Table Of ContentOUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
Comparative Grand Strategy
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
Comparative Grand
Strategy
A Framework and Cases
Edited by
Thierry Balzacq
Peter Dombrowski
Simon Reich
1
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
3
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Large, collaborative projects always require an abundance of goodwill to
achieve their goals. That becomes even more emphatic when the project
attempts to develop a novel research program rather than address questions
inthemorecomfortableintellectualconfinesofawell-establishedone.Spon-
sors require just a little more faith in allocating funds. Participants have to
demonstrate a little more intellectual flexibility and dexterity when they ask
questions like “what is the working definition of a grand strategy?” and the
organizers’ answer is “well, it depends.” And administrators must show an
even greater amount of patience dealing with the requisites of people assem-
bledinatrulyglobalprojectwhentheyaredrawnfromfourcontinents.
Under these circumstances, we, the organizers, have been very fortunate.
We found generous sponsors who were willing to support two workshops,
heldontwocontinents,inthesameyear,andasetofscholarswillingtomove
beyond their comfort zones in exploring the relationship between inter-
nationalrelationstheoryandareastudiesinanewway.
ThefirstworkshopheldinNamur,BelgiuminJune2017,wasconvenedby
Thierry Balzacq. Thierry wishes to acknowledge the Research Council of the
University of Namur, and specifically both Christine Culot (Director of the
Research Council) and former Vice-Rector Martine Raes who provided a
generous grant to fund the workshop. The Francqui Foundation, the Faculty
ofEconomics,SocialSciencesandManagement,andtheDepartmentofSocial
and Political Science also offered financial assistance. Thierry also thanks
BenjaminPuybareau,Nicole Desneux,andKarinDerochettefortheirinvalu-
ablelogisticalsupportinorganizingthatgatheringofscholars.Finally,Thierry
acknowledgestheAsia-PacificCollegeofDiplomacyattheAustralianNational
Universityforhostinghimduringhissabbaticalin2017–18,whichenabledhim
toundertaketheco-editorshipofthevolumeinidealcircumstances.
Peter Dombrowski convened the second workshop at the US Naval War
College (NWC) in Newport, Rhode Island in October 2017. Peter wishes to
thank the Naval War College Foundation, the Strategic and Operational
Research Department (SORD), and the Center of Naval Warfare Studies
(CNWS)fortheirsupport.Andrew“Drew”WinnerandJacquelynSchneider
moderated panels, while colleagues from across the NWC shared insights
from their own experience and research. Among the many individuals who
workedbehindthescenestomakethesecondworkshopasuccesswereMike
Sherlock,JohnOdegaard,andWendySkinner.AsalwaystheNWCleadership
from Rear Admiral Jeff Harley, Provost Lewis Duncan, CNWS Dean Tom
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Culora, to SORD chair Andrew Winner provided expert leadership. Most
importantly, Rachael Shaffer labored long and hard to coordinate arrange-
ments for participants and guests from across the NWC, the United States,
and the world; she also expertly edited multiple versions of the entire manu-
script. Peter would like to thank his fellow editors Simon and Thierry, and
Ariane Chebel d’Appollonia for hosting several visits to New Jersey, and, of
course,AnnMartinoforherunwaveringfaith.
SimonReichwishestothankbothPeterandThierryforrelievinghimofthe
task of organizing the two workshops, the Gerda Henkel Foundation for its
generous support of his work on this project, the Institute for Strategic
Research (IRSEM) in Paris for hosting him while working on this project
during his sabbatical in 2018, and Ariane Chebel d’Appollonia for providing
himwithalltheperspectiveheneededonthesignificanceofhiswork.
Finally,inadditiontotwoworkshops,theeditorsalsoorganizedaseriesof
panels at the International Studies Association Annual Meetings, beginning
in2016.Participants,inadditiontothecontributorstothisvolume,included
RobertArt,HalBrands,ShaunBreslin,ColinDueck,StevenF.Jackson,Bruce
Jentleson, and Andrew Ross. They asked important and probing questions,
forcing the editors and authors to refine their ideas and better articulate the
issuescriticalforthinkingaboutComparativeGrandStrategy.
