Table Of ContentCELL BIOLOGY: A Series of Monographs
EDITORS
D. E. BUETOW I. L. CAMERON
Department of Physiology Department of Cellular and
and Biophysics Structural Biology
University of Illinois The University of Texas
Urbana, Illinois Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas
G. M. PADILLA A. M. ZIMMERMAN
Department of Physiology Department of Zoology
Duke University Medical Center University of Toronto
Durham, North Carolina Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Recently published volumes
Ian R. Brown (editor). MOLECULAR APPROACHES TO NEUROBIOLOGY, 1982
Henry C. Aldrich and John W. Daniel (editors). CELL BIOLOGY OF PHYSARUM AND DIDYMIUM. Volume I:
Organisms, Nucleus, and Cell Cycle, 1982; Volume II: Differentiation, Metabolism, and Methodology, 1982
John A. Heddle (editor). MUTAGENICITY: New Horizons in Genetic Toxicology, 1982
Potu N. Rao, Robert T. Johnson, and Karl Sperling (editors). PREMATURE CHROMOSOME CONDENSA-
TION: Application in Basic, Clinical, and Mutation Research, 1982
George M. Padilla and Kenneth S. McCarty, Sr. (editors). GENETIC EXPRESSION IN THE CELL CYCLE,
1982
David S. McDevitt (editor). CELL BIOLOGY OF THE EYE, 1982
P. Michael Conn (editor). CELLULAR REGULATION OF SECRETION AND RELEASE, 1982
Govindjee (editor). PHOTOSYNTHESIS, Volume I: Energy Conversion by Plants and Bacteria, 1982; Volume II:
Development, Carbon Metabolism, and Plant Productivity, 1982
John Morrow (editor). EUKARYOTIC CELL GENETICS, 1983
John F. Hartmann (editor). MECHANISM AND CONTROL OF ANIMAL FERTILIZATION, 1983
Gary S. Stein and Janet L. Stein (editors). RECOMBINANT DNA AND CELL PROLIFERATION, 1984
Prasad S. Sunkara (editor). NOVEL APPROACHES TO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY, 1984
Burr G. Atkinson and David B. Waiden (editors). CHANGES IN EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION IN RE-
SPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS, 1985
Reginald M. Gorczynski (editor). RECEPTORS IN CELLULAR RECOGNITION AND DEVELOPMENTAL
PROCESSES, 1986
Govindjee, Jan Amesz, and David Charles Fork (editors). LIGHT EMISSION BY PLANTS AND BACTERIA,
1986
Peter B. Moens (editor). MEIOSIS, 1987
Robert A. Schlegel, Margaret S. Halleck, and Potu N. Rao (editors). MOLECULAR REGULATION OF
NUCLEAR EVENTS IN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS, 1987
Monique C. Braude and Arthur M. Zimmerman (editors). GENETIC AND PERINATAL EFFECTS OF
ABUSED SUBSTANCES, 1987
E. J. Rauckman and George M. Padilla (editors). THE ISOLATED HEPATOCYTE. USE IN TOXICOLOGY
AND XENOBIOTIC BIOTRANSFORMATIONS, 1987
Heide Schatten and Gerald Schatten (editors). THE MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF FERTILIZATION, 1989
Heide Schatten and Gerald Schatten (editors). THE CELL BIOLOGY OF FERTILIZATION, 1989
Anwar Nasim, Paul Young, and Byron F. Johnson (editors). MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE FISSION
YEAST, 1989
Mary Pat Moyer and George H. Poste (editors). COLON CANCER CELLS, 1990
Colon Cancer Cells
Edited by
Mary Pat Moyer
The Center for Human Cell Biotechnology
Department of Surgery
The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
San Antonio, Texas
George H. Poste
Smith Kline & French Laboratories
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
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This book is printed on acid-free paper. @
Copyright © 1990 by Academic Press, Inc.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Colon cancer cells / edited by Mary Pat Moyer, George H. Poste,
p. cm.
Includes index.
ISBN 0-12-509375-6 (alk. paper)
1. Colon (Anatomy)—Cancer. 2. Cancer cells. I. Moyer, Mary
Pat. II. Poste, George.
[DNLM: 1. Colonic Neoplasms—physiopathology. WI 520 C71705]
RC280.C6C634 1989
616.99'4347—dc20
DNLM/DLC
for Library of Congress 89-6886
CIP
Printed in the United States of America
90 91 92 93 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors1 contributions begin.
