Community Colleges and Primary Health Care: Study of Allied Health Education (SAHE) Report.

303 Pages·2011·9.43 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
JC 740 488
ED 099 047
Hawthorne, Mary E.; Perry, J. Warren
AUTHOR
Community Colleges and Primary Health Care: Study of
TITLE
Allied Health Education (SAME) Report.
American Association of Community and Junior
INSTITUTION
Colleges, Washington, D.C.
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, New Brunswick,
SPONS AGENCY
N.J.
74
PUB DATE
NOTE
303p.
American Association of Community and Junior
AVAILABLE FROM
Colleges, One Dupont Circle, N.V., Washington, D.C.
20036 ($1.75)
NF -$0.75 HC-$15.00 PLUS POSTAGE
EDRS PRICE
Action Research; Adult Education; Articulation
DESCRIPTORS
(Program); Books; *Community Colleges; Conferences;
Curriculum Development; *Health Education;
Interviews; *Junior Colleges; Literature Reviews;
*Nursing; Post Secondary Education; *Primary Health
Care; Program Development; Questionnaires; Teacher
Education; Workshops
SAME; *Study of Allied Health Education
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
This report focuses on the Study of Allied Health
Education (SAME) project that was established for the purpose of
designing an action plan on a national scale for allied health and
nursing education. The specific task of the project was the
determination of the role that community and junior colleges might
fulfill in increasing ambulatory care in the United States. The study
involved regional workshops, national conferences, special
interviews, questionnaires, and a literature search. This report
presents the major findings and recommendations resulting from those
activities. The chapters of the book are: 1. SAME Objectives:
Definition of Primary and Ambulatory Care; Objectives--Student
Related Issues; Curriculum Development and Quality of Instruction;
Articulation, Teacher Preparation, and Continuing Education;
Administration and Administrative Costs; Manpower Information;
Emerging Health Care Programs; 2. SAHE Procedures: National Advisory
Committee; National Professional Associations Conferences; Regional
Workshops; Questionnaire: Clinical Instruction; Continuing Education
and Consumer Health Education; 3. SAME Findings: Priorities for SAME
Objectives; Literature Search; Conference and Workshops; SAME
Questionnaire; Status of Clinical Instruction; and Continuing
Education and Consumer Health Education; 4. SANE Recommendations;
Targets of Opportunity; and 5. SAME Projections. Nine appendixes,
three figures, and 16 tables are included. (DB)
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Copyright 1974
American Association of Community
and Junior Colleges
One Dupont Circle, N.W.
Washington. D. C. 20036
Printed in U.S.A.
This publication, a report of
a study of allied health
education and primary health
care, was produced at the
American Association of Community
and Junior Colleges
under a grant from The Robert Wood Johnson
Founda-
tion. Princeton, New Jersey. The opinions.
conclusions,
and proposals presented are solely those
of the authors
and do not necessarily represent the
views of either the
Association or The Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation.
Library of Congress Card Catalog Number
74 -19908
Price: $1.75
foreword
Providing health care services and health maintenance education
for all Americans is a top national priority. Both major political
parties. federal government agencies. and all knowledgeable indi-
viduals concur in this assessment. Differences of opinion exist, how-
ever. not in the broad objective of good health for t.11. but on the spe-
cifics of how to organize and finance nationwide programs. Regard-
less of these differences, it seems reasonable to project escalating
demands for health service personnel. special health care facilities.
and health-oriented instructional programs for all citizens in the
United States.
The American Association of Community and junior Colleges
(AACJC) is a membership network of approximately 1000 institu-
tions currently serving over 3,000.000 students in approximately
3000 allied health and nursing education programs. During the past
decade we have been deeply involved in special projects designed
for the improvement of occupational education in general and of
allied health and nursing education in particular. These projects
have included joint efforts with other national associations and
agencies: they have been funded by grants from W.K. Kellogg
Foundation. The Commonwealth Fund. and the U.S. Department of
Health. Education. and Welfare. This publication is a report of the
recent Study of Allied Health Education (SAHE) which again
brought together national professional associations and foundation
resources to focus on a major problem of nationwide concern. The
study placed particular emphasis on the role and potential of the
community and junior colleges in meeting the country's personnel
needs in primary and ambulatory care. The SAHE project and the
publication of this report were made possible through grants from
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
The Association was most fortunate in obtaining j. Warren Perry.
dean. School of Health Related Professions at the State University of
New York at Buffalo. to serve as project director. Dr. Perry's repu-
tation as one of the national leaders in allied health is well recog-
nized. He contributed unstintingly to SAHE from his broad back-
ground of experience and intense interest in all aspects of allied
health education and practice. During his nine months with the
project. while on leave from SUNY. Buffalo. the AACIC learned to
appreciate more deeply his many talents and to understand why he
is held in such esteem. Dr. Perry selected as his associate Mary E.
