Collaborative Enterprise Architecture: Enriching EA with Lean, Agile, and Enterprise 2.0 practices

323 Pages·2012·16.05 MB·English

by  Stefan Bente

Collaborative Enterprise
Architecture
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Collaborative Enterprise
Architecture
Enriching EA with Lean, Agile, and
Enterprise 2.0 Practices
Stefan Bente
Dr. Uwe Bombosch
Shailendra Langade
AMSTERDAM (cid:129) BOSTON (cid:129) HEIDELBERG (cid:129) LONDON
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Bente,Stefan.
Collaborativeenterprisearchitecture:enrichingEAwithlean,agile,andenterprise2.0practices/
StefanBente,UweBombosch,ShailendraLangade.
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-12-415934-1
1. Managementinformationsystems.2. Businessenterprises–Computernetworks.3. Informationtechnology–
Management.4. Softwarearchitecture.I.Bombosch,Uwe.II.Langade,Shailendra.III.Title.
HD30.213.B4632013
658.4’038011–dc23
2012014682
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN:978-0-12-415934-1
PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica
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To our families (Beate and Thomas; Christiane and Julian; Deepali, Pratik,
and Tanishka), with many thanks for their support and patience.
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Contents
Acknowledgments................................................................................................................................xi
CHAPTER 1 Why Collaborative Enterprise Architecture?......................................................1
Reasons for This Book...............................................................................................1
GoalsandBenefits ofEnterprise Architecture..........................................................4
Controlling IT Complexity..................................................................................6
AligningBusinessand IT....................................................................................9
The Gray Reality:Enterprise Architecture Failures................................................11
Between Success and Disappointment..............................................................12
Perspective: Between Bird’s-Eye View and Nitty-Gritty on the Ground........14
Governance: AHostofDirectives, butNoOne Follows Them......................19
Strategy:Marathon or100 mRun?...................................................................21
Transformation:Between Standstilland Continuous Revolution....................23
Enriching EAby Lean, Agile, and Enterprise 2.0 Practices...................................25
How This BookIs Structured............................................................................28
CHAPTER 2 What Is Enterprise Architecture?....................................................................31
The MeaningofArchitecture...................................................................................31
Applying Architectureto anEnterprise...................................................................34
EA Applicability and Use........................................................................................36
CHAPTER 3 What Enterprise Architects Do: CoreActivities ofEA.......................................39
Definingthe IT Strategy(EA-1)..............................................................................41
Definingthe Goals.............................................................................................42
Stipulatingthe Rules.........................................................................................43
The Gartner Grid...............................................................................................46
Identifying the Initiatives..................................................................................48
The Role of anEnterprise Architect.................................................................49
Modelingthe Architectures (EA-2).........................................................................49
Models and Views ofVariousArchitectures....................................................49
Visualizing Cross-Relations andTransformations............................................51
Modeling Standards...........................................................................................52
Evolvingthe IT Landscape (EA-3)..........................................................................58
Application Rationalization...............................................................................58
GeneralIT Transformations..............................................................................66
SOA Transformations........................................................................................67
Assessingand BuildingCapabilities (EA-4)...........................................................69
Competence Development for Enterprise Architects.......................................69
vii
viii Contents
FormalizingEnterprise Architecture.................................................................74
EATeam Position inthe Organization Structure.............................................76
Developing and Enforcing Standards andGuidelines (EA-5)................................78
Standardizing onTechnology Usage................................................................79
Enforcing Standards and Guidelines.................................................................83
Monitoring the Project Portfolio (EA-6)..................................................................86
Building the Project Portfolio...........................................................................87
Auditing the Portfolio........................................................................................93
Leadingor Coaching Projects (EA-7)......................................................................98
Managing Risks Involvedin IT(EA-8).................................................................100
CHAPTER 4 EA Frameworks...........................................................................................105
What isan EAFramework?...................................................................................106
