Cognitive Changes and the Aging Brain

331 Pages·2019·6.716 MB·English

by  Kenneth M Heilman (editor)

Cognitive Changes and
the Aging Brain

Cognitive Changes and
the Aging Brain
Edited by
Kenneth M. Heilman
DepartmentofNeurology,UniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine
Stephen E. Nadeau
DepartmentofNeurology,UniversityofFloridaCollegeofMedicine
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DOI:10.1017/9781108554350
©KennethM.HeilmanandStephenE.Nadeau2020
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Heilman,KennethM.,1938–editor.|Nadeau,StephenE.,
editor.
Title:Cognitivechangesandtheagingbrain/editedbyKenneth
M.Heilman,StephenE.Nadeau.
Description:Cambridge,UnitedKingdom;NewYork,NY:Cambridge
UniversityPress,2020.|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2019036972(print)|LCCN2019036973(ebook)|
ISBN9781108453608(paperback)|ISBN9781108554350(epub)
Subjects:MESH:Brain–physiology|CognitiveAging|Cognitive
Dysfunction|NeurodegenerativeDiseases
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This book isdedicated to DonaldT.Stuss.
On September 3,2019,Don died.He was 77. Only now have we learned
that hewrote his wonderfulchapter while he was terribly ill.This was
vintageDon:brilliantandpassionatescientist,dedicatededucator,andthe
kindestof men tothe very end.
Don’s scientific work islegion:Over 200 peer-reviewed publications,
over 50book chapters, two editions of his landmark book, Principles of
Frontal LobeFunction,two editions ofCognitive Rehabilitation,coedited
with Gordon Winocur and IanRobertson, and more than 300
presentations.Hispublicationshavebeencitedover33,000times.Earlyin
his career, he workedwith two of the founders of American
neuropsychology,FrankBensonandEdithKaplan.Hismajorinterestwas
always in thefrontal lobes and executive functions. His creativity and
scientific discipline made him a leader in this field formuchof his life.
Oneofhisearliestpapers,“Long-termeffectsofprefrontalleucotomy–an
overview ofneuropsychologic residuals,”published in 1981, introduced
theworldtoDonandsignaledthenewandhighlyproductiveapproaches
he was going to take. He also wrote papers about the neuropsychological
effects ofmanydifferentdiseases that cause frontal lobedysfunction,
including head trauma, stroke,degenerative diseases,and aging. His
curiosity led to studies of humor,memory,word finding, and emotions.
Inaddition to his creativity and scientificproductivity, Don was an
extraordinary teacher and mentor. He helped to train many notable
neuropsychologists and neurologists.
Alistof all Don’s accomplishments as an administrator and leader
wouldrequire several pages; however,most significantly, he was the
founding Director ofthe Rotman ResearchInstitute(1989–2008) and
founding President andScientificDirector of the Ontario Brain Institute
(2011–2015).Hislistofhonorswouldalsotakemorepages.Mostnotably,
he was a Fellow of the Royal Societyof Canada andreceived lifetime
achievement awards from both the National Academy of
Neuropsychology(2011) and the International Neuropsychological
Society(2013).
Don was a kind man ofgentlehumor.The editors of this book and
manyotherneuropsychologistsandneurologistswillmissourdearfriend.
Hispresencewasablessingandheleftuswithatreasureofknowledge.We
feel particularly privilegedto be able to include his chapter inthis book.

