Table Of ContentCommon Contact Allergens
Common Contact
Allergens
A Practical Guide to Detecting Contact
Dermatitis
Edited by
John McFadden
Consultant Dermatologist
Department of Cutaneous Allergy
St John’s Institute of Dermatology
King’s College, Guy’s Hospital
London, UK
Pailin Puangpet
Consultant Dermatologist
Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Clinic, Institute of Dermatology
Bangkok, Thailand
Korbkarn Pongpairoj
Consultant Dermatologist
Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine
Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital
Thai Red Cross Society
Bangkok, Thailand
Supitchaya Thaiwat
Consultant Dermatologist
Contact Dermatitis clinic, Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine
Phramongkutklao Hospital
Bangkok, Thailand
Lee Shan Xian
Consultant Dermatologist
Department of Dermatology
Changi General Hospital
Singapore
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data
Names: McFadden, John (Dermatologist), editor. | Puangpet, Pailin,
editor. | Pongpairoj, Korbkarn, editor. | Thaiwat, Supitchaya, editor. | Lee,
Shan Xian, editor.
Title: Common contact allergens : a practical guide to detecting
contact dermatitis / edited by John McFadden, Pailin Puangpet, Korbkarn Pongpairoj,
Supitchaya Thaiwat, Lee Shan Xian.
Description: Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2020. | Includes bibliographical
references and index. |
Identifiers: LCCN 2019011947 (print) | LCCN 2019014062 (ebook) | ISBN
9781119405719 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119452812 (ePub) | ISBN 9781119405665
(hardback)
Subjects: | MESH: Dermatitis, Contact–diagnosis | Allergens–adverse effects
| Patch Tests–methods
Classification: LCC RL244 (ebook) | LCC RL244 (print) | NLM WR 175 | DDC
616.97/3–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019011947
Cover Design: Wiley
Cover Images: © AFPics/Shutterstock, © sdecoret/Shutterstock
Set in 9.5/12pt Minion by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Dedications
John McFadden: To all my family, friends and colleagues. An especial dedication to Dr. Ian White who has been a teacher, m entor,
colleague and friend at St John’s for over 25 years.
Pailin Puangpet: For my family, teachers, friends and colleagues.
Korbkarn Pongpairoj: For all my beloved family, teachers, colleagues, and patients.
Supitchaya Thaiwat: I dedicate this book to my father, my other family members, my teachers, and my colleagues.
Lee Shan Xian: I would like to thank my family (especially my husband and son) for their unwavering support, my mentors, my
friends/colleagues, and our patients for teaching me so much.
Contents
List of Contributors, ix Preservatives, 181
Preface, xi 15 Formaldehyde, 181
About the Companion Website, xiii
16 Quaternium‐15, 187
17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea, 191
Section 1: Methodology, 1
18 2‐Bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol, 197
1 Immunology of Allergic Contact Dermatitis, 3
19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone, 201
2 Patch Test Technique, 5
20 Methylisothiazolinone, 205
3 The Detective’s Guide to Contact Dermatitis, 15
21 Parabens, 211
4 History, Microhistory, and Sources of Contact
Allergen Exposure, 23 Dyes, 217
5 Microexamination, 55 22 para‐Phenylenediamine, 217
6 Setting up a Patch Test Practice, 89 23 Disperse Blue 106, 227
7 The Role of Providers of Patch Test Products, 93
Rubber, 233
Section 2: Non‐Allergic Dermatoses, 99 24 Rubber: Mercaptobenzothiazole, Mercapto Mix, Thiurams,
Carbamates, Thioureas, N‐Isopropyl‐N’‐Phenyl‐p‐
8 Elimination or Inclusion of Non‐Allergic
phenylenediamine, 233
Skin Diseases, 101
9 Irritant Contact Dermatitis, 123
Resins, 245
25 Colophonium, 245
Section 3: Common Contact Allergens, 127
26 Epoxy Resin, 255
Metals, 129 27 Tosylamide Formaldehyde Resin, 263
10 Nickel, 129 28 para‐Tertiary‐Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin, 267
11 Cobalt, 145
Plants, 273
12 Chromate, 151
29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix, 273
13 Gold, 161
30 Primin, 281
Fragrances, 167
Medicaments, 287
14 Fragrances Incorporating Fragrance Mix 1, Fragrance
31 Neomycin, 287
Mix 2, Hydroxyisoheyl 3‐cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde,
Limonene, and Linalool, 167 32 Clioquinol, 293
vii
viii Contents
33 Benzocaine, 297 19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylsiothiazolinone
34 Tixocortol‐21‐pivalate, Budesonide, 20 Methylisothiazolinone
and Hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate, 303
21 Parabens
22 para-Phenylenediamine
Others, 311
24 Rubber
35 Lanolin, 311
25 Colophonium
36 Cetearyl Alcohol, 317
26 Epoxy Resin
Index, 321
28 4-tert-Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin
E-Supplements 29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix
10 Nickel 30 Primin
11 Cobalt 31 Neomycin
12 Chromate 32 Clioquinol
14 Fragrances 33 Benzocaine
15 Formaldehyde 34 Corticosteroids: Tixocortol-21-pivalate, Budesonide, and
Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate
16 Quaternium 15
35 Lanolin
