Table Of ContentIus Comparatum – Global Studies
in Comparative Law
SeriesEditors:
Jürgen Basedow Max Planck Institute for Comparative and International Private Law,
Germany
GeorgeBermannColumbiaUniversitySchoolofLaw,USA
EditorialBoard
XavierBlanc-JouvanUniversitéPanthéon-Sorbonne,France
BénédicteFauvarque-CossonUniversitéPanthéon-Assas,France
ToshiyukiKonoKyushuUniversity,Japan
MarekSafjanCourdeJusticedel’Unioneuropéenne,Luxembourg
JorgeSánchezCorderoMexicanCenterofUniformLaw,Mexico
Forfurthervolumes:
http://www.springer.com/series/11943
Wen-Yeu Wang
Editor
Codification in East Asia
Selected Papers from the 2nd IACL Thematic
Conference
2123
Editor
Wen-YeuWang
CollegeofLaw
NationalTaiwanUniversity
Taipei
Taiwan
ISSN2214-6881 ISSN 2214-689X(electronic)
ISBN978-3-319-03445-4 ISBN978-3-319-03446-1(eBook)
DOI10.1007/978-3-319-03446-1
SpringerChamHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013958373
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Introduction to the Codification Books
(two volumes)
Codificationistheprocessofcollectingandrestatingthelawofajurisdictioninto
alegalcode.Thisprocesshasofteninvolvedinternationaldimensionsand,assuch,
haslongdrawntheattentionofcomparativejurists.AhistoricexampleistheEast
AsianreceptionofWesternlaws,inparticulartheGermanCivilCode,inthenine-
teenthcentury.Morerecently,globalizationhasincreasedtherelevanceofthistopic.
ExamplesincludetheproposedCommonEuropeanSalesLawandthecodification
efforts in the legal transition of former Soviet States. Consequently, comparative
jurists are now challenged to apply the study of codification on an unprecedented
scale.Thispublishedwork, withitscombinationofcomprehensivenessanddepth,
isameaningfulcontributiontothisendeavor.
As a matter of background, this work grew out of the IACL Thematic Confer-
ence on the subject of codification held at the NationalTaiwan University in May
2012. Scholarsworldwide, includingscholarsfromthecommonlawandcivillaw
systems,gatheredinTaiwantoexplorethisimportanttopic.Consideringthetheme
of“codification”anditssubthemeonEastAsia,Taiwanoffersabefittingsettingfor
thishistoricevent,forTaiwaneselawrepresentsarareamalgamationofContinental
civillaw,commonlaw,Confucianismandmulticulturallegacy.
Thisworkisdividedintotwovolumes.Thefirstvolumefirstprovidesanoverview
and explores codification from various theoretical perspectives and their attendant
profoundimplications.Itthenaddressessoftcodificationefforts,suchastheUnidroit
PrinciplesofCommercialContractsandthesupranationalcodificationofprivatelaw
inEuropeanditssignificanceforthirdstates.
Codification reform occurs as the ideology and rationales of the law evolve. A
dramaticexampleisthecodificationofprivatelawinformerSovietstatesinpost-
Soviettimes,towhichthisvolumenextturns.Inaddition,differentfieldsoflawlend
themselvesdifferentlytocodification.Thisvolumethenfocusesondifferentfieldsof
law,includingadministrativeprocedure,criminallawandhumanrightslaw.These
field-basedstudiesareheavilyinformedbynationalperspectivesandexperiences,as
codificationdiffersinmethodsandresultsfromacrosscountriesandmustconsider
country-specificcharacteristics.
The second volume is devoted to EastAsian Law. It first puts the codification
in EastAsia in context by exploring the defining characteristics of the EastAsian
v
vi IntroductiontotheCodificationBooks(twovolumes)
legalfamilyandbyexaminingthecodificationandlegaltransplantofWesternlaws
fromaninternationalperspective.Itthendiscussesthecodificationexperiencefrom
fourfieldsoflaw,namelycommerciallaw,administrativelaw,civillawandprivate
international law by drawing upon national perspectives. The rich discourse and
experienceinEastAsiaservetoenrichthestudyofcodification.
