Comparison between Arctic and subtropic ship exaust [i.e. exhaust] effects on cloud properties.

74 Pages·0.64 MB·en_US

by  Salvato, Gregory.;Durkee, Philip A.

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NavalPostgraduateSchool (Ifapplicable) NavalPostgraduateSchool
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11 TITLE(IncludeSecurityClassification)
COMPARISONBETWEENARCTICANDSUBTROP1CSHIPEXHAUSTEFFECTSONCLOUDPROPERTIES
12 PERSONALAUTHOR(S) GregorySalvato
13a.TYPEOFREPORT 13b TIMECOVERED 14 DATEOFREPORT(year,month,day) 15.PAGECOUNT
Master'sThesis From To March 1992 67
16 SUPPLEMENTARYNOTATION
TheviewsexpressedinthisthesisarethoseoftheauthoranddonotreflecttheofficialpolicyorpositionoftheDepartmentofDefenseortheU.S.
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17 COSATICODES 18 SUBJECTTERMS(continueonreverseifnecessaryandidentifybyblocknumber)
FIELD GROUP SUBGROUP shiptrack,algorithm,albedo,AVHRR
19 ABSTRACT(continueonreverseifnecessaryandidentifybyblocknumber)
RadiativeandphysicalcharacteristicsofsubtropicandArcticshiptracksarecomparedthroughtheuseofAVHRRsatellitedataandan
algorithmdevelopedattheNavalPostgraduateSchool.Examinationofchannels1 and3albedosindicatetheaveragesubtropicshiptrack
brightnessisgreaterthanthatforArctictracks.Arcticshiptracks,however,tendtobebrighterthantheirenvironment comparedtosubtropic
shiptracks.Subtropicshiptrackstendtobewiderand longerthanArcticshiptracks. Duetorelativelysmallsamplesizes,additionalcasesare
neededtoprovestatisticalsignificanceforchannel3albedo,channel3albedopercentchange,width,and length.Increasedin-situmeasurements
willallowthemeasurementandanalysisofconditionsnecessaryanddetrimentaltotheformationofshiptracks.
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Comparison between Arctic and Subtropic Ship Exaust
Effects on Cloud Properties
by
Gregory Salvato
Lieutenant United States Navy
,
B.S., U.S. Naval Academy, 1986
Submitted in partial fulfillment
ofthe requirements for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
from the
NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL
March 1992
11
ABSTRACT
Radiative and physical characteristics of subtropic and Arctic shiptracks are
AVHRR
compared through the use of satellite data and an algorithm developed at the
Naval Postgraduate School. Examination ofchannels 1 and 3 albedos within each region
indicate the average subtropic shiptrack brightness is greater than that for Arctic tracks.
Arctic shiptracks, however, tend to be brighter than their environment compared to
subtropic shiptracks. Subtropic shiptracks tend to be wider and longer than Arctic
shiptracks. Due to relatively small sample sizes, additional cases are required to prove
statistical significance for channel 3 albedo, channel 3 albedo percent change, width, and
length. Increased in-situ measurements are needed for the analysis of conditions
necessary and detrimental to the formation ofshiptracks.
1U
11
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
I. 1
A. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPTRACKS
1
B. AEROSOL SIGNIFICANCE IN CLOUD STUDIES 2
C. THESIS OBJECTIVE 2
THEORY
II. 4
A. CLOUD PHYSICS. 4
.-
WAVELENGTHS USED
B. 5
METHODOLOGY
III. 7
A. DATA ASSIMILATION 7
1. Shiptrack Satellite Data Sources 7
2. Shiptrack Locations 7
REMOTE SENSING UTLIZATION
B. 8
1. Importance 8
2. Satellites Used 8
C. NPS DEVELOPED SHIPTRACK ALGORITHM 10
1. Purpose 10
2. Components 1
3. Operation 1
IV. RESULTS 14
;
SHIPTRACK LOCATION
A. 14
1. Arctic 14
2. Subtropic 25
RAW DATA
B. 31
CHANNEL ONE ALBEDO
C. 35
Average Values 35
1.
IV
2. Statistical Significance 36
D. CHANNEL THREE ALBEDO 37
E. CHANNEL FOUR TEMPERATURE 39
CHANNEL ONE ALBEDO PERCENT CHANGE
F. 41
G. CHANNEL THREE ALBEDO PERCENT CHANGE 44
H. SHIPTRACK WIDTH 46
SHIPTRACK LENGTH 48
I.
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 50
CONCLUSIONS
A. 51
RECOMMENDATIONS
B. 52
LIST OF REFERENCES 53
INITIAL DISTRIBUTION LIST 55
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Shiptrack Detection ofSatellites 9
AVHRR
Table 2. and Pertinent Shiptrack Channels 10
Table 3. Arctic Shiptrack Location 15
Table 4. Channel 1 Albedo Results 35
Table 5. Channel 3 Albedo Results 38
Table 6. Channel 4 Temperature Results 40
Table 7. Channel 1 Albedo Percent Change 42
Table 8. Channel 1 Albedo Percent Change 44
Table 9. Shiptrack Widths 46
Table 10. Shiptrack Lengths 48
Table 11. Summary ofAverage and Statistical Values 51
VI