Cognitive Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques

315 Pages·2021·13.37 MB·English

by  Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR

THERAPY
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques is a
crisp, concise elaboration of the 100 main features of the very popular
and evidence- based CBT approach within the field of psychotherapy.
In recent decades CBT has been applied to an ever-i ncreasing
number of problems (including anxiety disorders, substance abuse
and eating disorders) and populations (children, adolescents and older
people). With newly incorporated material on supervision, this exten-
sively revised and updated third edition covers CBT theory and prac-
tice. Divided into helpful sections, the topics covered include:
• Misconceptions about CBT
• Teaching the cognitive model
• Assessment→case conceptualization→treatment planning
• Ways of detecting and answering negative automatic thoughts
(NATs)
• Homework (between- session assignments)
• Conducting behavioural experiments
• Uncovering and restructuring intermediate and core beliefs
• Relapse management
• Resistance
• Supervision
• Third wave CBT
This compact, usable book is an essential guide for psychotherapists
and counsellors, both trainee and qualified, who need to ensure they
are entirely familiar with the key features of CBT as part of a general
introduction to the current major psychotherapies.
MMiicchhaaeell NNeeeennaann is Associate Director of the Centre for Stress
Management and Centre for Coaching, Blackheath, and a member of
the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies.
He has written and edited over 25 books.
WWiinnddyy DDrryyddeenn is Emeritus Professor of Psychotherapeutic Studies
at Goldsmiths College, University of London, and is an international
authority on rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT). He has
worked in psychotherapy for more than 45 years and is the author
and editor of over 230 books.
100 Key Points and Techniques

Series Editor: Windy Dryden
ALSO IN THIS SERIES:
Gestalt Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques
Dave Mann
Integrative Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques
Maria Gilbert and Vanja Orlans
Solution Focused Brief Therapy: 100 Key Points and
Techniques
Harvey Ratner, Evan George and Chris Iveson
Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy: 100 Key Points
and Techniques, 2nd Edition
Windy Dryden and Michael Neenan
Existential Therapy: 100 Key Points and Techniques
Susan Iacovou and Karen Weixel- Dixon
Person- Centred Therapy: 100 Key Points and
Techniques, 2nd Edition
Paul Wilkins
Single- Session Therapy (SST): 100 Key Points and
Techniques
Windy Dryden
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy:
100 Key Points and Techniques
Richard Bennett and Joseph E. Oliver
COGNITIVE

BEHAVIOUR THERAPY
100 KEY POINTS
AND TECHNIQUES
THIRD EDITION
Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden
Third edition published 2021
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon Oxon OX14 4RN
and by Routledge
52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2021 Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden
The right of Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden to be identified as authors
of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78
of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or
hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information
storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without
intent to infringe.
1st edition published in 2004 by Brunner-Routledge
2nd edition published in 2015 by Routledge
British Library Cataloguing-i n- Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging-i n- Publication Data
Names: Neenan, Michael, author. | Dryden, Windy, author.
Title: Cognitive behaviour therapy: 100 key points and techniques /
Michael Neenan and Windy Dryden.
Description: Third edition. | London; New York: Routledge,
Taylor & Francis Group, 2021. | Series: 100 key points and techniques |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2020038040 (print) | LCCN 2020038041 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780367680671 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367680657 (paperback) |
ISBN 9781003134053 (ebook)
Subjects: LCSH: Cognitive therapy.
Classification: LCC RC489.C63 N45 2021 (print) |
LCC RC489.C63 (ebook) | DDC 616.89/1425–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020038040
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020038041
ISBN: 978-0-367-68067-1 (hbk)
ISBN: 978-0-367-68065-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-1-003-13405-3 (ebk)
Typeset in Aldus
by Newgen Publishing UK
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CONTENTS

Preface xiii
Part 1
CBT THEORY 1
1 It is not events per se that determine our feelings
but the meanings that we attach to these events 3
2 Information processing becomes distorted when
we experience emotional distress 6
3 An emotional disorder is usually understood
by examining three levels of thinking 9
4 Thoughts, feelings, behaviour, physiology
and environment are interconnected 13
5 Emotional reactions to events are viewed
along a continuum 15
6 Emotional disorders have a specific cognitive
content 17
7 Cognitive vulnerability to emotional disturbance 19
8 Our thoughts and beliefs are both knowable
and accessible 21
9 Acquisition of emotional disturbance 23
10 Maintenance of emotional disturbance 25
11 The client as personal scientist 27
Part 2
MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT CBT 29
12 Only articulate and intelligent clients can
really benefit from CBT 31
13 CBT does not focus on feelings 33
14 CBT is basically positive thinking 36
vii
viii Contents
15 CBT seems too simple 38
16 CBT is little more than symptom relief 40
17 CBT is not interested in the client’s past or
childhood experiences 42
18 CBT does not make use of the relationship
as a means of client change 44
19 CBT is not interested in the social and
environmental factors that contribute to
clients’ problems 46
20 CBT is just the application of common
sense to clients’ problems 48
21 CBT is just technique- oriented 50
Part 3
CBT PRACTICE 53
GETTING STARTED 55
22 Setting the scene 57
23 Undertaking an assessment 60
24 Assessing client suitability for CBT 63
25 Structuring the therapy session 66
26 Setting the agenda 68
27 Drawing up a problem list 70
28 Agreeing on goals 72
29 Teaching the cognitive model 75
30 Developing a case conceptualization 78
31 Developing treatment plans 82
WAYS OF DETECTING NATS 85
32 Detecting NATs 87
33 Guided discovery 90
34 Using imagery 93
35 Making suggestions 95
36 In- session emotional changes 97
37 Finding the thoughts by ascertaining the client’s
idiosyncratic meaning of the event 99
Contents ix
38 Focusing on feelings 101
39 Assuming the worst 103
40 Situational exposure 105
41 Role play 107
42 Analyzing a specific situation 109
43 NATs in shorthand 110
44 Symptom induction 112
45 Behavioural assignments 114
46 Eliciting key NATs from less important
cognitive data 116
47 Separating situations, thoughts and feelings 119
48 Distinguishing between thoughts and feelings 122
EXAMINING AND RESPONDING TO NATS 125
49 Answering back 127
50 Weighing the evidence 130
51 Constructing alternative explanations 132
52 Identifying cognitive distortions 134
53 Looking at the advantages and disadvantages 136
54 Defining terms 139
55 Reattribution 141
56 Decatastrophizing 143
57 Exploring double standards 146
58 Modifying fearful imagery 148
59 Using behavioural experiments 150
60 Socratic questioning (a method of guided
discovery) 153
61 Exaggeration and humour 156
62 Writing down alternative responses to NATs 158
HOMEWORK 161
63 Rationale for homework 163
64 Types of homework assignment 165
65 Negotiating homework assignments 169
66 Reviewing homework assignments 172