Withcontributionsfrom
AndrewS.Erickson
C.ChristineFair
DanielFiott
GhaidaaHetou
RobertJohnson
CélineMarangé
CarlosR.S.Milani
TiagoNery
WendyRamadan-Alban
NorrinM.Ripsman
EitanShamir
LuisSimón
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
■ CONTENTS
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS ix
1 Introduction:ComparingGrandStrategiesintheModernWorld 1
ThierryBalzacq,PeterDombrowski,andSimonReich
PARTI MAJORPOWERS
2 TheUnitedStatesofAmerica 25
PeterDombrowskiandSimonReich
3 Russia 50
CélineMarangé
4 China 73
AndrewS.Erickson
5 France 99
ThierryBalzacq
6 UnitedKingdom 123
RobertJohnson
PARTII PIVOTALPOWERS
7 Brazil 149
CarlosR.S.MilaniandTiagoNery
8 India 171
C.ChristineFair
9 Iran 192
ThierryBalzacqandWendyRamadan-Alban
10 Israel 217
EitanShamir
11 SaudiArabia 239
GhaidaaHetou
12 TheEuropeanUnion 262
DanielFiottandLuisSimón
13 Conclusion:TheEmergingSub-fieldofComparativeGrandStrategy 284
NorrinM.Ripsman
BIBLIOGRAPHY 303
INDEX 339
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,6/5/2019,SPi
■ LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Editors
Thierry Balzacq is Professor of International Relations at Sciences Po Paris and
Professorial Fellow at CERI-Sciences-Po. He was formerly a Visiting Fellow at the
Asia-PacificCollegeofDiplomacyattheAustralianNationalUniversity(2017–18).In
2016, he was awarded a Francqui Research Chair (Belgium’s highest academic title)
and elected Visiting Professor at the London School of Economics and Political
Science. He was the Scientific Director of the French Ministry of Defense’s research
center(2014–16).AformerPostdoctoralFellowatHarvard,BalzacqheldanHonorary
ProfessorialFellowshipattheUniversityofEdinburgh,wherehewasalsoFellowfor
“outstanding research” at the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities. In
2015,hewasawardedaTier1CanadaResearchChairinDiplomacyandInternational
Security. “Tier 1 Chairs are for outstanding researchers acknowledged by their
peers as world leaders in their fields.” His articles have been published in Review
of International Studies, Security Studies, European Journal ofInternational Security,
International Studies Review, Cooperation and Conflict, European Journal of Inter-
national Relations, Security Dialogue, International Relations, and the Journal of
Common Market Studies. He is author/editor of over twelve books in English and
French. He has held visiting positions at various universities, including McGill, the
Diplomatic Academy of Vietnam, the National University of Singapore (NUS), The
InternationalRelationsInstituteofCameroon(IRIC),Aberystwyth,andtheUniversity
AbdouMoumouniofNiamey(Niger).Heiscurrentlyco-editing(withRonaldKrebs)
TheOxfordHandbookofGrandStrategy.BalzacqholdsaPhDfromtheUniversityof
CambridgeandcompletedhisPostdoctoralstudiesatHarvardin2004.
PeterDombrowskiisaProfessorofStrategyintheStrategicandOperationalResearch
DepartmentaswellastheDirectoroftheCyberandInnovationPolicyInstituteatthe
Naval War College. His prior positions include Chair of the Strategic Research
Department,DirectoroftheNavalWarCollegePress,editoroftheNavalWarCollege
Review, co-editor of International Studies Quarterly, Associate Professor of Political
ScienceatIowaStateUniversity,anddefenseanalystatANSER,Inc.Hehasalsobeen
affiliated with research institutions including the East-West Center, The Brookings
Institution,theFriedrichEbertFoundation,andtheWatsonInstituteforInternational
Studies at Brown University. Dr Dombrowski is the author of over sixty books,
monographs,articles,bookchapters,andgovernmentreports.Dombrowski’sawards
include a Chancellor’s Scholarship for Prospective Leaders from the Alexander von
Humboldt Foundation, the Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Medal, and the Navy
DistinguishedCivilianServiceMedal.HereceivedhisBAfromWilliamsCollegeand
anMAandPhDfromtheUniversityofMaryland.
SimonReichisaProfessorintheDivisionofGlobalAffairsandDepartmentofPolitical
Science at Rutgers, Newark and a Chercheur Associé at the Centre de Recherches
Internationales (CERI), Sciences Po (Paris). Reich is author, coauthor and editor of