OnbehalfoftheTaiwanCommitteeoftheAcademy,IwouldliketothankPres-
identProfessorGeorgeBermannandSecretary-GeneralProfessorJürgenBasedow
for their invaluable support and guidance along the way. I also appreciate the un-
waveringsupportofmycolleaguesatNationalTaiwanUniversityCollegeofLaw.
Lastly,IwouldliketothankoureditorsattheSpringer,particularlyDr.NeilOlivier,
fortheirprofessionaleditorialefforts.
Wen-YeuWang
CollegeofLaw,NationalTaiwanUniversity
Taipei,Taiwan
TitularMemberandTaiwanChair
InternationalAcademyofComparativeLaw
Preface
Juristsaroundtheworldknowthatthevalueofthelawliesnotonlyinitscontent,but
alsoinitsform.Andnoaspectoflegalformalismhasinterestedcomparatistsasmuch
as the extent of legislative codification or non-codification across legal systems. It
is well known that civil law systems have a tendency to favor the codification of
law—oratleastthecodificationofcertainbodiesoflaw—whereascodification,as
itistypicallyunderstood,hasnotfoundspecialfavorinthecommonlaw.
Butthequestionssurroundingcodificationarefarmorecomplexthananysimple
dichotomybetweencivillawandcommonlawsystemscanpossiblycapture.Thisis
dueinparttothecomplexityofcodificationitself.Thus,codificationcanitselftake
differentformsandis,inanyevent,amatterofdegree,sinceinnosystemisthelaw
fullycodified.Conversely,nomodernsystem—nomatterhowunreceptiveitmaybe
tocodificationasalegislativemethod—iswithoutcodificationaltogether.
Even in a legal system that has long enjoyed codification, codification reform
occurs,andnotonlybecausethecontentofthelawhasevolved.Codificationcannot
be,orshouldnotbe,static,sothatevenlargelycodifiedsystemsneedtoaddressthe
challenge of maintaining over time the coherence and systematization that codifi-
cationpromises,evenasthelawitselfevolves.Thusanystudyofcodificationalso
entails processes of de-codification and recodification as well. We also know that,
evenlimitingourselvestolargelycodifiedsystems,codificationdiffersimportantly
inmethodsandresultsfromcountrytocountry.Notleast,differentfieldsoflawlend
themselvesdifferentlytocodification.Thislastobservationcausedthearchitectsof
this publication to build it very largely around fields of law, so that the distinctive
experiencesincodificationacrossfieldscouldbewellunderstoodandappreciated.
In short, the degree and manner of legal codification is not only an important
aspectoflaw,butanexceedinglycomplexone.Asasubject,itaccordinglywarrants
anexaminationthatisbothindepthandwide-ranging.Uptonow,nosuchenterprise
hadeverbeenundertaken.
The present two-volume work fills that gap. It grew out of a large international
conference on the subject of codification held at the National Taiwan University
in May 2012. The occasion was the second quadrennial thematic congress of the
International Academy of Comparative Law. Historically, the Academy has held
worldcongressesembracingaverywiderangeoftopics—asmanyasthirtyinany
vii
viii Preface
given congress. Several years ago, theAcademy became highly conscious of the
factthattherearelimitsinfocusanddepthtocongressesofthatmagnitude.While
thosecongresseshavetheimportantmeritofattractingandassemblingcomparatists
across a very wide range of interest, and will therefore continue to be held every
fouryears(thenextinViennain2014), theAcademyleadershipthoughtittimeto
introduceanadditionalspeciesofcongressthatwouldbearonasingletheme,albeit
abroadlyconceivedone.ThefirstsuchthematiccongressoftheAcademywasheld
inMexicoCityin2008onthethemeofunificationoflaw.Codificationturnedout
tobeasimilarlycompellingsubjectforthenextthematiccongresstofollow,which
wouldbeinTaiwan.
