Table Of ContentCOLLECTED PAPERS
PHAENOMENOLOGICA
SERIES FOUNDED BY H.L. VA N BREDA AND PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE
HUSSERL-ARCHIVES
136
A. SCHUTZ
COLLECTED PAPERS
Editorial Board: Director: R. Bernet
(Husserl-Archief, Leuven) Secretary: J. Taminiaux (Centre d' etudes
phenomenologiques, Louvain-Ia-Neuve) Members: S. IJsseling (Husserl-Archief,
Leuven), H. Leonardy (Centre d' etudes phenomenologiques, Louvain-Ia-Neuve),
U. Melle (Husserl-Archief, Leuven), B. Stevens (Centre d' etudes
phenomenologiques, Louvain-Ia-Neuve) Advisory Board: R. Bernasconi (Memphis
State University), D. Carr (Emory University, Atlanta), E.S. Casey (State Univer
sity of New York at Stony Brook), R. Cobb-Stevens (Boston College), J.F.
Courtine (Archives-Husserl, Paris), F. Dastur (Universite de Paris XX), K. Dusing
(Husserl-Archiv, Kaln) , J. Hart (Indiana University, Bloomington), K. Held
(Bergische Universitat Wuppertal), D. Janicaud (Universite de Nice), K.E. Kaehler
(Husserl-Archiv, Kaln) , D. Lohmar (Husserl-Archiv, K61n) , W.R. McKenna
(Miami University, Oxford, USA), J.N. Mohanty (Temple University, Philadel
phia), E.W. Orth (UniversiUit Trier), B. Rang (Husserl-Archief Freiburg i.Br.), K.
Schuhmann (University of Utrecht), C. Sini (Universita degli Studi di Milano), R.
Sokolowski (Catholic University of America, Washington D.C.), E. Straker
(UniversiUit Koln), B. Waldenfels (Ruhr-Universitat, Bochum)
Alfred Schutz
Collected Papers
Volume IV
Edited with preface and notes
by
Helmut Wagner and George Psathas
In collaboration with Fred Kersten
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-90-481-4626-0 ISBN 978-94-017-1077-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-1077-0
printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by K1uwer Academic Publishers in 1996
N o part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanica1,
inc1uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owners.
ALFRED SCHUTZ
Table of Contents
Foreword IX
Editor's Preface Xl
PART I
THE PROBLEM OF SOCIAL REALITY
Chapter One. Outline ofa Theory of Relevance 3
Chapter Two. The Problem of Rationality in the Social World 6
Chapter Three. Realities from Daily Life to Theoretical Contemplation 25
Chapter Four. Teiresias or Our Knowledge of Future Events 51
Chapter Five. Relevance: Knowledge on Hand and in Hand 67
Chapter Six. The Problem of Social Reality 71
PART II
A
STUDIES IN SOCIAL THEORY
Chapter Seven. Toward a Viable Sociology 75
Chapter Eight. Understanding and Acting in Political Economy and the
Other Social Sciences 84
Chapter Nine. Basic Problems of Political Economy 88
Chapter Ten. Political Economy: Human Conduct in Social Life 93
Chapter Eleven. Phenomenology and Cultural Science 106
Chapter Twelve. The Life-World and Scientific Interpretation 110
Chapter Thirteen. The Scope and Function ofthe Department of Philosophy
Within the Graduate Faculty 112
vii
viii Table of Contents
B
STUDIES IN THE METHODOLOGY OF SOCIAL THEORY
Chapter Fourteen. Basic Concepts and Methods of the Social Sciences 121
Chapter Fifteen. A Note on Behaviorism 131
Chapter Sixteen. A Scholar of Multiple Involvements: Felix Kaufinann 134
Chapter Seventeen. Social Science and the Social World 140
Chapter Eighteen. In Search of the Middle Ground 147
PART III
STUDIES IN PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY
Chapter Nineteen. Husserl's Cartesian Meditations 155
Chapter Twenty. Husserl's Formal and Transcendental Logic 166
Chapter Twenty-One. Husserl's Notes Concerning the Constitution of Space 174
Chapter Twenty-Two. Husserl's Crisis of Western Sciences 177
Chapter Twenty-Three. Farber's Foundation of Early Phenomenology 187
Chapter Twenty-Four. The Paradox of the Transcendental Ego 190
Chapter Twenty-Five. Husserl's Parisian Lectures of 1929 193
Chapter Twenty-Six. On the Concept of Horizon 196
Chapter Twenty-Seven. Thou and I 201
Chapter Twenty-Eight. Foundations of the Theory of Social Organization 203
Chapter Twenty-Nine. Gnosticism and Orthodoxy 221
Chapter Thirty. Experience and Transcendence 234
Appendix. Fragments Toward a Phenomenology of Music 243
Index of Names 277
Index of Subjects 281
Foreword
In November 1982 Mrs Schutz and I first discussed the possibility of publishing
this sequel to her husband's Collected Papers. Helmut Wagner brought this project
to life. I remember them both with respect and gratitude and regret that neither of
them can now see the final result in print.