The Zachman Frameworkfor Enterprise Architecture..........................................108
The Open Group Architecture Framework(TOGAF)...........................................110
TOGAF ArchitectureDevelopmentMethodology (ADM)............................111
TOGAF ArchitectureContentFramework.....................................................114
TOGAF ArchitectureCapability Framework.................................................115
GartnerMethodology (Formerly META Framework)...........................................118
The Role and Use ofEA frameworks....................................................................121
CHAPTER 5 EA Maturity Models.....................................................................................123
Applying Maturity Model to EA............................................................................124
What isaMaturityModel?.............................................................................124
Relevance ofMaturityModels inEA.............................................................126
ARule ofThumb for the Architectural Maturityofan Enterprise................126
OMB EAAssessment Framework.........................................................................127
Architecture Capability Maturity Model ofthe US Department ofCommerce...130
EAMaturityModel by MIT Center for InformationSystemResearch................132
Experiences with the MaturityModels..................................................................134
CHAPTER 6 Foundations ofCollaborativeEA...................................................................137
Reflections on Complexity.....................................................................................139
Beyond Threshing Machines...........................................................................139
Structureand Behavior ofComplexPhenomena............................................140
Principles ofManaging Complexity...............................................................141
Management Capabilities of Hierarchies andNetworks................................146
The EADashboard asa Yardstick for EAEffectiveness......................................152
CHAPTER 7 TowardPragmatism: Leanand Agila EA........................................................159
The Architecture Factory: Applying Lean and Agile Methods toEA..................160
Lean and Agile Principles as Facilitatorsfor the ArchitectureFactory.........162
Contents ix
Definition ofa Lean andAgile EA.................................................................163
Lean and Agile Principles......................................................................................165
Team-driven and Flexible: Agile SoftwareDevelopment..............................165
Learningfrom Mass Production: Lean SoftwareDevelopment.....................174
Lean andAgile:Parallels andDifferences.....................................................180
Building Block 1:GetRid of Waste by Streamlining Architecture Processes....182
The Seven Wastes of EA................................................................................183
Value Stream AnalysisTools for EA.............................................................193
Transition toa Lean andAgile EA Organization...........................................203
Summing It Up:Assessment by the EADashboard.......................................205
BuildingBlock2:InvolveallStakeholdersbyInterlockingArchitectureScrums..205
AnAgile EA Project.......................................................................................206
Scrum Patternsfor EA.....................................................................................209
Summing It Up:Assessment by the EADashboard.......................................215
Building Block 3:PracticeIterativeArchitecture Through EAKanban..............216
Agile EA Requirements Management............................................................217
AnEA Kanban Board Using TOGAFADM..................................................222
Synchronization with Implementation Projects..............................................230
Summing It Up:Assessment by the EADashboard.......................................233
CHAPTER 8 Inviting to Participation: EAM2.0.................................................................235
APrimer on Enterprise 2.0....................................................................................237
Building Block 4:Participation inKnowledge......................................................246
The Strategy Blog............................................................................................247
Collaborative Data Modeling:The ObjectPedia.............................................249
Weak Ties anda Self-Organizing Application Landscape............................251
Summing It Up:Assessment by the EADashboard.......................................256
Building Block 5:Participation inDecisions........................................................258
The DiagnosticProcessLandscape.................................................................259
The Bazaar ofIT Opportunities......................................................................261
Summing It Up:Assessment by the EADashboard.......................................264
Building Block 6:Participation inTransformation...............................................265
MashingUpthe ArchitectureContinuum.......................................................265
The Change Management Microblog..............................................................270
Summing It Up:Assessment by the EADashboard.......................................277
The BottomLine: Inviting toExplore...................................................................278
CHAPTER 9 TheNext Steps: Taking Collaborative EA Forward..........................................279
ASummary.............................................................................................................279
GettingStartedwith Collaborative EA..................................................................283
Interpretingthe Organizational AttitudeTowardChange..............................283