Table Of ContentColloid and Interface
Science
VOL. ΠΙ
Adsorption, Catalysis, Solid Surfaces,
Wetting, Surface Tension, and Water
EDITED BY
MILTON KERKER
Clarkson College of Technology
Potsdam, New York
Academic Press Inc·
New York San Francisco London 1976
A Subsidiary of Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
COPYRIGHT © 1976, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
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United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24/28 Oval Road, London NW1
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International Conference on Colloids and Surfaces,
50th, San Juan, P.R., 1976.
Colloid and interface science.
CONTENTS: v. 2. Aerosols,
emulsions, and surfactants.-v. 3. Adsorption,
catalysis, solid surfaces, wetting, surface tension,
and water.-v. 4. Hydrosols and rheology. [etc.]
1. Colloids-Congresses. 2. Surface chemistry
-Congresses. I. Kerker, Milton, II. Title.
QD549.I6 1976 54l'.345 76-47668
ISBN 0-12-404503-0 (v. 3)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
List of Contributors
G. Patricia Angel, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta,
Georgia 30322
M.P. Aronson, Lever Brothers Company, Research Division, 45 River Road,
Edgewater, New Jersey 07020
R.F. Baddour, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Fredrick S. Baker, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
Stuart S. Barton, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal
Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2W3, Canada
Ralph A. Beebe, Amherst College, Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
H. Bilinski, Institute "Ruder Boskovic," Zagreb, Yugoslavia
Raghupathy Bollini, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska
M. Branica, Institute "Ruder Boskovic," Zagreb, Yugoslavia
Chester V. Braun, Jr., Laboratory for Water Research, Department of
Chemistry, University of Miami, P.O. Box 249148, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
Z. Calahorra, Department of Chemistry, Technion, Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa, Israel
J.V. Calara, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Fuels Engineering, 412
Mineral Science Building, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
P. Canesson, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
T-H. Chiu, Medical Group, Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc., Everett,
Massachusetts 02149
David M. Clementz, Department of Agronomy, Life Science Building, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
H. Lawrence Clever, Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta,
Georgia 30322
H.D. Cochran, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
George L. Cohen, Bristol-Myers Products, Department of Physical Chemistry,
1350 Liberty Avenue, Hillside, New Jersey 07207
xi
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Mary Ellen Counts, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
D.G. Crosby, Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of
California, Davis, California 95416
Alvin W. Czanderna, Physics Department, Clarkson College of Technology,
Potsdam, New York 13676
J.P. Damon, Laboratoire de Chimie Generale, Universite Scientifique et
Medicale de Grenoble, BP 53 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
Burtron H. Davis, Associate Professor, Chemistry, Potomac State College, West
Virginia University, Keyser, West Virginia 26726
F.D. Declerck, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
C. Defosse, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
B. Delmon, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
T.J. Dickinson, Department of Physics, Washington State University, Pullman,
Washington 99163
R.G. Donnelly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
Clifton W. Draper, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
W. Drost-Hansen, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Water Research,
University of Miami, P.O. Box 249148, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
David W. Dwight, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and
State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
W.P. Ellis, University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545
Frank M. Etzler, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory for Water Research,
University of Miami, P.O. Box 249148, Coral Gables, Florida 33124
John L. Falconer, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of
Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302
R.S. Farinato, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts,
Amherst, Massachusetts 01002
R.M. Fitch, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science,
University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
M. Fletcher, Marine Science Laboratory, Menai Bridge, Gwynedd, Great Britain
LL595EH
xii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
M. Folman, Department of Chemistry, Technion, Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa, Israel
Tomlinson Fort, Jr., Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon
University, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
Helga Füredi-Milhofer, Institute "Ruder Boskovic," Zagreb, Yugoslavia
E.L. Fuller, Jr., Chemistry Division, HoUifield National Laboratory, Oak Ridge,
Tennessee 37830
C. Gajria, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Materials Science, University
of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06268
R.B. Gammage, Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O.
Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
Robert J. Good, Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New
York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
Flemming Yssing Hansen, Fysisk-Kemisk Institut, Technical University of
Denmark, DK 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
A.H. Hardin, Energy Research Laboratories, CANMET, Ottawa, Canada
Y. Harnoy, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada M5S 1 A4
Brian H. Harrison, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Royal
Military College of Canada, Kingston, Ontario K7L 2W3, Canada
Douglas Henderson, IBM Research Laboratory, Monterey and Cottle Roads,
San Jose, California 95193
Marcel Hennenberg, Fysisk-Kemisk Institut, Technical University of Denmark,
DK 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
Vladimir Hlady, Institute "Ruder Boskovic," Zagreb, Yugoslavia
Frank J. Holly, Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation, 20 Staniford
Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
H.F. Holmes, Health Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, P.O.
Box X, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830
L.E. Iton, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne,
Illinois 60439
Karl F. Keirstead, Reed Paper Ltd., Pulp & Paper Group, Chemical Division,
Lignin Products, P.O. Box 2025, Quebec, Quebec, Canada, G1K 7N1
Arthur S. Kesten, Kinetics and Environmental Sciences, United Technologies
Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108
A.D. King, Jr., Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens,
Georgia 30602
Riki Kobayashi, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, George
R. Brown School of Engineering, Houston, Texas 77001
S. Kozar, Institute "Ruder Boskovic," Zagreb, Yugoslavia
xiii
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Joel L. Lebowitz, Yeshiva University, New York, New York 10033
D.M. Lederman, Medical Group, Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc., 2385
Revere Beach Parkway, Everett, Massachusetts 02149
Richard S. Lemons, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
A.J. Leonard, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, University
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
S. Levine, Department of Mathematics, University of Manchester, Manchester,
Ml3 9 PL, England
Alvin C. Levy, School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta,
Georgia 30332
N.-J. Lin, Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of New York
at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
G.I. Loeb, Ocean Sciences Division, Naval Research Laboratory (Branch 8354),
Washington, D.C. 20375
D.G. Loffler, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Philip F. Low, Department of Agronomy, Life Science Building, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
A. Lubezky, Department of Chemistry, Technion, Israel Institute of
Technology, Haifa, Israel
Thomas R. McGregor, Dow Badische Company, Anderson, South Carolina
29621
R.J. Madix, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University,
Stanford, California 94305
J. Adin Mann, Jr., Chemical Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve
University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Pierre J. Marteney, Kinetics and Environmental Sciences, United Technologies
Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108
R. Massoudi, Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
30602
T. Matsushima, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, Texas 78712
F.J. Micale, Center for Surface & Coatings Research, Lehigh University,
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015
J.D. Miller, Department of Mining, Metallurgical and Fuels Engineering, 412
Mineral Science Building, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112
M. Modell, Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
B.A. Morrow, Chemistry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
xiv
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
Richard S. Myers, Delta State College, P.O. Box 3255, Cleveland, Mississippi
38732
G. Neale, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta,
Canada
A.W. Neumann, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada M5S 1 A4
E. Nyilas, Medical Group, Avco Everett Research Laboratory, Inc., 2385
Revere Beach Parkway, Everett, Massachusetts 02149
Robert A. Pierotti, School of Chemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology,
Atlanta, Georgia 30332
F. Philips Pike, College of Engineering, University of South Carolina, Columbia,
South Carolina 29208
H.M. Princen, Lever Brothers Company, Research Division, 45 River Road,
Edgewater, New Jersey 07020
Frederick A. Putnam, Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie-Mellon
University, Schenley Park, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
A. V. Rapacchietta, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1 A4
P. Reed, Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Ml3 9PL, England
Miguel F. Refojo, Eye Research Institute of Retina Foundation, 20 Staniford
Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114
L. Rodrique, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, University
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
G.J. Roebersen, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Van't Hoff Laboratorium voor
Fysische-en Colloidchemie, Padualaan, Utrecht 2506, The Netherlands
Paul Rolniak, Department of Chemical Engineering, Rice University, George R.