I should like to thank those whose efforts have ensured that the work was com
pleted: Lester Embree, Claire Wagner-Kimball, Evelyn Lang and Samuel IJsseling
and especially George Psathas and Fred Kersten.
Alexander Schimmelpenninck,
Publisher
IX
Editor's Preface
Dorion Cairns (or was it Aristotle?) once said that the worst fate that can befall a
teacher is to have his work posthumously edited by his students. Uncertain whether
this is necessarily true, I have nonetheless borne it in mind while editing the manu
scripts of Alfred Schutz and, at times, editing the editing oft he original editor, Helmut
Wagner. Indeed, it must be said at the outset that this book is as much the book of
Alfred Schutz as of Helmut Wagner.
The first three volumes of Schutz's Collected Papers were published between
1962-1966 by Martinus Nijhoffin The Netherlands. Some twenty years later the
publisher agreed to publish one or more volumes, the actual content and editing of
which were entrusted to Helmut Wagner by Ilse Schutz.l By the time of his death in
1989 Wagner had assembled a fourth volume containing 39 items in various stages
of editorial completion. The selection had its foundation in Wagner's Alfred Schutz:
An Intellectual Biography, a short version of which had been published by the Uni
versity of Chicago Press in 1983. The items included were manuscripts and publica
tions of Schutz during his last fifteen years in Europe in addition to manuscripts,
lectures and in a few cases letters written by Schutz after 1939 during his stay in the
United States. Although the contents of this fourth volume of Collected Papers dif
fer greatly from that of the first three volumes, there is a continuity intended by
Wagner and which is perhaps best indicated by the volume-title provided by Wagner:
"Complementary Studies of the Problem of Social Reality, of Sociological Theory
and of Phenomenological Philosophy."
Before his death Wagner had consulted with his friend and colleague at Boston
University, George Psathas, about the contents and editing of this volume. After
Wagner's death, Psathas worked on the manuscript of Volume IV until 1992 when it
was turned over to me for completion. In many respects, arriving on the scene this
late created new, and compounded old, editorial problems, the resolution of which
further delayed publication of the volume. To indicate what was involved, as well as
to give an idea in advance of the nature of the contents of the fourth volume, it is
'For a list of the unpublished papers of Alfred Schutz now in the Beinecke Library at Yale Univer
sity, and a bibliography of published writings by and about Alfred Schutz, see Manuel Martin Algarra,
Materiales para el Estudio de Alfred Schutz (Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra,
1991).
xi
xu Editor j-Preface
best to refer to a surviving draft of Wagner's introduction to the whole volume
followed by brief discussion of the final shape now taken by the volume.
The central organization of this volume followed that of the thematic divisions
of the first three volumes: the Problem of Social Reality, with its subdivisions of
"On the Methodology of the Social Sciences" and "Phenomenology of the Social
Sciences"; Studies in Social Theory, subdivided into "Pure Theory" and "Applied
Theory"; and Phenomenological Philosophy. These thematic divisions, as Wagner
notes, covered the various areas Schutz wished to consider starting with his "plan
for life" of 1924 and continued to the last months of Schutz's life.2 Moreover, they
enabled Schutz himself to establish the organization and contents of the first three
volumes of Collected Papers by the end of 1958. With on~exception, Wagner was
able to fit, with some variation, the contents of Volume IV rnt(j the systematic scheme
of the first three volumes. The one exception is best described by Wagner himself:3
Nevertheless, I decided on one drastic measure by adding a fourth major cat
egory to the three Schutz had set up: it was to contain writings dealing with the
representative performing arts, that is, opera, chamber music, drama, literature in
its several forms. Schutz had published two essays on music and on making mu
sic; he placed them into the "Applied Theory" section of Collected Papers II. By
contrast, I found seven items falling under the topics of music and literature,
three of them ofc onsiderable length, others quite short. Thus I had quantitatively
ample materials for an additional dual section. Of course, even if one adds the
two published items on music to the unpublished ones he would not have enough
for a fourth volume of the Collected Papers in the original sense. For this reason
alone I could not assume that Schutz would have subsumed them under the number
Iv. But maybe he would have brought them together in a third part of Collected
Papers II.
I am suggesting this possibility because Schutz was amazed to find that
phenomenologists dealing with perception and apperception - from Husserl to
Gurwitsch - worked exclusively with assumptions drawn from the areas of vision
and non-musical acoustics and unjustifiably converted the results from ob
servations in these partial areas into a universal theory of perception and
apperception.
In any case there can be no doubt that, for instance, operative performances,
both in the part of the performers and their audiences, form their own quite spe
cific provinces of meaning with their own unique, closed systems of relevances.
The same goes for the writers of novels, short stories, and poems and the recep
tion of their creations by listeners and/or readers. The separation of these - and
other - areas of artistic experiences from the array of other provinces of meaning
is not only justified but systematically necessary.
As George Psathas notes in a draft of his Preface to Volume IV, the one portion of
Volume IV which unfortunately remained unfinished and unassembled by Wagner
2In this connection, see Helmut Wagner, Alfred Schutz: An Intellectual Biography (Chicago: Uni
versity of Chicago Press, 1983), pp. 16ff.
3In his unfinished Introduction to Volume IV.
