Community Care: A Reader

357 Pages·1997·37.457 MB·English

by  Joanna Bornat, Julia Johnson, Charmaine Pereira, David Pilgrim, Fiona Williams (eds.)

COMMUNITY CARE
This Reader forms part of The Open University course Community Care
(1<259), a core course for the Diploma in Health and Social Welfare. The
selection of items is therefore related to other material available to
students. It is designed to evoke the critical understanding of students.
Opinions expressed in it are not necessarily those of the Course Team or
of The Open University. If you are interested in studying the course or
working towards the Diploma, please write to the Information Officer,
School of Health and Social Welfare, The Open University, Walton Hall,
Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK.
Also published by Macmillan Education in association with The Open University
HEALTH AND WELLBEING
Edited by Alan Beattie, Marjorie Gott, Linda Jones and Moyra Sidell
MENTAL HEALTH MA TIERS
Edited by Tom Heller, Jill Reynolds, Roger Gomm, Rosemary Muston
and Stephen Pattison
SPEAKING OUR MINDS
Edited by Jim Read and Jill Reynolds
THE CHALLENGE OF PROMOTING HEALTH
Edited by Linda Jones and Moyra Sidell
PROMOTING HEALTH
Edited by Jeanne Katz and Alyson Peberdy
HEALTH PROMOTION
Edited by Angela Scriven and Judy Orme
DEBATES AND DILEMMAS IN PROMOTING HEALTH
Edited by Moyra Sidell, Linda Jones, Alyson Peberdy and Jeanne Katz
COMMUNITY CARE:
A READER
Second Edition
Edited by
Joanna Bomat, Julia Johnson, Charmaine Pereira
David Pilgrim and Fiona Williams
at The Open University
M
in association with
Editorial matter, selection, commissioned articles
©The Open University 1993, 1997
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of
this publication may be made without written permission.
No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or
transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with
the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988,
or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying
issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court
Road, London WIP 9HE.
Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this
publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil
claims for damages.
The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as
the authors of this work in accordance with the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First edition 1993
Reprinted four times
Second edition 1997
Published by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndrnills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG2 1 6XS
and London
Companies and representatives
throughout the world
ISBN 978-0-333-69847-1 ISBN 978-1-349-26087-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-26087-4
A catalogue record for this book is available
from the British Library.
This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and
made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98
Contents
Acknowledgements ix
Introduction xi
I Community
1 Introduction 3
2 Anthology: the breadth of community 5
compiled by Charmaine Pereira
3 Representations of community 22
Joanna Bornat
4 Women and community 34
Fiona Williams
5 The social basis of community care 45
Martin Bulmer
6 Neighbourhood care and social policy: extracts 52
Philip Abrams, Sheila Abrams, Robin Humphrey and Ray Snaith
Edited by Ray Snaith
7 Neighbours 60
Suzy Croft and Peter Beresford
8 Two views of community service: 68
(a) Reflections of a voluntary worker 68
Margaret Simey
(b) Community as service 72
Eileen and Stephen Yeo
v
vi Contents
II Care
9 Introduction 79
10 Anthology 81
compiled by Fiona Williams
11 Filial obligations and kin support for elderly people 96
Jane Finch and Jennifer Mason
12 At home and alone: families and young adults with
challenging behaviour 107
Jane Hubert
13 Breaking the silence: black and ethnic minority carers and
service provision 114
Y asmin Gunaratnam
14 Feminist perspectives on caring 124
Hilary Graham
15 Older male carers and community care 134
Mike Fisher
16 Caring and citizenship: a complex relationship 144
Clare Ungerson
17 The principles of collective care 153
Gillian Dalley
18 'Us' and 'them'? Feminist research and community care 160
Jenny Morris
III Policy
19 Introduction 171
20 Anthology: policy 173
compiled by David Pilgrim and Julia Johnson
21 Human need and the moral right to optimal community care 185
Len Doyal
Contents vii
22 Community care policy: from consensus to conflict 196
Alan Walker
23 The structured dependency of the elderly: a creation of
social policy in the twentieth century 221
Peter Townsend
24 When 'ordinary' isn't enough: a review of the concept
of normalisation 227
Hilary Brown and Jan Walmsley
25 Managing madness: changing ideas and practice 237
Joan Busfield
26 Mental health seryices in the twenty-first century: the
user-professional divide 245
David Pilgrim
27 Housing choices and community care 254
Judith Hudson, Lynn Watson and Graham Allan
IV Practice
28 Introduction 263
29 Anthology charters 266
compiled by Joanna Bornat
30 Care management and social work 277
Malcolm Payne
31 The implications of information technology in social care 287
Bryan Glastonbury
32 The impact of quasi-markets on community care 293
Lesley Hoyes and Robin Means
33 Elfrida Rathbone Islington: an experience of contracting 304
Christina Schwabenland
34 Disability, discrimination and local authority social services:
the users' perspective 317
Clare Evans
viii Contents
35 The right to make choices 323
Ann Macfarlane
36 Involving people with learning difficulties in meetings 326
Andrea Whittaker
37 Community development: changing directions 335
Marilyn Taylor
Index 343
Acknowledgements
The authors and publishers wish to thank the following for permission to
use copyright material:
Cambridge University Press for material from Janet Finch and Jennifer
Mason, 'Filial obligations and kin support for elderly people', Ageing and
Society, Vol. 10, 1990; and Peter Townsend, 'The structured dependency
of the elderly: a creation of social policy in the twentieth century', Ageing
and Society, Vol. 1, No.1, 1981; Centre for Human Service Technology for
material from Bryan Glastonbury, 'Risk, Information Technology and
Social Care', New Technology in the Human Services, Vol. 8, No. 3;
Community Care for material from Ann MacFarlane, 'The Right to Make
Choices', Community Care, 1.11.90; Confederation of Health Service
Employees for material from Community Care: Which Way Forward?, 1990;
Critical Social Policy for material from Harriet Cain and Nira Yuval
Davis, 'The Equal Opportunities Community', Critical Social Policy, Vol.
10, No. 2, 1990; Disabled Peoples' International (European Region)
Independent Living Group for a statement from the Strasbourg Indepen
dent Living Expert Seminar, April, 1989; Free Association Books
for material from Joanna Ryan (with Frank Thomas), 'Concepts of
Normalization' in The Politics of Mental Handicap, 2nd ed., 1987; Freedom
to Care for 'Ten Principles of Accountability'; Guardian News Service
Ltd for material from Kate Cooney, 'Carers may be angels but does that
make their dependents devils?', The Guardian, 2.1.91; and John Palmer,
'Expanding Community may find itself tongue-tied', The Guardian,
19.3.91; The Controller of Her Majesty's Stationery Office for material
from R. Snaith, ed. Neighbourhood Care and Social Policy, 1989, Residential
Care: A Positive Choice and Community Care: Agenda for Action; Joint Unit
for Social Services Research on behalf of Social Services Monograph for
material from Jane Hubert, 'At Home and Alone: families and young
adults with challenging behaviour' in Better Lives: Changing Services for
People with Learning Difficulties, ed. Tim Booth, 1990, Social Services
Monographs: Research in Practice, Sheffield; Joseph Rowntree Foun-
ix