Brown School of Engineering, Houston, Texas 77001
Allan H. Rosenberg, Bristol-Myers Products, Department of Physical
Chemistry, 1350 Liberty Avenue, Hillside, New Jersey 07207
Gerd M. Rosenblatt, Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
P.G. Rouxhet, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, University
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
R.L. Rowell, Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst,
Massachusetts 01002
Hugo A. Ruiz, Department of Agronomy, Life Science Building, Purdue
University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
T. Salman, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill
XV
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
University, P.O. Box 6070, Station 'Α', Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3GI
H. Saltsburg, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester,
Rochester, New York 14627
Steven B. Sample, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville,
Edwardsville, Illinois
A. Sanfeld, Pool de Physique et Chimie Physique II, Batiment de Physique,
Campus Plaine, Niveau 5, Universit6 Libre de Bruxelles, Bd. du Triomphe,
Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
Joseph J. Sangiovanni, Kinetics and Environmental Sciences, United
Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, Connecticut 06108
L.D. Schmidt, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
Malcolm E. Schrader, Code 287, David Taylor Naval Ship Research and
Development Center, Annapolis, Maryland 21402
P.O. Scokart, Groupe de Physico-Chimie Minerale et de Catalyse, Universite
Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
Robert D. Shoup, Corning Glass Works, Corning, New York 14830
James A. Singmaster III, Agricultural Experiment Station, University of Puerto
Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00928
Torben Smith S^rensen, Fysisk-Kemisk Institut, Technical University of
Denmark, DK 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
D. Stanga, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Toronto,
Toronto, Canada M5S 1 A4
A. Steinchen, Pool de Physique et Chimie Physique II, Batiment de Physique,
Campus Plaine, Niveau 5, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Bd. du Triomphe,
Bruxelles 1050, Belgium
T. Takaishi, Institute for Atomic Energy, Rikkyo University, Yokosuka, Japan
240-01
John A. Tallmadge, Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
T.N. Taylor, University of California, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los
Alamos, New Mexico 87545
Chandrakant R. Thakkar, College of Engineering, University of South Carolina,
Columbia, South Carolina 29208
C. Vayenas, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester,
Rochester, New York 14627
A. Vrij, Rijksuniversiteit Utrecht, Van't Hoff Laboratorium voor Fysische-en
Colloidchemie, Padualaan, Utrecht 2506, The Netherlands
P.G. Wahlbeck, Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita,
Kansas 67208
Eduard O. Waisman, INTI, Buenos Aires, Argentina
xvi
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
E.J. Watson, Department of Mathematics, The University of Manchester,
Manchester Ml3 9PL, England
Charles B. Weinberger, Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University,
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104
J.M. White, Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin,
Austin, Texas 78712
James P. Wightman, Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute
and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
D. Ying, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305
R.H. Yoon, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, McGill
University, P.O. Box 6070, Station 'Α', Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3C 3GI
xvij
Preface
This is the third volume of papers presented at the International Conference
on Colloids and Surfaces, which was held in San Juan, Puerto Rico, June
21-25, 1976.
The morning sessions consisted of ten plenary lectures and thirty-four invited
lectures on the following topics: rheology of disperse systems, surface thermo
dynamics, catalysis, aerosols, water at interfaces, stability and instability, solid
surfaces, membranes, liquid crystals, and forces at interfaces. These papers
appear in the first volume of the proceedings along with a general overview by
A. M. Schwartz.
The afternoon sessions were devoted to 221 contributed papers. This volume
includes contributed papers on the following subjects: adsorption, catalysis,
solid surfaces, wetting, surface tension, and water. Three additional volumes
include contributed papers on aerosols, emulsions, surfactants, hydrosols,
rheology, biocolloids, polymers, monolayers, membranes, and general subjects.
The Conference was sponsored jointly by the Division of Colloid and Surface
Chemistry of the American Chemical Society and the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry in celebration of the 50th Anniversary of the
Division and the 50th Colloid and Surface Science Symposium.
The National Colloid Symposium originated at the University of Wisconsin in
1923 on the occasion of the presence there of The Svedberg as a Visiting
Professor (see the interesting remarks of J. H. Mathews at the opening of the
40th National Colloid Symposium and also those of Lloyd H. Ryerson in the
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 22, 409 412 (1966)). It was during
his stay at Wisconsin that Svedberg developed the ultracentrifuge, and he also
made progress on moving boundary electrophoresis, which his student Tiselius
brought to fruition.
The National Colloid Symposium is the oldest such divisional symposium
within the American Chemical Society. There were no meetings in 1933 and
during the war years 1943-1945, and this lapse accounts for the 50th National
Colloid Symposium occurring on the 53rd anniversary.
However, these circumstances brought the numerical rank of the Symposium
into phase with the age of the Division of Colloid and Surface Chemistry. The
Division was established in 1926, partly as an outcome of the Symposium.
Professor Mathews gives an amusing account of this in the article cited above.
The 50th anniversary meeting is also the first one bearing the new name
xix