Contents
List of Contributors viii
1 Introduction 1 12 Alterations in Executive Functions
KennethM. Heilman and Stephen E.Nadeau with Aging 168
DonaldT.Stuss andFergusI. M. Craik
2 Anatomic andHistologicalChanges of the
Aging Brain 5 13 Brain Aging andCreativity 188
Anthony T.Yachnis Ira S. Fischler and KennethM. Heilman
3 Cellular andMolecular Mechanisms for 14 Attractor Network Dynamics, Transmitters,
Age-Related Cognitive Decline 16 and Memory and Cognitive Changes
Jolie D. Barter and Thomas C.Foster in Aging 203
Edmund T.Rolls
4 Neuroimaging of the Aging Brain 28
Ronald. A. Cohen,Eric Porges, and Joseph 15 Mechanisms of Aging-RelatedCognitive
M. Gullett Decline 226
Stephen E. Nadeau
5 ChangesinVisuospatial,Visuoperceptual,and
Navigational Ability inAging 54 16 The Influence ofPhysical Exercise on
Gabrielle A. Hromas andRussellM. Bauer Cognitive Aging 245
Jamie C. Peven, ChelseaM. Stillman, and Kirk
6 Chemosensory Functionduring
I. Erickson
NeurologicallyHealthy Aging 68
Jennifer J. Stamps 17 Pharmacological CosmeticNeurology 264
Erin C.Conradand Anjan Chatterjee
7 MemoryChanges in the Aging Brain 95
Glenn J.Larrabee 18 Cognitive Rehabilitation in
Healthy Aging 278
8 Aging-Related Alterations in Language 106
Nicole D. Anderson and Gordon Winocur
Stephen E. Nadeau
19 Preventing Cognitive Decline and
9 Changes inEmotionsandMood Dementia 291
with Aging 127
Yat-FungSheaand Steven T.DeKosky
Erin Trifilio, John B. Williamson, and
KennethM. Heilman
10 Aging and Attention 140
Ian H. Robertson and Paul M. Dockree Index 307
11 Changes inMotor Programming The color platesappear between pages 110
with Aging 153 and111
KennethM. Heilman
ii
Contributors
Nicole D.Anderson Kirk I.Erickson
Departments of Psychology& Psychiatry, University Department ofPsychology and Center for the
of Torontoand Rotman ResearchInstitute,Baycrest Neural Basis ofCognition, University of Pittsburgh,
HealthSciences,Toronto, Canada PA, USA
Jolie D.Barter IraS. Fischler
Department ofNeuroscienceand McKnightBrain Department ofPsychology and Office of Research,
Institute, University ofFlorida, FL, USA University of Florida, FL, USA
Russell M. Bauer Thomas C. Foster
Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Department ofNeuroscienceand Genetics and
Randall VA Medical Center, Departments of Clinical Genomics Program andMcKnight Brain Institute,
& Health Psychologyand Neurology, University of University of Florida, FL, USA
Florida, FL, USA
Joseph M. Gullett
Anjan Chatterjee Center for Cognitive Agingand Memory,Evelyn
Department ofNeurology, Perelman Schoolof F. McKnight Brain Instituteand Departmentof
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA Clinical andHealthPsychology, University of
Florida, FL, USA
Ronald A. Cohen
CenterforCognitiveAgingandMemory,Evelyn Kenneth M. Heilman
F.McKnightBrainInstituteandDepartmentofClinical GeriatricResearch,EducationandClinicalCenter
andHealthPsychology,UniversityofFlorida,FL,USA attheMalcomRandalVeteransAffairsMedicalCenter
Departments of Neurology and Clinical
Erin C.Conrad
and HealthPsychology, University of Florida,
Department ofNeurology, Perelman Schoolof FL, USA
Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
Gabrielle A. Hromas
Fergus I. M. Craik Departments of Clinical &HealthPsychology and
University of Toronto, Rotman Research Institute of Neurology, University ofFlorida, FL, USA
BaycrestCentre,Toronto, Canada
Glenn J. Larrabee
Steven T. DeKosky Independent Practice in Forensic Neuropsychology,
Department ofNeurology and McKnight Brain Sarasota, FL, USA
Institute, University ofFlorida, FL, USA
Stephen E. Nadeau
Paul M.Dockree ResearchService andthe Brain Rehabilitation
Schoolof Psychologyand Instituteof Neuroscience, ResearchCenter,MalcomRandallVAMedicalCenter
TrinityCollegeDublin,UniversityofDublin,Dublin, Department ofNeurology, University ofFlorida
Ireland College ofMedicine, FL, USA
iii
ListofContributors
Jamie C. Peven Chelsea M. Stillman
Department of Psychologyand Center forthe DepartmentofPsychologyandCenterfortheNeural
Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, BasisofCognition,UniversityofPittsburgh,PA,USA
PA, USA
Donald T. Stuss
Eric Porges University of Toronto, Rotman ResearchInstituteof
BaycrestCentre,Toronto, Canada
Centerfor Cognitive Aging and Memory
EvelynF.McKnightBrainInstituteandDepartment
Erin Trifilio
ofClinicalandHealthPsychology,Universityof
Department of Clinical and Health Psychology,
Florida,FL,USA
University of Florida,FL, USA
Ian H.Robertson John B. Williamson
Global Brain HealthInstitute,Institute of Department of Psychiatry,University of Florida,
Neuroscience, Trinity CollegeDublin,University of FL, USA
Dublin,Dublin,Ireland
Gordon Winocur
Edmund T. Rolls Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest HealthSciences,
OxfordCentre for Computational Neuroscience, Toronto, Canada
Oxford,UK DepartmentofPsychology,TrentUniversity,Ontario,
Canada
Yat-FungShea Departments of Psychology &Psychiatry, University
Department of Medicine, LKS Facultyof Medicine of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Queen Mary Hospital, University of Hong Kong,
Hong Kong AnthonyT. Yachnis
Department of Pathology, Immunology, and
Jennifer J. Stamps Laboratory Medicine,
Trait Biosciences, Los Alamos,NM, USA University of Florida Collegeof Medicine, FL, USA
i