Table Of ContentCommon Goods and Evils?
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Common Goods and Evils?
The Formation of Global Crime
Governance
Anja P. Jakobi
1
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Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP,
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© Anja P. Jakobi 2013
The moral rights of the author have been asserted
First Edition published in 2013
Impression: 1
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Acknowledgements
This book has been a pleasant and important experience. I will always remem-
ber the dim light in the University of Bielefeld’s library in an evening of mid-
2006, when I—just having fi nished my PhD research—was thinking of what
would be my next research topic. I had several ideas, yet felt that there still
was something broader to be explored. Then I passed a journal on global
crime in the shelf, and I was immediately attracted to it. I am still happy and
grateful for this moment, even if convincing others of the importance of
this subject was partly more diffi cult than I expected. But in the end, it was
well worth it, and I still do not feel any desire to change my research subject.
I hope readers of this book can understand why.
Many people have contributed to my positive experience as a scientist so
far. I am unable to mention all remarks and questions I profi ted from, so
I restrict myself to those with whom I was in exchange about specifi c theoreti-
cal or empirical parts of this project at different points in time. Among them
are Gili S. Drori, Susanne Fischer, Karin Svedberg Helgesson, Georg Krücken,
John W. Meyer, Mark T. Nance, Christopher J. Paun, Francisco Ramirez, Jason
Sharman, Jens Steffek, Eleni Tsingou, and Klaus Dieter Wolf. Collectively,
I would like to thank conference participants at APSA, ISA, and other meet-
ings for good discussions and important thoughts. Parke Nicholson has been
a patient, humorous, and highly constructive language editor. Margaretha
Mühlichen, Bastian Herre, and Svenja Bergemann provided valuable research
and administrative assistance for this book.
The Peace Research Institute Frankfurt has been a great and fl exible place
to host my research in recent years. The German Research Foundation (DFG)
funded major parts of this research through the ‘Cluster of Excellence:
Normative Orders’ at Frankfurt. I also profi ted from Stanford University and
the Department for Sociology where I spend a wonderful spring as Visiting
Researcher in 2011, fi nishing the fi rst parts of this book. The work on this book
was also facilitated by visiting professorships at the University of Frankfurt,
the University of Bielefeld, and the University of Giessen.
v
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AAcckknnoowwlleeddggeemmeennttss
My special gratitude also goes to Dominic Byatt and two anonymous review-
ers for Oxford University Press who showed instant enthusiasm for this book,
and made the review and production stage a very pleasant experience.
Berlin & Frankfurt/Main, December 2012
Anja P. Jakobi
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Contents
List of Figures xi
List of Tables xiii
List of Boxes xv
List of Abbreviations xvii
Introduction
1. Global Crime Governance in World Society 3
Crime Policies and Crime Governance 5
Perspectives on Global Crime and its Governance 9
Existing Explanations for Global Crime Governance 12
World Society Theory and Sociological Institutionalism 18
The Plan of the Book 2 2
Part I: Governance in World Society
2. Power, Change, and Institutions in World Society 2 7
Building a World Society 28
Actors of World Society 31
Bringing Change to World Society 34
Networks as Tools for Institutional Change 40
Rationalization in World Society 42
Variance in World Society 46
Different Logics in World Culture 4 9
World Culture and Institutional Entrepreneurship 52
Part II: Establishing Global Crime Governance
3. The Historical Development of Global Anti-Crime Procedures 59
The Signifi cance of Crime 59
The Background of International Activities 61
Historical Roots of Cooperation 6 6
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Contents
Cooperation since World War II 6 9
Professionalization and Global Anti-Crime Efforts 74
An Expanding International Infrastructure 76
4. The Emergence and Diffusion of Global Anti-Crime Regulations 78
Maritime Piracy 79
Slavery and Prostitution 8 1
Politically Motivated Crime 83
Narcotic Drugs 88
Transnational Organized Crime 96
Cybercrime 108
Enlarging Substantive Commitments 112
5. Global Activities against Money Laundering 114
The Background of Anti-Money Laundering Policies 115
Anti-Money Laundering in the United States 116
The FATF: Establishing a Global Standard 120
The Global Outreach: Expanding the FATF Network 123
Cross-Regional Outreach: Formal and Informal Linkages 1 26
Status Quo: Stabilization of Anti-Money Laundering Policies 130
Global Policy Change in Anti-Money Laundering 134
6. Global Anti-Corruption Norms 136
The Background of Fighting Corruption 136
The United States and the International Fight
against Corruption 1 38
The OECD and Bribery 141
Anti-Corruption in the Organization of American States 144
World Bank Activities against Corruption 1 45
The Council of Europe’s Fight against Corruption 148
Anti-Corruption in the European Union 1 50
The United Nations against Corruption 152
The Global Spread of Anti-Corruption Efforts 1 54
International Standard-Setting against Corruption 158
7. Global Efforts against the Traffi cking of Humans 160
The Background of Human Traffi cking 1 61
Confl icts in Fighting Human Traffi cking 163
The UN Anti-Traffi cking Protocol 166
Anti-Traffi cking in the United States 1 72
The International Monitoring Process 175
Consequences of American Anti-Traffi cking Efforts 178
O ther International Efforts against Human Traffi cking 181
Fragmented International Anti-Traffi cking Measures 183
viii
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Contents
Part III: Comparative Perspectives on Global Crime
Governance
8. The Adoption of Crime Policies: Patterns and Strategies 187
Adopting Crime Policies on the International Level 188
Comparing Patterns of Diffusion 194
Revisiting Coercion in Policy Diffusion 199
Different Ways to Create Global Crime Governance 208
9. Non-State Actors in Global Crime Governance 2 10
The Complexity of Global Crime Governance 211
Non-State Contributions to Crime Governance 2 13
Non-State Actors in the Global Policy Process 2 20
Support and Ambivalence in Transnational Regulation 222
Conclusions
10. Global Crime Governance: Conclusions,
Implications and Outlook 227
Summarizing Global Crime Governance 2 29
Rationalization in International Politics 234
The Distinctiveness of Theorizing World Society 240
Alternative Perspectives on Global Crime Governance 245
Notes 249
Appendices 255
Bibliography 268
Index 303
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