James L. Abbruzzese (369), Section of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Diges-
tive Diseases, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor
Institute at Houston, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030
J. Bradley Aust (85), Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7842
R. Daniel Beauchamp (253), Department of Surgery, The University of Texas
Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550
Elana J. Bloom (429), 151-M2 Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Veterans
Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia 94121, and Cancer Research Institute, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94121
Robert S. Bresalier (341), Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Veterans
Administration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, Cali-
fornia 94121, and the Department of Medicine, University of California, San
Francisco, California 94121
Ivan L. Cameron (63), Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl
Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7762
Jorge A. Carrasquillo (497), National Institutes of Health, Clinical Center, De-
partment of Nuclear Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland 20205
David Colcher (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Alison L. Culpepper (85), The Center for Human Cell Biotechnology, Depart-
ment of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San An-
tonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7842
xiii
xiv Contributors
Robert Cunningham (397), Bureau of Biologies, National Center for Drugs and
Biologies, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20205
Eleanor E. Deschner (41), Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering
Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
Patricia S. Dixon (85), The Center for Human Cell Biotechnology, Department
of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio,
San Antonio, Texas 78284-7842
Isaiah J. Fidler (311), Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas
System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Hous-
ton, 6723 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030
Adi F. Gazdar (227), NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer
Institute and Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Raffaella Giavazzi (311), Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research,
Via Gavazzeni 11, 24100 Bergamo, Italy
Martin H. Goldrosen (453), Tumor Immunology and Biochemistry Laboratory,
Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo,
New York 14263
Russell Greig (1, 521), Department of Cell Biology, Smith Kline & French
Laboratories, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
Jack Greiner (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Carolyn Ernst Grotkowski (475), Department of Pathology and Laboratory
Medicine, The Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
19129
Patricia Horan Hand (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Mary-
land 20892
Michael G. Hanna, Jr. (497), Bionetics Research, Inc., 1330-A Piccard Drive,
Rock ville, Maryland 20850
Martin V. Haspel (497), Bionetics Research, Inc., 1330-A Piccard Drive,
Rockville, Maryland 20850
David W. Heitman (63), Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, Uni-
versity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl
Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284
E. Douglas Holyoke (453), Tumor Immunology and Biochemistry Laboratory,
Department of Surgical Oncology, Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo,
New York 14263
Keithley E. Hunter (63), Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl
Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7762
Steven H. Itzkowitz (429), Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Veterans
Contributors XV
Administration Medical Center, and Department of Medicine, University of
California, San Francisco, California 94121
John M. Jessup (311), Department of Surgery, The University of Texas System
Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston,
6723 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030
Young S. Kim (341, 429), Gastrointestinal Research Laboratory, Veterans Ad-
ministration Medical Center, 4150 Clement Street, San Francisco, California
94121, and Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of California,
San Francisco, California 94121
Bernard Levin (369), Section of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Digestive Dis-
eases, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute
at Houston, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, Texas 77030
Gordon D. Luk (279), Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School
of Medicine, Harper Hospital, Detroit, Michigan 48201
Richard P. McCabe (497), Bionetics Research Institute, Inc., 1330-A Piccard
Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850
Kiyoshi Morikawa (311), Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas
System Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Hous-
ton, 6723 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030
Mary Pat Moyer (85, 155, 203), The Center for Human Cell Biotechnology,
Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San
Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7824
Raffaella Muraro (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, Na-
tional Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892
Philip Noguchi (397), Bureau of Biologies, National Center for Drugs and Bio-
logics, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland 20205
Noriaki Ohuchi (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Herbert K. Oie (227), NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer
Institute and Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Virginia A. Ord (63), Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, The
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl
Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7762
Jae-Gahb Park1 (227), NCI-Navy Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer
Institute and Naval Hospital, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
Sen Pathak (311), Department of Cell Biology, The University of Texas System
Cancer Center, M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute at Houston,
6723 Bertner Avenue, Houston, Texas 77030
'Current address: Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University and
Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
xvi Contributors
Sidney Pestka (397), Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology,
Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry
of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
Nicholas Pomato (497), Bionetics Research, Inc., 1330-A Piccard Drive, Rock-
ville, Maryland 20850
George Poste (1), Research and Development, Smith Kline & French Laborato-
ries, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
Lynne P. Rutzky (155), Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medi-
cal School, Houston, Texas 77030
Avery A. Sandberg (289), The Genetics and Cancer Centers of Southwest Bio-
medical Research Institute, 6401 East Thomas Road, Scottsdale, Arizona
85251, and Roswell Park Memorial Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263
Werner Scheithauer (203), Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology II,
Vienna University School of Medicine, Garnisongasse 13, A-1090 Vienna,
Austria
Jeffrey Schlom (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Henry Sears (475), Department of Surgery, New England Deaconess Hospital,
Boston, Massachusetts 02215
Abulkalam M. Shamsuddin (15, 137), Department of Pathology, University of
Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
Jun-Wen Shen (475), Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of
China
Ronald G. Steis (497), National Institutes of Health, Biological Response Modi-
fiers Program, Frederick, Maryland 21701
Ann Thor (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National Can-
cer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Courtney M. Townsend, Jr. (253), Department of Surgery, The University of
Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77550
Vincent Vilasi (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology, National
Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
Daniel D. Von Hoff (203), Department of Medicine, The University of Texas
Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78284
Maureen O. Weeks (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892
David Wunderlich (397), Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Biology,
National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
20892
Preface
This book was written for researchers, clinicians, and students interested in the
biology of colon cancer development, as well as for those with an interest in gas-
trointestinal cell biology. It is the only work which brings together fundamental
research and clinically relevant issues in a single volume. It is "must reading"
for anyone who is involved in basic or clinical research on gastrointestinal can-
cers or uses colon or other gastrointestinal cells. Current topics relevant to what
we know about colon cancer initiation, progression, and identification are re-
viewed by researchers from diverse disciplines in colon cancer research. The focus
is on the cell biology of a disease which claims thousands of lives every year.