Thispublicationitselfistestimonytotheimportanceandcomplexityofthesub-
jectofcodification.Wisely,thisvolumeisnotentirelyorganizedbyjurisdiction.It
beginswithageneraltheoreticalandhistoricalviewofcodification, followedbya
series of other “horizontal” inquiries. But a large portion of the work is organized
aroundfields, andindeedanimpressiverangeofthem: fromadministrativeproce-
duretosaleslaw,fromcriminallawtocommerciallaw,fromhumanrightstoprivate
lawgenerally.Ontheotherhand,thesefield-basedinquiriesbuilduponspecificna-
tionallegalexperiences,asevidencedbythelargenumberofnationalreportsoutof
whichthesyntheticgeneralreportsoneachofthefieldscoveredhavegrown.Only
amethodologyofthatsortcanachievethecombinationofspecificityandbreadthof
visionthatthepresentworkexemplifies.
Italsoseemedhighlyappropriateforthecongressandthepublicationresulting
fromittofocusonAsia—notonlybecauseofthelocationofthiscongressinTaiwan,
butalsobecausecodificationisasubjectofintensecurrentinterestinthatpartofthe
world. That perspective defined an important segment of theTaiwan congress and
definesanimportantsegmentofthepresentpublication,namelythesecondvolume
inthistwo-volumework.WhilefocusingonAsia,thisvolumetooisorganizedboth
aroundfieldandaroundcountry.
This study of codification, as well as de-codification and recodification, is
thereforeunprecedentedinitsrichness—arichnessthatderivesfromitsskillfulcom-
binationofdetailandbreadth.Thecomparativelawacademygenerallyisindebted
to all who contributed to this study and, above all, to ProfessorWenYeuWang of
NationalTaiwanUniversity,whoservedasitsprincipalinspirationandarchitect.
GeorgeA.Bermann
ColumbiaLawSchool,New York,N.Y.
President,InternationalAcademyofComparativeLaw
Contents
PartI CodificationinContext
1 TheDefiningCharacteristicsoftheLegalFamilyinEastAsia ....... 3
Wen-YeuWangandYen-LinAgnesChiu
2 Codificationinthe21stCentury—AViewfromKorea.............. 19
KeechangKim
Part II Codification and Legal Transplant in East Asia:
InternationalPerspectives
3 Codification and Decodification: The State of the Civil
andCommercialCodesinIndonesia ............................. 39
GaryF.Bell
4 LawCodificationinEastAsiaToday:JapaneseandIndianExamples 51
Jean-LouisHalpérin
PartIII CodificationonCommercialLaw
5 CodificationinEastAsia:CommercialLaw ....................... 61
KonSikKim
6 A Report on Commercial Codification in China, with a Focus
onGeneralProvisions .......................................... 81
QiaoLiu,XiangRenandZhenxingZhang
7 The Evolution of Commercial Law in the People’s Republic
ofChina(PRC) ................................................ 91
JianboLou
8 China: ExploringanAlternativeofCommercialCodeintheCourse
ofCivilCodification ............................................ 105
XianchuZhang
ix
x Contents
9 TheCommercialCodeinJapan.................................. 121
TomotakaFujita
10 Taiwan’s National Report: Codification in East Asia:
CommercialLaw............................................... 131
Ming-JyeHuangandWang-RuuTseng
PartIV CodificationonAdministrativeLaw
11 TheCodificationofAdministrativeLaw:GeneralConsideration .... 139
RyujiYamamoto
12 TheCodificationofChineseAdministrativeProceduralLaw ........ 147
Zhong-leZhan
13 LaCodificationenMatièreAdministrativeauJapon ............... 153
JunkoIIJIMA
14 TheCodificationofAdministrativeLawinSouthKorea ............ 161
SeongWookHeo
15 RuleofLawinTaiwan:TransplantationandCodification........... 167
Chien-liangLee
PartV CodificationonCivilLaw
16 CodificationofCivilLawinEastAsia–AGeneralReport .......... 181
Yeong-chinSu
17 Civil Law Codification in China: Its Characteristics,
SocialFunctionsandFuture..................................... 201
ShiyuanHan
PartVI CodificationonPrivateInternationalLaw
18 A Commentary on Private International Law in EastAsia—From
thePerspectiveofChineseLaw .................................. 215
JinHuangandZhengxinHuo
19 TheRecentDevelopmentofPrivateInternationalLawinTaiwan.... 233
Rong-chwanChen
