Table Of Content226
scipoT ni Current Chemistry
Editorial Board:
A. de Meijere • K.N. Houk. H. Kessler
J.-M. Lehn. S.V. Ley. S.L. Schreiber • J. Thiem
B. M. Trost F. • V6gtle • H. Yamamoto
regnirpS
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
KHoonngg
London
Milan
Paris
oykoT
Colloid Chemistry I
Volume Editor: Markus Antonietti
With contributions by
L. M. Bronstein, R. A. Caruso, C. C. Co, .P Davidson,
.S F6rster, J.-C. .P Gabriel, C. G61tner-Spickermann,
H.-P. Hentze, E.W. Kaler, .L Liz-Marz~in, .J C. Loudet,
C. A. McKelvey, .P Mulvaney, .P Poulin
r e g n~ i r p S
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Editorial draoB
Prof. Dr. Armin de Meijere Prof. K.N. Houk
Institut fiir Organische Chemie Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
der Georg-August ti~tisrevinU- University of California
2 Tammannstrat~e 504 Hilgard Avenue
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E-mail'. ameijer @uni-goettingen.de l E-maih [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Horst Kessler Prof. Jean-Marie Lehn
Institut Organische Chemie ffir Institut de Chimie
Mfinchen TU ~tisrevinU de Strasbourg
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74758 Garching, Germany 80076 Strasbourg France Cedex,
E-maih [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Steven .V Ley Prof. Stuart L. Schreiber
University Chemical Laboratory Laboratories Chemical
Road Lensfield Harvard University
Cambridge 2BC ,WE1 Great Britain 21 Street Oxford
E-mail: svll .ca.mac.suc@00O uk Cambridge, AM ,2092-83120 ASU
E-maih [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Joachim Thiem
Institut fiir Organische Chemie Prof. Barry M. Trost
Universit/it Hamburg Department of Chemistry
Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 Stanford University
64102 Hamburg, Germany Stanford, AC ,0805-50349 ASU
E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]
Prof. Dr. Fritz V6gtle Prof. Hisashi Yamamoto
Organische Kekul4-Institut Chemie ffir School of Engineering
und Biochemie der ti~tisrevinU Bonn University Nagoya
Gerhard-Domagk-Strat]e 1 Nagoya Chikusa, ,10-464 Japan
12135 Bonn, Germany E-maih [email protected]
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Preface
Over the last forty years,good old-fashioned colloid chemistry has undergone
something ofa revolution,transforming itselffrom little more than a collection
ofqualitative observations ofthe macroscopic behaviour ofsome complex sys-
tems into a discipline with a solid theoretical foundation and a whole toolbox of
new chemical techniques.It can now boast a set ofconcepts which go a long way
towards providing an understanding ofthe many strange and interesting behav-
iour patterns exhibited by natural and artificial systems on the mesoscale.
In other words:colloid chemists have acquired a great deal ofexperience in the
generation and control ofmatter with tools that are specific on a scale ofsome
nanometers to micrometers.Modern concepts such as self-organisation,hierar-
chical set-up of materials,nanoparticles,functional surface engineering,inter-
facing and cross-talk of complex chemical objects,all of which are now in the
toolbox ofthis 90-year old science.
It is the aim ofthe present issue of“Topics in Current Chemistry”to highlight
some of the most attractive recent developments in colloid chemistry which
are expected to have broader relevance and to be interesting to a more general
readership.The contributions focus both on tools and procedures as well as on
potential applications.
In this first volume,Stephan Förster opens with a quite general introduction
which exemplifies the thinking in the field:how to bridge the “nanogap”between
the largest structures organic chemistry can offer and the smallest structures
engineering can provide by encoding the self-assembly within the structure of
the primary element. Förster is an expert in employing amphiphilic block
copolymers as tectonic units,and the prospects dealt with indeed span from
advanced catalysis to biomedical applications.
Similar looking block-copolymers but also other self-organising templates
are used by Christine Göltner-Spickermann for her “nanocasting”,i.e.the repli-
cation of complex soft-matter structures into inorganic and metallic frame-
works.The resulting porous materials are,at all events,inverted “hard-copies”of
the primary structure with exciting potential applications for basic physical
chemistry (experiments under confined conditions), catalysis and chromato-
graphic separation.