Hawthorne. formerly educational advisor to the commander,
iii
it.
School of I Ica Ith Care Sciences. USAF. Wichita Falls. Texcs. Dr.
Hawthorne brought to this work her tireless energy. her flair for
energizing action. and a wide experience combining community col-
lege, university, and military allied health and nursing education
programs and gave SAHE a comprehensive background essential to
the national dimension and potential of this study.
Here at the Association we consider the SAHE to have been one
Of our most significant recent activities. It has provided us with a
beginning pathway toward the achievement of the Aseociation's ob-
jectives related to our community-based. performance-oriented
philosophy. As we see it. the next few years need to be marked by a
concerted effort to chart what is possible. extend what is available.
and develop a supportive framework for it all. SAHE has provided
the model for meeting these needs.
The SAHE staff succeeded in selecting an authoritative advisory
committee in allied health and nursing education. These repre-
sentatives of the health professions and services and educational
administration meticulously constructed the basic statements of is-
sues and opportunities which face community and junior colleges
:4-
and other institutions and agencies with which they must cooperate
in the work of achieving national health goals.
This SAHE report places considerable emphasis on the need for
maintaining liaison and cooperative work patterns among the col-
leges. hospitals. university medical centers. clinics. and govern-
ment agencies. The very involvement of tha experts representing
the audiences of this report promises that its message will be given
the credence and respectful attention that will bring constructive
action. If this study remains on shelves unread and unattended.
then it will be of little valu3 except as a record of some phenomenal
first meetings-of-minds of hitherto rather independent workers. But.
since it is a high point in the chronicle of community and junior col-
lege allied health and nursing education. we hope it will serve the
higher purposes of stimulating discussion and thought leading to
positive action for America's highest priority goal, as the authors
put it. a "nation of healthy people in a healthful environment."
William G. Shannon
Senior Vice President for Planning and Development
American Association of Community
and junior Colleges
November 1974
preface
Planning without action is futile; action without planning is fatal. In
the broad field of allied health and nursing education there has
been a great deal of planning without action and. it appears. an al-
most equal amount of action without planning. The Study of Allied
Health Education (SAHE) funded by The Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation is a project established for the purpose of designing an
action plan on a national scale for allied health and nursing educa-
tion. with the specific task of determining the role that community
and junior colleges might fulfill in increasing access to primary and
ambulatory rare in the United States. The study involved regional
workshops. national conferences, special interviews. question-
naires. and a literature search; and this report presents the major
findirigs and recommendations stemming from these activities.
The SAHE project has been an enlightening and rewarding ex-
perience for us mainly because of the splendid cooperation we re-
ceived from all who participated. To each one we extend our pro-
found and abiding appreciation: to The Robert Wood Johnson
Foundation for the grant which made the SAHE project and this
publication possible: to the members of the National Advisory Com-
mittee. who responded enthusiastically to our call and worked so
energetically with us throughout the study: to the representatives of
the national health professional associations and government agen-
cies who cooperated and collaborated with us to help shape the di-
rection of the project; to all participants of the regional workshops
who worked so conscientiously to provide the framework for struc-
turing the Targets of Opportunity presented in this publication: and
to the personnel in all the community and junior colleges who re-
sponded to the SAHE questionnaire.
We would also like to express our gratitude to the entire staff of
the American Association of Community and Junior Colleges for
their continuing understanding and support. and to Kenneth G.
Skaggs. in particular. whose help was invaluable in the selection of
the locations and participants for the regional workshops and for
all the logistical arrangements associated with these meetings. We
especially thank Josephine T. Lees for preparing the annotated bib-
liography and for editing. assembling. and proofing the publication.
