Comparative Study for Underfloor Heating System using Boiler

157 Pages·2014·3.14 MB·English

An-Najah National University
Faculty of Graduate Studies

Comparative Study for Underfloor
Heating System using Boiler or Heat Pump

By
Hussein Ishaq Hussein Awad

Supervisor
Dr. Abdelrahim Abu Safa

This Thesis is Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree of Master of Clean Energy and
Conservation Strategy, Faculty of Graduate Studies, An-Najah
National University, Nablus, Palestine.
2014

iii
DEDICATION
To my father soul ….
To my mother, brothers and sisters…….
To my wife, daughter……
To my uncles & Grand Father……
To all friends and colleagues………
To everyone working in this field……
To all of them, I dedicate this work.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
It is an honor for me to have the opportunity to say a word to
thank all people who helped me to complete this study, although
it is impossible to include all of them here.
All appreciations go to my supervisor, Dr. Abdelrahim Abusafa
for his exceptional guidance and insightful comments and
observations throughout the implementation of this project. My
thanks and appreciations go to the staff of Clean Energy and
Conservation Strategy Engineering Master Program in An-
Najah National University, especially Dr. Imad Ibrik, Prof.
Marwan Mahmoud & Dr. Mohammad Sayed for their valuable
suggestions and assistance.
This project would not have been possible without the endless
support and contributions from my family, especially my mother
for her kindness, my wife for here encouragement and patience,
my brothers and sisters for their support, also for my friends
especially Eng. Azeez Arafeh, Eng. Islam Shabaneh & Eng.
Ra’fat Naser Al-Deen, and colleagues for their useful help, and
to everyone who contributed to complete this effort.
Hussein I. Awad.

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Abbreviations
A Area (m2)
A Floor Area (m2)
f
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
ASHREA
Conditioning Engineers
COPHP Coefficient of Performance for Heat Pump
∆Tw Temperature Difference(˚C)
COP Coefficient of Performance
Cp Specific Heat at Constant Pressure (J/kg.˚C)
CHP Combined Heat & Power
DHW Domestic Hot Water
DCF Discounted Cash Flow
DN Do Nothing
DIN German Institute for Standardization
DD Degree Day Method for Heating.
H
DCF Discounted Cash Flow
EN European standard
HFC hydro-flouro-carbons
HE Heat Exchanger
IEA International Energy Agency
K Thermal Conductivity (W/m. K)
Mw Mass flow rate of water (kg/s)
MARR Minimum Attractive Rate of Return
NPV Net Present Value
ODP Ozone Depletion Potential
P Pressure (Pa)
PW Present Worth
PER Primary Energy Ratio
Qe Heat Emitted by the pipe (W).
q Heating Load for the Floor (W/m2).
l
ROI Return on Investment
ROR Rate of Return
T Floor Temperature (˚C)
k
T Floor Surface Temperature (˚C)
L
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T Inside Design Temperature (˚C)
i
T ambient Ambient Temperature (˚C)
TEWI Total Equivalent Warming Impact
Tw,s Water Supply Temperature (C)
T Balancing Temperature (C)
bal
UFH Under Floor Heating (˚C)
Vw Flow Velocity (m/s)
W Work (J)
WBCSD World Business Council for Sustainable Development
ρ Water Density (kg/m3).
w
ζ Heat Exchanger Efficiency
H/E
ζ boiler effic. Boiler efficiency
viii
Table of Contents
No. Contents Pages
Dedication iii

Acknowledgment iv

Declaration v

Abbreviations vi

Table of Contents viii

List of Tables xi

List of Figures xii

List of Appendices xiii

Abstract xiv

Chapter One: Introduction 1

1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 Objectives of the study 4
1.3 Methodology of the Study 5
Chapter Two: UFH (Under Floor Heating
8
Analysis)
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 Advantages of Panel System 11
2.2.1 Heat Comfort 12
2.2.2 Air Quality 13
2.2.3 Health Conditions 14
2.2.4 Environmental Impact 14
2.2.5 Heat Usable At Low Temperature 15
2.2.6 Energy Saving 15
2.3 Disadvantages of Panel Systems 16
Limitation Connected with the Surface Temperature
2.3.1 16
of the Floor
2.3.2 Thermal Inertia and Method of Use of Systems 17
2.3.3 Disadvantages Linked with Design Aspects 18
2.4 Panel Containment Structure 19
2.5 Pipe Loop Configuration 19
2.6 Panel Heating Design Parameters 21
2.7 Under Floor Design 22
2.7.1 Calculation of the Heat Load For Each Space 24
2.7.2 Calculation the heat flux 24
2.7.3 Evaluation of the Floor Surface Temperature (TL) 24
Calculation of Required Pipes Spacing and Water
2.7.4 25
Temperature
2.7.5 Calculation the Reverse Heat Flow 26
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No. Contents Pages
Calculation the Total Heat Load to be Emitted by the
2.7.6 27
Pipes (Qe)
Calculate the Mass Flow Rate of Water for Each
2.7.7 27
Loop
Selection of Pipe Diameter with Considering the
2.7.8 28
Flow Velocity
Calculate the Pressure Drop for the Longest Pipe
2.7.9 29
Loop and the Pressure Drop Due to the Bending.
Chapter Three: Heat Pumps Systems & Diesel
31
Boilers
3.1 Introduction 32
3.2 Heat Pump Systems (Operation Principle) 35
3.3 Boilers 37
3.3.1 Introduction 37
3.3.2 Boiler Specification 38
3.3.3 Boiler Systems & Operation 38
3.3.4 Boiler Types and Classifications 40
3.3.4.1 Fire tube 40
3.3.4.2 Water tube 41
3.3.4.3 Packaged Boiler 41
3.3.4.4 Stoker Fired Boiler 43
3.3.4.5 Chain-Grate or Traveling-Grate Stoker Boiler 43
3.3.4.6 Spreader Stoker Boiler 44
3.3.4.7 Pulverized Fuel Boiler 45
3.3.4.8 FBC (Fluidized Bed Combustion) Boiler 46
Chapter Four: Mathematical Model &
48
Calculations
4.1 Introduction 49
4.2 Mathematical Modelling 50
4.2.1 Heating Load inside the Room Based on Heat Pump 52
Heating Load inside the Room Based on Diesel
4.3 53
Boiler
4.4 Comparative Analysis for both Systems 57
Estimating Electrical Energy & Fuel Consumption for
4.5 65
both systems using DD (Degree Days Method)
Chapter Five: Economic Analysis 70

5.1 Introduction 71
5.2 Present Worth Analysis 73
5.2.1 Present Worth Analysis of Equal – Life Alternatives 74
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No. Contents Pages
Present Worth Analysis for both HP & Diesel
5.2.2 75
systems
Chapter Six: Environmental Impact Analysis of a
77
Heat Pump VS Diesel Boiler
6.1 Introduction 78
Environmental Impact Related to the use of Heat
6.2 83
pumps
Chapter Seven: Conclusion & Results Analysis 86

7.1 Conclusion & Discussion 87
7.2 Decision making criteria for both systems 87
References 89

Appendices 92

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