential of synthesis between cognitive linguistics
and corpus linguistics, and shows that the cognitive linguistic approach to the study of
language can dovetail nicely with research in corpus linguistics. Both fields share basic
viii Thomas Fuyin Li
assumptions: for instance, they both assign units larger than the word (multi-word
expressions) a much more prominent role in their analysis than many other frameworks; they
do not commit themselves to a strict dichotomy between lexicon and grammar; they both
adhere to a usage-based approach to language.
By comparing the theoretical assumptions of the usage-based approach with an analysis
of patterns of use that is grounded in current corpus-linguistic practices of data interpretation,
I suggest that it is possible to reach a more unified and insightful explanation of language use
and a more unified and insightful approach to linguistic theory; one in which ‗everything fits,
and everything fits together‘.
Chapter 4 - The present paper aims at contributing to the general field of sound
symbolism. Two main objectives have been set for such a purpose: a) providing evidence for
the existence of synesthetic sound symbolism in the general population; b) testing the
psychological entrenchment of such type of association. Studies on the relation between
vowel sounds and other modalities have revealed that people significantly associate sounds
with elements belonging to other domains such as size, shape or temperature. Based on those
findings, this study aims at analysing the relationship between vowel sounds and colours by
means of two experimental tasks: a free-forced choice experiment and a modified Stroop task.
The results present powerful evidence that there is a strong relation between vowel sounds
and certain colours. They also show that this relationship does not seem to be psychologically
entrenched, but only takes place when the participant is specifically asked to relate these two
elements.
Chapter 5 - Language is both structured and dynamic, consisting in patterns of activity
that are learned, maintained, exploited, and adapted in actual instances of language use. It is
both cognitive and interactive, being learned and used by cognizing individuals who
apprehend expressions in relation to the interlocutors, the social circumstances, the overall
context, and the ongoing discourse. A basic principle of Cognitive Grammar (CG) is that
these aspects of linguistic organization cannot be properly understood in isolation from one
another. In its original formulation and continued development, it thus envisages a unified
account of structure, processing, and discourse.
Chapter 6 - This paper examines the application of cognitive linguistic theory to the study
of signed languages. Key areas of cognitive linguistic research such as iconicity, metaphor,
and metonymy are discussed. The role of metaphor and metonymy in semantic extension and
grammaticalization is exemplified with data from Catalan Sign Language and American Sign
Language.
Chapter 7 - This study analyses a set of highly English-specific on-constructions of the
form [on + NP ], such as: on the bank of the river, (a house) on the beach, on an island,
PLACE
on the plains, on the street, on a farm. The analysis is conducted in the Natural Semantic
Metalanguage (NSM) framework originated by Anna Wierzbicka. Six semantically discrete
construction types are identified and each is assigned a semantic schema framed in the
metalanguage of semantic primes. All of them, it is argued, include a semantic component
involving ―laterality‖ (semantic prime SIDE), often in combination with a component
involving visibility (SEE). These constructions, along with others, constitute a complex
network of grammatical polysemy in English.
Chapter 8 - Studies on the relation between vowel sounds and other modalities have
revealed that people significantly associate sounds with elements belonging to other domains
such as size, shape, temperature or colour. Based on those findings, this study presents
