Compact Semiconductor Lasers

343 Pages·2014·10.181 MB·English

by  Richard De La Rue, Jean-Michel Lourtioz, Siyuan Yu

Editedby
RichardM.DeLaRue,SiyuanYu,and
Jean-MichelLourtioz
CompactSemiconductorLasers
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Edited by
Richard M. De La Rue, Siyuan Yu, and Jean-Michel Lourtioz
Compact Semiconductor Lasers
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VII
Contents
PrefaceandIntroduction XIII
ListofContributors XXI
ColorPlates XXV
1 NanoscaleMetallo-DielectricCoherentLightSources 1
MaziarP.Nezhad,AleksandarSimic,AmitMizrahi,Jin-HyoungLee,
MichaelKats,OlesyaBondarenko,QingGu,VitaliyLomakin,Boris
Slutsky,andYeshaiahuFainman
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 CompositeMetallo-Dielectric-GainResonators 4
1.2.1 CompositeGain-Dielectric-MetalWaveguides 5
1.2.2 CompositeGain-Dielectric-Metal3DResonators 7
1.3 ExperimentalValidationsofSubwavelengthMetallo-DielectricLasers
forOperationatRoom-Temperature 9
1.3.1 FabricationProcessesforSubwavelengthMetallo-Dielectric
Lasers 10
1.3.2 CharacterizationandTestingofSubwavelengthMetallo-Dielectric
Lasers 11
1.4 ElectricallyPumpedSubwavelengthMetallo-DielectricLasers 13
1.4.1 CavityDesignandModelingofElectricallyPumpedSubwavelength
Metallo-DielectricLasers 13
1.4.2 FabricationofElectricallyPumpedSubwavelengthMetallo-Dielectric
Lasers 17
1.4.3 MeasurementsandDiscussionofElectricallyPumpedSubwavelength
Metallo-DielectricLasers 18
1.5 ThresholdlessNanoscaleCoaxialLasers 20
1.5.1 DesignandFabricationofThresholdlessNanoscaleCoaxial
Lasers 22
1.5.2 CharacterizationandDiscussionofThresholdlessNanoscaleCoaxial
Lasers 23
1.6 Summary,Discussions,andConclusions 27
Acknowledgments 29
References 29
VIII Contents
2 OpticallyPumpedSemiconductorPhotonicCrystalLasers 33
FabriceRaineri,AlexandreBazin,andRamaRaj
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 PhotonicCrystalLasers:DesignandFabrication 35
2.2.1 Micro/NanoCavityBasedPhCLasers 36
2.2.1.1 LasersBasedon2DPhCCavities 36
2.2.1.2 LasersBasedon3DPhCCavities 44
2.2.2 Slow-LightBasedPhCLasers:DFB-LikeLasers 46
2.2.2.1 2DPhCDFB-LikeLasersforIn-PlaneEmission 47
2.2.2.2 2DPhCDFB-LikeLasersforSurfaceEmission 50
2.3 PhotonicCrystalLaserCharacteristics 52
2.3.1 RateEquationModelandPhCLaserParameters 52
2.3.1.1 LinearRateEquationModel 52
2.3.1.2 PhCLaserParameters 53
2.3.2 TheStationaryRegimeinPhCLasers 55
2.3.3 DynamicsofPhCLasers 60
2.4 TheFinalAssault:IssuesThatHaveBeenPartiallySolvedandOthers
ThatRemaintoBeSolvedBeforePhotonicCrystalLasersBecome
ReadyforApplication 65
2.4.1 RoomTemperatureContinuousWaveRoomTemperatureOperation
ofPhotonicCrystalNano-Lasers 66
2.4.1.1 CWOperationviaNonradiativeRecombinationReduction 66
2.4.1.2 CWOperationviaIncreasedHeatSinking 69
2.4.2 InterfacingandPowerIssues 74
2.4.2.1 InterfacinganIsolatedPhCCavity-BasedDevicewiththeExternal
World 74
2.4.2.2 InterfacingActive-PhCCavity-BasedDeviceswithinanOptical
Circuit 77
2.5 Conclusions 82
References 83
3 ElectricallyPumpedPhotonicCrystalLasers:LaserDiodesand
QuantumCascadeLasers 91
XavierChecoury,RaffaeleColombelli,andJean-MichelLourtioz
3.1 Introduction 91
3.2 Near-InfraredandVisibleLaserDiodes 93
3.2.1 PhotonicCrystalMicrocavityLasers 93
3.2.1.1 PhotonicCrystalsinSuspended(orSustained)Membrane 93
3.2.1.2 OtherPromisingDesigns 96
3.2.2 WaveguideLasersintheSubstrateApproach:WeakVertical
Confinement 98
3.2.2.1 DFB-LikePhotonicCrystalWaveguideLasers 100
3.2.2.2 αDFBLasers 102
3.2.2.3 RidgeWaveguideLaserswithPhotonicCrystalMirrors 103
3.2.3 PhotonicCrystalSurface-EmittingLasers(PCSELs) 106