Common Injuries & Ailments

38 Pages·2015·1.31 MB·English

Common Injuries & Ailments
Basic Understanding
• Tendonitis/ Soft tissue injuries
Tendonitis is an inflammation of a tendon. It typically has a pattern of pain
when it’s cool, improves when it warms up, feels bad again when it cools
down. As it progresses, pain may occur during activity even when it’s
warmed up. This is typical of any soft tissue injury.
• Bone
Constantly breaking down and remodeling in a 6 week cycle. Chronic
tightness of a tendon can contribute to bone spur development
Hallux Valgus - Bunions
• What is it? A subluxation of the 1st MPJ with a deviation of the great toe
towards the second with an enlargement of the medial first metatarsal
head.
• Causes: Excessive pronation and narrow footwear. Higher incidence
amongst women than men. Hereditary factors are listed in some
literature.
– Symptoms: Reddened skin over the base of the great toe. Pain over the
joint where the great toe joins the foot (MPJ)
• Effect on Gait: Degraded toe off, excessive pronation due to 1st ray
instability.
Subluxation: Incomplete Dislocation of
Hallux Valgus - Bunions
• Solutions
– If caused by overpronation,
stability or motion control
shoe/insert.
– Educate on proper non-running
footwear choices and pre-
accommodation for a bunion.
– Calluses may be trimmed.
– Icing may help bursitis and pain
symptoms
– (Surgery is above our pay grade)
Hallux Limitus / Rigidus
• What is it?
– Limitus is diminished motion in the first MPJ (Metatarsal Phalangeal
Joint). Rigidus is a continuation.
– Ideal ROM at MPJ at toe off is 65 – 70 degrees. In overpronated foot it
is more like 30 degrees or less.
• Symptoms
– Great toe pain and stiffness
– Abnormal gait. Toe off must come from a different part of the foot.
Hallux Limitus / Rigidus
• Solutions:
– Over the counter foot orthotic, custom orthotic for more severe
conditions.
– Metatarsal bar reduces pressure
– Rocker Bottom
– For severe cases shoe modification – done only be certified
professionals – excavation.
Hammer Toe / Mallet Toe
• What is it? Crooked, bent or buckled toes causing joints to protrude.
• Hammer Toe: Generally found on the second toe, it is a contracture of the
MPJ with a dorsiflexed proximal phalanges and a plantarflexed medial
phalanges.
• Mallet Toe: The tip of the toe (distal phalanges) is turned downward
(plantarflexed).
– Causes: Imbalance of intrinsic and extrinsic muscles, hereditary factors,
excessive pronation, poorly fitted shoes, and bunions.
Hammer Toe / Mallet Toe
• Symptoms: Often asymptomatic but calluses or corns can develop and be
painful.
• Solutions:
– Calluses can be trimmed.
– Corn pads and removal of corns can reduce irritation.
– If caused by overpronation, a stability or motion control shoe/insert
may be helpful.
– Shoe with a wide toe box and well placed overlays
Hammer Toe / Mallet Toe
Hammer Toe Mallet Toe