Communication, expertise, and organization

305 Pages·2015·1.355 MB·English

by  Jeffrey W. Treem, Paul M. Leonardi

OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/5/2016,SPi
Expertise, Communication, and Organizing
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/5/2016,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/5/2016,SPi
Expertise,
Communication,
and Organizing
Edited by
Jeffrey W. Treem and Paul M. Leonardi
1
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/5/2016,SPi
3
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,4/5/2016,SPi
■ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
First and foremost wewould liketothankallof the contributors tothis book.
When we were in the initial stages of this project we generated a list of the
foremost scholars studying the intersection of expertise, communication, and
organizing—our dream team of authors. Our hope was perhaps half of them
wouldentertainourinvitation,buttoourimmensesurpriseeachofthemagreed
toparticipateinthiswork.Thecontributorswereaskedtobebold,provocative,
and offer insights that would advance the study of expertise, and each one of
themdelivered. Wecouldnot have asked for better groupofscholars towork
withandthisbookisaproductoftheirintellect,generosity,andyes,expertise.
Ourgoalwastoproduceacoherentvolumethatismorethanacollectionof
singular entries. This could not have been accomplished without the partici-
pationof theauthorsin aworkshop heldin Austin,Texas, inthesummer of
2014.Theconversations,questioning,anddebatesthattookplaceduringthat
workshop were invaluable in clarifying the focus of the book and aiding the
development of the individual contributions. We would like to thank the
Moody College of Communication at The University of Texas at Austin for
hostingandfundingthisworkshop.SpecificallywewanttorecognizeRoderick
Hart for his support of this project from its inception. Following the work-
shop,aCAREERgrantfromtheNationalScienceFoundation(SES-1057148)
provided time and resources to develop material that found its way into this
book. Additionally, Northwestern University’s School of Communication
providedfinancialassistancethataidedintheproductionofthebook.
Oneareawherewecertainlylackexpertiseisinpublishing.Throughoutthis
processwewereextremelyfortunatetohavehadtheguidanceandsupportof
oureditorDavidMussonatOxfordUniversityPress,aswellasthebenefitof
hisgreateditorialstaff.AspecialthankyoutoClareKennedyforherpatience
andcounselthroughoutthisproject.
In putting together this book about expertise we were reminded at every
stephowlittleweknowaboutsomanythings,andhowmuchwerelyonthe
kindness and support of others to do our work. In that spirit we want to
acknowledgethehelpofourcolleaguesandfriendswhowerewillingtoanswer
questions or look over materials when asked. Finally, we want to thank our
familieswhodespiteourglaringlackofexpertiseinsomanyareasstillloveus
andencourageusinourefforts.
JeffreyW.Treem
PaulM.Leonardi
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■ CONTENTS
LISTOFFIGURES ix
LISTOFTABLES xi
LISTOFCONTRIBUTORS xiii
1 WhatisExpertise?WhoisanExpert?SomeDefinitiveAnswers 1
JeffreyW.TreemandPaulM.Leonardi
PARTI FRAMEWORKSFORTHESTUDYOFEXPERTISE
ANDORGANIZING
2 ExpertiseasaPracticalAccomplishmentamongObjectsandValues 25
TimothyKuhnandJensRennstam
3 Technical,Arcane,Interpersonal,andEmbodiedExpertise 44
JoshuaB.Barbour,PaulA.Sommer,andRebeccaGill
4 ThreeDimensionsofExpertise 60
HarryCollins
PARTII REVIEWINGDIMENSIONSOFEXPERTISEIN
ORGANIZATIONALCONTEXTS
5 TheImpactofCommunicationBehaviorsonExpertiseRecognition
inInterculturalCollaboration 79
WangLiao,PatrickMacDonald,andY.ConnieYuan
6 ExpertiseFinding 100
DavidT.Merritt,MarkS.Ackerman,andPei-YaoHung
7 JudgingtheCompetence(andIncompetence)ofCo-Workers 123
KayYoon,NainaGupta,andAndreaB.Hollingshead
PARTIII EXPERTISEASCOMMUNICATEDWITHINPROFESSIONAL
CONTEXTS
8 ExpertiseinContext:InteractionintheDoctors’Room
ofanEmergencyDepartment 145
JohnC.Lammers,NatalieJ.Lambert,BryanAbendschein,
TobiasReynolds-Tylus,andKiraA.Varava
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viii CONTENTS
9 LearningExpertiseinEngineeringDesignWork:CreatingSpace
forExpertstoMakeMistakes 168
PatriceM.BuzzanellandZiyuLong
10 CommunicationExpertiseasOrganizationalPractice:Competing
IdeasaboutCommunicationintheMarketforSolutions 189
MarkAakhus,PunitDadlani,RalphA.Gigliotti,
ChristineGoldthwaite,AllieKosterich,andSurabhiSahay
PARTIV NEWDIRECTIONSFORTHESTUDYOFEXPERTISE,
COMMUNICATION,ANDORGANIZING
11 Explainingthe(De)valuationofProcessExpertsin
ContemporaryOrganizations 213
JeffreyW.TreemandWilliamC.Barley
12 ManagingDispersedandDynamicExpertiseinFluid
OrganizationalForms 232
BartvandenHooffandJuliaKotlarsky
13 ConceptualizingMultilevelExpertise 251
JanetFulk
AUTHOR INDEX 271
SUBJECT INDEX 277
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■ LIST OF FIGURES
2.1 ElementsoftheAccomplishmentofExpertiseinOrganizing 28
4.1 ThePeriodicTableofExpertises 61
4.2 Expertise-SpaceDiagram 63
4.3 AnEsotericDomain 65
4.4 ANear-UbiquitousDomain 66
4.5 HistoricorLocationChangeinCar-Driving 67
4.6 LanguageandLocation 68
4.7 LevelsofEsotericityinOneActivity 70
4.8 Expertise(orisitInformation?)withoutTacitKnowledge 71
4.9 ProfessionalDevelopmentTrajectories 72
5.1 Meansand95%ConfidenceIntervalsofMembers’
CommunicationStylesRatedbyEachOtherin51Four-Person
MultinationalGroups 91
7.1 InformationSeekingMethodsforJudgingCompetenceand
Incompetence 128
8.1 SchematicoftheDoctors’Room 149
8.2 NetworkGraphofEDRolesandtheRelativeNumberof
ConsultationsbetweenEachRoleType 153
8.3 Physician-to-PhysicianConsultationCluster1:Communication
HavingtoDowithPainTreatment 155
8.4 Physician-to-All-OthersConsultationsCluster1:Treatmentand
DiagnosisofPainduringMedicalConsultation 155
8.5 Physician-to-All-OthersConsultationsCluster2:
Communication/Coordination,FeedbackduringMedical
Consultation 156
9.1 Frames/ResourcesforExpertiseProcesses 170