An important premise of this compendium is that it addresses a common defi-
ciency in the historical approach for treatment of cancers, which has been based
on models of leukemias and lymphomas. That is, there is a need to define unique
organotypic properties of normal, premalignant, and malignant cells or tissues
from specific organ sites where solid tumors (usually carcinomas) commonly de-
velop. This book fills an important gap between clinical knowledge and an
emerging understanding of cellular and molecular changes during colon cancer
initiation and progression. In vitro and in vivo models of colon carcinogenesis,
history of the development and characterization of commonly used colon cancer
cell lines, biochemical and immunological features which distinguish normal and
malignant cells, and the role of growth factors and hormones in the colon are
some of the topics which are reviewed. This book should serve as a cornerstone
to expanding the foundation of scientific knowledge about colon cancer cells and
their precursor normal and premalignant cell types. Understanding similarities
and differences of colon cancer and normal cells from many patients should pro-
vide an insight which will logically lead to successful prevention, diagnosis, or
therapy for colon cancer.
We would like to express our special thanks to Ms. Judy Schatz, editorial con-
sultant, for her untiring efforts and excellence in the text editing of the chapters
and for her relentless pursuit, with charm, of the authors to ensure that all aspects
xvii
xviii Preface
of their chapters met a uniform standard. We also express our gratitude to
Ms. Lu Ann Kirk for help in coordinating development of this book.
Mary Pat Moyer
George H. Poste
1
Colorectal Carcinoma: Key Issues
RUSSELL GREIG AND GEORGE POSTE
Research and Development
Smith Kline & French Laboratories
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19101
While many aspects of colon carcinoma remain poorly understood, including
its etiology (Bruce, 1987; Smith et al, 1985; Bresalier and Kim, 1985), genetic
origins (Leppert et al, 1987; Okamoto et al., 1988; Bodmer et al, 1987; Sol-
omon et al, 1987), progression through preneoplastic states to frank malignancy
(Goh and Jass, 1986; Morson, 1984; Morson et al., 1985; Fenoglio-Preiser and
Rossini, 1985), and patterns of metastatic spread (Chung et ai, 1983; Morton
etal., 1986; Mast and Nissenblatt, 1987; Petrek etal., 1985; Rao etal., 1985),
the unambiguous challenge facing the research and clinical communities is to
identify adjuvant therapies to prolong the survival and enhance the quality of life
in patients with disseminated disease (Moertel, 1983). In the Western world,
colorectal malignancies are the second most common type of cancer (after lung
cancer) (Cancer Statistics, 1987), and the absolute number of new cases and
deaths continues to increase. This trend is expected to persist well into the twenty-
first century, as the postwar generations of Western society reach old age. In
1985, there were approximately 138,000 new cases of colorectal cancer in the
United States and about 60,000 deaths (Cancer Statistics, 1987). Based on cur-
rent demographic projections (Vu, 1985) and assuming minimal changes in
etiology, diagnosis, and clinical management, we can anticipate seeing over
325,000 new patients and recording more than 142,000 deaths in the year 2030.
In lung cancer, where smoking has been unequivocally identified as the major
etiological agent, we at least have the possibility of eradication through education
and prevention. In contrast, no agent, or combination of agents, has yet been
convincingly singled out as a dominant factor in the pathogenesis of colorectal
cancer (Bruce, 1987), and reliance on preventive measures to aid in the control of
this disease is currently not an option. The development of better, more sensitive
ι
COLON CANCER CELLS Copyright © 1990 by Academic Press, Inc.
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
