Cognitive Radio Networks: Efficient Resource Allocation in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular Communications, High-Speed Vehicles, and Smart Grid

143 Pages·2015·4.597 MB·English

by  Tao Jiang, Zhiqiang Wang, Yang Cao

Digital & Wireless Communication Ji Cognitive Radio
a
n
g
Resource allocation is an important issue in wireless communication networks. In •

recent decades, cognitive radio-based networks have garnered increased attention W
and have been well studied to overcome the problem of spectrum scarcity in future a
n Networks
wireless communications systems. Many new challenges in resource allocation g

appear in cognitive radio-based networks. This book focuses on effective resource •

C
allocation solutions in several important cognitive radio-based networks, including
a
o
opportunistic spectrum access networks, cooperative sensing networks, cellular
networks, high-speed vehicle networks, and smart grids.
Efficient Resource Allocation
Cognitive radio networks are composed of cognitive, spectrum-agile devices capable
of changing their configuration on the fly based on the spectral environment. This
capability makes it possible to design flexible and dynamic spectrum access strategies in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular
with the purpose of opportunistically reusing portions of the spectrum temporarily
C
vacated by licensed primary users. Different cognitive radio-based networks focus on Communications, High-Speed
O
different network resources, such as transmission slots, sensing nodes, transmission
power, white space, and sensing channels. G Vehicles, and Smart Grid
N
This book introduces several innovative resource allocation schemes for different I
T
cognitive radio-based networks according to their network characteristics:
I
V
• Opportunistic spectrum access networks – Introduces a probabilistic slot
E
allocation scheme to effectively allocate the transmission slots to secondary
Tao Jiang
R
users to maximize throughput
A
• Cooperative sensing networks – Introduces a new adaptive collaboration
D Zhiqiang Wang
sensing scheme in which the resources of secondary users are effectively
I
utilized to sense the channels for efficient acquisition of spectrum opportunities O
Yang Cao
• Cellular networks – Introduces a framework of cognitive radio-assisted
N
cooperation for downlink transmissions to allocate transmission modes, relay
E
stations, and transmission power/sub-channels to secondary users to maximize
T
throughput
W
• High-speed vehicle networks – Introduces schemes to maximize the utilized
O
TV white space through effective allocation of white space resources to
secondary users R
K
• Smart grids – Introduces effective sensing channel allocation strategies for
S
acquiring enough available spectrum channels for communications between
utility and electricity consumers
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Cognitive Radio
Networks
Efficient Resource Allocation
in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular
Communications, High-Speed
Vehicles, and Smart Grid
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Cognitive Radio
Networks
Efficient Resource Allocation
in Cooperative Sensing, Cellular
Communications, High-Speed
Vehicles, and Smart Grid
Tao Jiang
Zhiqiang Wang
Yang Cao
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2015 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Version Date: 20150129
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Contents
Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
AbouttheAuthors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 CognitiveRadio-BasedNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 OpportunisticSpectrumAccessNetworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 CognitiveRadioNetworkswithCooperativeSensing . . . . . . . . 6
1.4 CognitiveRadioNetworksforCellularCommunications . . . . . . 8
1.5 CognitiveRadioNetworksforHigh-SpeedVehicles . . . . . . . . 10
1.6 CognitiveRadioNetworksforaSmartGrid . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.7 ContentandOrganization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2 TransmissionSlotAllocationinanOpportunisticSpectrumAccess
Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.1 Single-UserSingle-ChannelSystemModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.2 ProbabilisticSlotAllocationScheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.3 OptimalProbabilisticSlotAllocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.1 BaselinePerformance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.2 ExponentialDistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2.3.3 Hyper-ErlangDistribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2.4 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.1 ImpactofSensingErrors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.4.2 ImpactofUnknownPrimaryUserIdlePeriodDistribution . 26
2.4.3 PerformanceComparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
2.5 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Appendix2-A:DerivationofT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
k
Appendix2-B:DerivationofPC1,1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
k
v
vi (cid:4) Contents
Appendix2-C:DerivationofT1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
k
3 SensingNodeAllocationinaCognitiveRadioNetworkwith
CooperativeSensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
3.1 Multi-UserMulti-ChannelSystemModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
3.2 AdaptiveCollaborationSensingScheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.1 BasicIdea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.2 SequentialProbabilityRatioTest. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2.3 OptimalSensingNodeAllocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.3 PerformanceEvaluationandAnalysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Appendix3-A:ProofofL(t ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
ik
Ui
Appendix3-B:DerivationofP ∑ Tik<lnη0 ξi . . . . . . . . . . . 53
−
(cid:18)k=1 (cid:19)
4 TransmissionPowerAllocationinaCognitiveRadioNetwork. . . . . 57
4.1 CognitiveRadio-AssistedCooperationFramework . . . . . . . . . 58
4.2 OptimalTransmissionPowerAllocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.2.1 Cross-LayerOptimization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
4.2.2 PowerConstraintElimination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
4.2.3 ThroughputMaximization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4.3 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.3.1 SimulationScenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
4.3.2 PerformanceComparisons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
4.3.3 ImpactoftheCellPopulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.3.4 ImpactofthePrimaryUserTrafficLoad . . . . . . . . . . . 70
4.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
5 WhiteSpaceAllocationinaCognitiveRadio-BasedHigh-SpeedVehicle
Network. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
5.1 ACognitiveRadio-BasedHigh-SpeedVehicleNetwork . . . . . . 76
5.1.1 SystemModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
5.1.2 PathLossModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
5.1.3 AvailableChannelList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
5.1.4 SpectrumSharingList . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.2 MaximizationofUtilizedWhiteSpace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
5.2.1 SeparationComputing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
5.2.2 BranchandBoundSearchMethod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
5.2.3 Single-ChannelMethodwithLowComplexity . . . . . . . 89
5.2.4 LinearProgrammingMethodwithLowComplexity . . . . 90
5.3 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
5.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Contents (cid:4) vii
6 Sensing ChannelAllocationinaCognitiveRadioNetworkforaSmart
Grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
6.1 ElectricityLoadShapingFramework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.1.1 SmartGridModel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
6.1.2 TheCognitiveRadioNetworkModel . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
6.2 SensingChannelAllocationandLoadShapingStrategies . . . . . . 106
6.2.1 SensingChannelAllocationStrategies . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
6.2.2 LoadShapingStrategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
6.3 PerformanceAnalysisandEvaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
6.3.1 PerformanceofSensingChannelAllocation . . . . . . . . . 109
6.3.2 PerformanceofElectricityLoadShaping . . . . . . . . . . 111
6.4 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127