Table Of Content“COLLECTION AND EVALUATION OF CUSTARD
APPLE (Annona squamosa L.) GENOTYPES IN
CHHATTISGARH PLAINS”
M.Sc. (Hort.) Thesis
by
SWAPNIL SINGH CHANDEL
DEPARTMENT OF FRUIT SCIENCE
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE RAIPUR
FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE
INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
RAIPUR (Chhattisgarh)
2017
“COLLECTION AND EVALUATION OF CUSTARD
APPLE (Annona squamosa L.) GENOTYPES IN
CHHATTISGARH PLAINS”
Thesis
Submitted to the
Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur
by
SWAPNIL SINGH CHANDEL
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
Master of Science
in
Horticulture
(Fruit Science)
Roll No. 120115198 I.D. No. 20151622580
December, 2017
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I take the golden opportunity to express my deepest sense of gratefulness to
the Almighty “God” who has enabled me to complete the present research work
and to prepare this thesis for the degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Fruit
Science.
I express my deep sense of gratitude, heartfelt indebtedness and sincere
appreciation to my reverend research supervisor and Chairman Dr.S.N.Dikshit,
Professor, Department of Fruit Science, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya,
Raipur, Chhattisgarh, for providing scholastic guidance, constant supervision and
affectionate encouragement for successful completion of the research work as well
as preparation of this thesis.
I extend my sincere appreciation and immense to Dr. H.G. Sharma,
Professor, Department of Fruit Science for his keen interest, valuable suggestion,
constructive criticism, good co-operation and encouragement for completion of the
research study.
I want to gratefully acknowledge to members of my advisory committee Dr.
Alok Tiwari, Scientist, Department of Soil Science and Dr. Ravi. R. Saxena,
Professor, Department of Agricultural Statistics, and Social Science for providing
proper guidance leads to timely completion of this thesis work.
I would like to express my thanks to Dr. Prabhakar Singh, Professor and
Head, department of Fruit Science for his excellence guidance during my course of
research work and providing me necessary facilities.
I would like to thank Dr. S.K. Patil, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Dr. S.S. Rao,
Dean, Dr. S.S. Shaw, Director of Instructions and Dr. J.S. Urkurkar, Director
Research Services, IGKV, Raipur for their help, both administrative and technical
which facilitated my research work.
Furthermore, I want to extend my appreciation to the Dr. G.L. Sharma, Dr.
G.D. Sahu, Dr. Hemant Panigrahi, Dr. Pushpa Parihar and other technical staff of
Department of Fruit Science.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page No.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT i
TABLE OF CONTENTS iii
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES viii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x
THESIS ABSTRACT xi
I INTRODUCTION 1
II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 4
2.1 Improvement work in custard apple 4
2.2 Survey and selection in other fruit crops 7
2.3 Growth and Yield Characters 11
2.3.1 Height, Spread and Girth of stem 11
2.3.2 Leaf size 15
2.3.3 Number of fruits per tree and Fruit yield (kg per 15
tree)
2.4 Physical Characters of Fruits 18
2.4.1 Fruit weight and Fruit size 18
2.4.2 Pulp weight and Pericarp weight 20
2.4.3 Number of seeds per fruit 21
2.4.4 Weight of seed 22
2.4.5 Fruit shape 23
2.5 Qualitative Characteristics of Fruits 23
2.5.1 Total Soluble Solids, acidity and ascorbic acid 23
2.5.2 Total sugar, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar 27
2.5.3 Fruit colour 28
2.5.4 Seed colour 29
2.5.5 Pulp colour 29
2.5.6 Pulp taste 29
2.5.7 Pulp texture 30
iii
III MATERIALS AND METHODS 31
3.1 Geographical situation 31
3.1.1 Bilaspur 31
3.1.2 Mahasamund 31
3.2 Climate 31
3.3 Weather Conditions during Experimentation 32
3.4 Experimental Details 32
3.5 Observations recorded 35
3.5.1 Growth and yield parameters of in-situ custard 35
apple genotypes
3.5.1.1 Tree height (m) 36
3.5.1.2 Trunk girth (cm) 36
3.5.1.3 Canopy spread (m) 36
3.5.1.4 Number of fruits per tree 36
3.5.1.5 Fruit yield per plant (kg) 36
3.5.1.6 Length of leaves (cm) 36
3.5.1.7 Breadth of leaves (cm) 36
3.5.2 Physical parameters of in-situ custard apple 37
genotypes
3.5.2.1 Fruit weight (g) 37
3.5.2.2 Length of fruit (cm) 37
3.5.2.3 Breadth of fruit (cm) 37
3.5.2.4 Pericarp weight (g) 37
3.5.2.5 Pulp weight (g) 37
3.5.2.6 Seed weight (g) 37
3.5.2.7 Number of seeds per fruit 38
3.5.2.8 Fruit shape 38
3.5.3 Qualitative parameters of in-situ custard apple 38
genotypes
3.5.3.1 Total soluble solids (0Brix) 38
3.5.3.2 Acidity (%) 38
3.5.3.3 Suagrs (%) 38
3.5.3.4 Ascorbic acid (mg/100g) 40
iv
3.5.3.5 Fruit colour and Pulp colour 41
3.5.3.6 Seed colour 41
3.5.3.7 Pulp taste 41
3.5.3.8 Pulp texture 41
3.6 Statistical analysis 41
IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 43
4.1 Growth and Yield parameters of in-situ custard apple 43
genotypes
4.1.1 Tree height (m) 44
4.1.2 Trunk girth (cm) 44
4.1.3 Canopy spread (m) 44
4.1.4 Length of leaves (cm) 45
4.1.5 Breadth of leaves (cm) 45
4.1.6 Number of fruits per plant 45
4.1.7 Fruit yield per tree (kg) 46
4.2 Physical parameters of in-situ custard apple genotypes 54
4.2.1 Fruit length (cm) 54
4.2.2 Fruit width (cm) 54
4.2.3 Fruit weight (g) 55
4.2.4 Pericarp weight (g) 57
4.2.5 Pulp weight (g) 58
4.2.6 Seed weight (g) 58
4.2.7 Number of seeds per fruit 60
4.2.8 Fruit shape 64
4.3 Qualitative parameters of in-situ custard apple genotypes 65
4.3.1 Total soluble solids (°Brix) 65
4.3.2 Acidity (%) 65
4.3.3 Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g) 66
4.3.4 Total sugar (%) 66
4.3.5 Reducing sugar (%) 71
4.3.6 Non-reducing sugar (%) 71
4.3.7 Fruit colour 72
4.3.8 Seed colour 74
v
4.3.9 Pulp colour 74
4.3.10 Pulp taste 75
4.3.11 Pulp texture 76
V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 82
REFERENCES 86
APPENDICES 96
APPENDIX –A 96
APPENDIX –B 97
APPENDIX –C 98
RESUME 99
vi
Description:Submitted to the. Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur .. and covered with bloom on underside; apex short or long pointed; base short .. taken under for study viz., girth of main stem, thickness of primary branches, plant height Gohil, S. N., Garad, B. V., Shirsath, H. K. and Desai, U. T.