1Ne sincerely hope that this plan for a national program in allied
health and nursing education will be activated. We also hope that
all future developments in community college allied health and
nursing education will arise from collaborative programs planned
for increasing access to community comprehensive health care and
services.
Mary E. Hawthorne. Ph.D.
SANE Assistant Director
I. Warren Perry. Ph.D.
SAHE Director
November 1974
contents
William G. Shannon
FOREWORD
iu
PREFACE
Mary E. Hawthorneand J. Warren Perry
v
Chapter
SANE Objectives
3
1.
Definition of Primary and
Ambulatory Care
5
Objectives
5
Student Related Issues 6
Group I :
Curriculum Development
Group II :
and Quality of Instruction
6
Articulation, Teacher Preparation,
Gt oup III :
and Continuing Education 6
Administration and Administrative
Group IV:
Costs
7
Manpower Information
Group V :
7
Emerging Health Care Programs
Group VI :
7
2. SAKE Procedur-
8
National Advisory Committee 8
National Professional Associations Conferences 9
Regional Workshops 10
Questionnaire: Clinical Instruction,
Continuing Education, and Consumer Health Education
12
3. SAKE Findings
14
Priorities for SAHE Objectives
14
Literature Search
15
Conferences and Workshops
19
Educational Programs forAssistants
to Primary Care Physicians
19
Allied Health Manpower Information 19
Accreditation and Credential ing Processes
21
SAHEQuestionnaire 22
Responses to t he Survey
22
Evaluation of the Instrument
23
Status of Clinical Instruction.
25
Continuing Education, and Consumer Health Education
Clinical Instruction Data
26
Part I :
Continuing Education Data 30
Part II :
Consumer Health Data
31
Part III :
Summary and Conclusions
35
37
SAME Recommendations: Targets of Opportunity
4.
A Restructured Role for AACJC to Insure Accountability In Com-
munity College Programs for Health Technology Personnel with
Special Emphasis on the Delivery of Primary and Ambulatory
Care 40
Establishment of a Center for Allied Health Information (CAHI) 42
Expansion of the Capability of the Community and Junior Colleges
Ser-
as Local Agencies for Effecting Changes in Local Health Care
vices and Practice Through Allied Health and Nursing Educa-
tion
48
Establishment of Sound Program Management Procedures to In-
sure Accountability for Community College Programs in Allied
Health and Nursing Education 52
Restructuring of Existing Curricula for More Effective Academic
and Clinical Programs in the Health Technologies
54
SAME Projections 57
5.
appendix
A. SANE National Advisory Committee: Members 61
First National Advisory Committee Meeting: Guidelines for
B.
Participants 63
Suggested Procedure for Each Work Group 63
Tentative SAHE Objectives
63
opical
Worksheet for Assigning Priorities to the Five
Objective Groups and to Each of the Sixteen Revised
Objectives
65
National Professional Associations Conferences:
C.
Participants 68
Chicago, Illinois
68
Washington, D.C. 69
Participants at Special Briefings
70
D.
Regional Workshops :
Dates, Location, Chairman 71
E.
Participants 73
Regional Workshops :
Mid-Atlantic 73
New England
74
North Central
74
New York City
76
Southern
77
Western
78
Mountain States
79
F.
Regional Workshops: Guidelines for Participants
81
Overall SAME Project Objectives
81
Regional Workshop Objectives
81
General Procedures
81
Specific Guidelines
82
G.
Determination of Priority Sequence for SANE Objectives
84
H. SANE Questionnaire 89
j. SAHE Bibliography 223
Books
223
Articles, Studies, and Projects
225
Classification of Articles, Studies, and Projects
292
FIGURES
Sequence of Steps Required in a Nationwide Collaborative Effort to
1.
Meet Community Primary and Ambulatory Care Needs
38
Proposed Targets of Opportunity and Their Relationship to the
2.
Achievement of Increased Access to Community Primary and Ambula-
tory Care
39
Center for Allied Health Information I CAH1)Communications
3.
Channels
43
TABLES
I:
The Delivery of Primary and Ambulatory Care
4
Sequence of Objective Groups as Determined by Combined
11:
Data from SAHE National Advisory Committeeand Regional
Workshops
16