17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea
List of Contributors
Dr. Mahbub M.U. Chowdhury Dr. Elin Dafydd Owen
Consultant Dermatologist Cutaneous Allergy Fellow
The Welsh Institute of Dermatology The Welsh Institute of Dermatology
University Hospital Wales University Hospital Wales
Cardiff, Wales, UK Cardiff, Wales, UK
Setting up a Patch Test Practice Setting up a Patch Test Practice
Bo Niklasson
CEO, President
Chemotechnique Diagnostics
Vellinge, Sweden
The Role of Providers of Patch Test Products
Associate Chapter Editors
Professor Klaus Ejner Andersen Professor Magnus Bruze
Institute of Clinical Research Professor of Occupational Dermatology
University of Southern Denmark Department of Occupational and Environmental Dermatology
and Lund University
Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre Skåne University Hospital
Odense University Hospital Malmö, Sweden
Odense, Denmark Gold
Nickel
Dr. David Basketter Dr. Deirdre Buckley
Toxicologist Consultant Dermatologist
DABMEB Consultancy Ltd. Department of Dermatology
Bedford, UK Royal United Hospital
Preservatives Bath, UK
para‐Phenylenediamine Fragrances
Immunology of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Dr. John English
Dr. Mike Beck
Consultant Dermatologist
Emeritus Consultant Dermatologist
Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust
Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit
Nottingham, UK
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
Colophonium
Manchester, UK
Epoxy Resin
Patch Test Technique
PTBP Resin
History, Microhistory and Allergen Exposure
Lanolin
Corticosteroids
Dr. Johnny Bourke
Consultant Dermatologist
Department of Dermatology Professor Chee Leok Goh
South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital Clinical Professor
Cork City, Ireland National Skin Centre
Clioquinol Singapore
Neomycin Potassium Dichromate
ix
x List of Contributors
Dr. Graham Johnston Associate Professor Rosemary Nixon
Honorary Associate Professor Director, Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre
Department of Dermatology Skin and Cancer Foundation Inc.
University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Melbourne, VIC, Australia
Infirmary Square Tosylamide Formaldehyde Resin
Leicester, UK
Cobalt
Dr. David Orton
Consultant Dermatologist
Dr. Christopher Lovell
152 Harley Street Ltd
Consultant Dermatologist London, UK
Royal United Hospital Rubber Chemicals
Combe Park Cetearyl Alcohol
Bath, UK
Sesquiterpene Lactone and Compositae
Primin Dr. Jason Williams
Consultant Dermatologist
Professor Howard Maibach Contact Dermatitis Investigation Unit
Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust
Department of Dermatology
Manchester, UK
University of California
Benzocaine
San Francisco, CA, USA
Disperse Blue 106
Preface
In many ways practising contact dermatitis resembles the work decide on the clinical relevance of the contact allergy identified
of a detective. They both require searching for clues in a by patch testing.
systematic, detailed manner. They also both require a thorough Electronic supplements for the allergen chapters give extra
grasp of relevant subject information and skills learnt from clinical, epidemiological, immunological and chemical material
previous purposeful experience. This book aims to assist the for an inquiring mind.
physician in acquiring the skills necessary for optimal clinical All but two of the chapters have been drafted by the five
practice in contact dermatitis. co-editors. This was a deliberate decision to keep the style and
The first section addresses methodology. Concepts such as presentation consistent throughout the book. We have been
microhistory and microexamination are introduced. We illus- fortunate to have, as associate chapter editors, some of the
trate a detailed, systematic approach to contact dermatitis. leading international experts in the chapters they have ‘refereed’,
The second section gives a grounding in common non- allergic invariably improving the content.
dermatitis/dermatoses. Approximately half of the patients seen We hope this book provides the methodology and background
in patch test clinics do not have allergic contact dermatitis, so knowledge to assist the reader to practise contact dermatitis pur-
recognising these other dermatitis/dermatoses is essential. posefully. Practising contact dermatitis can be fully rewarding
The third section involves common contact allergens that and of great benefit to the physician’s patient. We wish you every
physicians are likely to encounter. Allergens are reported within success.
their individual chapters. Key points followed by a synopsis of
clinical disease are presented in a coherent, systematic way. John McFadden
Where appropriate, allergen profiling (potential sources of Pailin Puangpet
allergen exposure, routes of allergen exposure and clinical Korbkarn Pongpairoj
manifestations of contact allergy) is demonstrated. Bullet points Supitchaya Thaiwat
have been color coded according to exposure sources. and
Throughout this section the emphasis is on helping the physician Lee Shan Xian
xi