The aspect of rationally designed catalysts on the basis of active metallic
nanoparticles supported by polymeric and nanoporous inorganic systems is
elaborated in the contribution by Lyudmila Bronstein.Here,colloid chemistry is
used to generate local environments which make a nanoparticle under reaction
VIII Preface
more durable or the reaction more specific.The extension of nanocasting to
extended membrane-like and gel-like supports via “nanocoating”is presented in
the contribution by Rachel Caruso.Here,the organic template is reflected in a 3D
connectivity of oxidic, crystalline nanoparticles, a technique which has the
potential to revolutionize the way to construct photocatalysts,solar cells,and
nanostructured catalytic supports in general.
Another way to organise inorganic particulate matter is delineated in the
contribution of Jean Christophe Gabriel. Here, the classical self-organization
principle oflyotropic liquid crystals is extended to inorganic colloids with a dis-
tinct shape and mutual interactions.Such organised arrays with high order are
more durable and carry a potential inorganic functionality (electronic and mag-
netic properties) which can stimulate fresh ideas in nanotechnology.
Philippe Poulin uses liquid crystals in an unconventional fashion to generate
highly organized arrays ofdroplets by demixing where defects control ripening
and further growth.Besides providing beauty,this might give rise to a number
ofnew matrix-assisted structuring processes,as also used indirectly in the con-
tribution by Eric Kaler.Here,organised high-concentration surfactant phases
are used as templates for organic polymerisation reactions and the Poulin-
mechanism is nicely trapped by the polymer structures produced which are not
copies of the original template (as in case of nanocasting),but nanostructures
organised by the controlled demixing process.
This volume is closed by a contribution by Paul Mulvaney and Luis Liz-
Marzán who used the nanocoating of Au-nanoparticles as a first step in the
rational design of nanohybrids with very special optical and photonic proper-
ties.The ability to hybridise metals and inorganic oxides on the colloidal scale
while there is no direct bond on a molecular level nicely underlines the poten-
tial of modern colloid chemistry to employ and merge very different building
blocks on the mesoscale and to realise hybrid situations and high performance
systems which are otherwise not accessible.
Beside introducing the diverse nano-specific instruments,it is the special
elegance ofthe field that the structures are getting large enough to reveal their
beauty.In this sense,I wish all the readers an interesting but also entertaining
time reading this material.
Markus Antonietti,Potsdam February 2003
Contents
Amphiphilic Block Copolymers for Templating Applications
S. F6rster ..................................
Nanocasting of Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases for Metals and Ceramics
C. G61tner-Spickermann .......................... 29
Nanoparticles Made in Mesoporous Solids
L. M. Bronstein ............................... 55
Nanocasting and Nanocoating
R.A. Caruso ................................. 19
Mineral Liquid Crystals from Self-Assembly of Anisotropic Nanosystems
J.-C. .P Gabriel, .P Davidson ......................... 911
Monodisperse Aligned Emulsions from Demixingi n Bulk Liquid Crystals
.J C. Loudet, .P Poulin ............................ 371
Templating Vesicles, Microemulsions and Lyotropic Mesophases by
Organic Polymerization Processes
H.-P. Hentze, C. C. Co, C. A. McKelvey, E.W. Kaler .............. 791
Rational Material Design Using Au Core-Shell Nanocrystals
.P Mulvaney, L. Liz-Marzfin ......................... 522
Author Index Volumes 2ol-226 ...................... 247
Subject Index ................................ 552
Contents of Volume 227
Chemistry Colloid II
Volume Editor: Markus Antonietti
ISBN 3-540-00418-1
Molecular Recognition and Hydrogen-Bonded Amphiphiles
.M .C Paleos, .D Tsiourvas
Dendrimers for Nanoparticle Synthesis and Dispersion Stabilization
.K Esumi
Organic Reactions in Microemulsions
.M ,regi~H E Currie, .K Holmberg
Miniemulsions forN anoparticle Synthesis
.K Landfester
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanospheres as yRRuF Affinity Receptors
Kr~uter, I. G.E.M. Tovar, .C Gruber
Hollow Inorganic Capsules via CoUoid-Templated Layer-by-Layer
Electrostatic Assembly
.F Caruso
Biorelevant Latexes and Microgels for the Interaction with Nucleic Acids
.A Elaissari, E Ganachaud, .C Pichot
Preparation of Monodisperse Particles and Emulsions by Controlled Shear
.V Schmitt, .F Leal-Calderon, .J Bibette
