Communications Receivers: DSP, Software Radios, and Design, 3rd Edition

730 Pages·2000·5.93 MB·English

by  Ulrich Rohde

CommunicationsReceivers:
DSP,SoftwareRadios,andDesign
ThirdEdition
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CommunicationsReceivers:
DSP,SoftwareRadios,andDesign
ThirdEdition
UlrichL.Rohde
SynergyMicrowaveCorp.
JerryC.Whitaker
TechnicalPress
McGraw-Hill
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DOI: 10.1036/0071369651
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Table Of Contents
Preface xiii
Chapter 1: Basic Radio Considerations 1
Radio Communications Systems 1
Radio Transmission and Noise 6
Modulation 12
Analog Modulation 13
Modulation for Digital Signals 18
Digital Signal Processing 32
Analog-to-Digital (A/D) Conversion 33
Digital-to-Analog (D/A) Conversion 36
Converter Performance Criteria 38
Processing Signal Sequences 39
Digital Filters 46
Nonlinear Processes 51
Decimation and Interpolation 55
DSP Hardware and Development Tools 57
Example DSP Device 58
Radio Receiver Configurations 63
Superheterodyne Receivers 66
An Historical Perspective on Active Devices 68
Typical Radio Receivers 69
Analog Receiver Design 69
Mixed-Mode MFSK Communication System 72
PLL CAD Simulation 76
Design Example: The EB200 78
References 87
Bibliography 87
Additional Suggested Reading 90
Chapter 2: Radio Receiver Characteristics 91
Introduction 91
The Radio Channel 91
Channel Impulse Response 93
Doppler Effect 98
Transfer Function 100
Time Response of Channel Impulse Response and Transfer Function 101
Radio System Implementation 103
Input Characteristics 104
Gain, Sensitivity, and Noise Figure 104
Selectivity 110
Dynamic Range 111
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Desensitization 113
AM Cross Modulation 114
IM 115
Reciprocal Mixing 117
Phase Errors 120
Error Vector Magnitude 122
Spurious Outputs 122
Gain Control 127
BFO 130
Output Characteristics 130
Baseband Response and Noise 130
Harmonic Distortion 132
IM Distortion 132
Transient Response 133
Frequency Accuracy and Stability 134
Frequency Settling Time 136
Electromagnetic Interference 138
Digital Receiver Characteristics 140
BER Testing 140
Transmission and Reception Quality 141
References 143
Bibliography 143
Additional Suggested Reading 144
Chapter 3: Receiver System Planning 145
The Receiver Level Plan 145
Calculation of NF 146
Noise Factor for Cascaded Circuits 150
Noise Correlation Matrix 151
Calculation of IP 156
Example of NF and IP Calculation 159
Spurious Response Locations 160
D-H Traces 165
Selectivity 169
Single-Tuned Circuit 170
Coupled Resonant Pairs 170
Complex Filter Characteristics 173
Butterworth Selectivity 174
Chebyshev Selectivity 176
Thompson or Bessel Selectivity 177
Equiripple Linear Phase 178
Transitional Filters 178
Elliptic Filters 182
Special Designs and Phase Equalization 182
Filter Design Implementation 183
LC Filters 183
Electrical Resonators 184
Electromechanical Filters 186
Quartz Crystal Resonators 187
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Monolithic Crystal Filters 187
Ceramic Filters 188
Resistor-Capacitor(RC) Active Filters 188
Semiconductor-Based Filters 189
Time-Sampled Filters 189
Discrete Fourier andzTransforms 193
Discrete-Time-Sampled Filters 196
Analog-Sampled Filter Implementations 196
Digital Processing Filters 201
Frequency Tracking 205
IF and Image Frequency Rejection 210
Electronically-Tuned Filter 213
Diode Performance 213
A VHF Example 216
References 218
Additional Suggested Reading 219
Chapter 4: Antennas and Antenna Coupling 221
Introduction 221
Antenna Coupling Network 221
Coupling Antennas to Tuned Circuits 224
Small Antennas 226
Whip Antennas 228
Loop Antennas 230
Multielement Antennas 238
Log-Periodic Antenna 239
Yagi-Uda Antenna 239
Reflector Antenna 240
Array Antenna 240
Phased Array Antenna Systems 241
Active Antennas 241
Application Considerations 243
References 254
Additional Suggested Reading 255
Chapter 5: Amplifiers and Gain Control 257
Introduction 257
Amplifying Devices and Circuits 258
Representation of Linear Two-Ports 262
Noise in Linear Two-Ports with Reactive Elements 267
Wide-Band Amplifiers 272
Amplifiers with Feedback 278
Gain Stability 278
Noise Considerations 279
Types of Feedback 282
Mixed Feedback Circuits 285
Base-Emitter Feedback Circuit 289
Gain Control of Amplifiers 291
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AGC 292
Gibbs Phenomenon 297
AGC Response Time 298
Effect of IF Filter Delays 300
Analysis of AGC Loops 301
Dual-Loop AGC 307
Digital Switching AGC 312
Integrated IF Amplifier Systems 312
Digital IF Processing 313
Design Example 315
Selecting an Amplifier 316
References 318
Additional Suggested Reading 318
Chapter 6: Mixers 321
Introduction 321
Key Terms 322
Passive Mixers 325
Active Mixers 335
Switching Mixers 339
IC-Based Mixers 339
Gilbert Cell Mixer 345
Gilbert Cell Performance Analysis 347
Wide Dynamic Range Converters 353
Process Gain 356
Mixer Design Considerations 356
Design Examples 359
References 362
Additional Suggested Reading 364
Product Resources 366
Chapter 7: Frequency Control and Local Oscillators 367
Introduction 367
Key Terms 368
Phase-Locked Loop Synthesizers 370
The Type 2, Second-Order Loop 371
Transient Behavior of Digital Loops Using Tri-State Phase Detectors 375
Practical PLL Circuits 387
Fractional-Division Synthesizers 395
Spur-Suppression Techniques 397
Noise in Synthesizers 402
Practical Discrete Component Examples 413
Practical Examples of IC-Based Oscillator Circuits 425
Noise and Performance Analysis of PLL Systems 432
Design Process 434
Multiloop Synthesizers 436
Direct Digital Synthesis 441
Monolithic PLL Systems 444
viii