Table Of ContentCockroaches
as Models for
Neurobiology :
Applications in
Biomedical Research
Volume I1
Editors
Ivan Huber, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Biological and Allied Health Sciences
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Florham Park - Madison Campus
Madison, New Jersey
Edward P. Masler, Ph.D.
Research Physiologist
Insect Reproduction Laboratory
Agricultural Research Service
U. S. Department of Agriculture
Beltsville, Maryland
B. R. Rao, Ph.D.
Professor
Department of Biological Sciences
East Stroudsburg University
East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania
orkBoca Raton London New Y
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Cockroaches as models for neurobiology: applications in biomedical
research/editors, Ivan Huber, Edward P. Masler, B. R. Rao.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references.
ISBN 0-8493-4838-2 (v. 1) — ISBN 0-8493-4839-0 (v. 2)
1. Neurobiology—Research—Methodology . 2. Plectoptera
(Cockroach)—Physiology. I. Huber, Ivan, 1931- . II. Masler,
Edward P., 1948- . III. Rao, B. R., 1936- .
QP357.C63 1990
595.7’22’0724—dc2 0 89-22149
A Library of Congress record exists under LC control number: 89022149
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ISBN 13: 978-1-315-89166-8 (hbk)
ISBN 13: 978-1-351-07076-8 (ebk)
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THE EDITORS
Ivan Huber, Ph.D., is Professor of Biology at Fairleigh Dickinson University, Madison,
New Jersey.
Dr. Huber received his A.B. degree in Zoology from Cornell University, Ithaca, New
York in 1954 and his Doctorate in Entomology from the University of Kansas, Lawrence
in 1968.
Dr. Huber is a member of the Entomological Society of America, The New York
Entomological Society, the Society for the Study of Evolution, the Society of Systematic
Zoology, and the honorary society Sigma Xi. He has been the recipient of research grants
from the Merck Institute for Therapeutic Research.
Dr. Huber has written on allomones in chigger mites and the ecological genetics of flour
beetles, but most of his work has been on cockroaches. He has published articles on the
taxonomy, population biology, and oviposition behavior of this group. He currently is
studying leaming and memory in cockroaches.
Edward P. Masler, Ph.D., is a Research Physiologist in the Insect Reproduction
Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville,
Maryland. He received his A.B. in Biology from St. Anselm College, Manchester, New
Hampshire (1970) and an M.S. in Genetics from the University of New Hampshire, Durham
(1973). He was awarded a Ph.D. in Biology from the University of Notre Dame, South
Bend, Indiana (1978), where he became interested in the physiology of insect development
and reproduction. He was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship to the Roche Institute of
Molecular Biology, where he spent 2 years in the Department of Biochemistry studying
vitellogenic protein structure and modification in the developing oocyte. A postdoctoral
appointment to the Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York fol-
lowed, where he investigated neuropeptides responsible for ecdysteroid and vitellogenin
production. Dr. Masler has been a Research Physiologist with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture since 1982 and currently is interested in the biochemistry and molecular biology
of development and reproduction in selected dipteran and lepidopteran species. Special
emphasis is placed on the identities and roles of neuropeptides in metamorphosis and ovarian
maturation. Memberships include the International Brain Research Organization, the Inter-
national Society of Invertebrate Reproduction and Development, The Society for Devel-
opmental Biology, the Society for Neuroscience, and the Society of Sigma Xi.
Balakrishna R. Rao, Ph.D., is Professor of Biology at East Stroudsburg University,
East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania. He received his B.S. in Agriculture from Banaras Hindu
University, Varanasi, India in 1957, his M. S. in Agriculture from Karnatak University,
Dharwad, Kamataka, India in 1959, and a Ph.D. in Entomology from The Ohio State
University, Columbus in 1964. His doctoral work in insect physiology culminated in his
dissertation, entitled "Trypsin Activity Associated with the Reproductive Development in
the Female Tampa Cockroach, Nauphoeta cinerea Oliv.". Dr. Rao had been a Postdoctoral
Fellow at The Johns Hopkins University, the University of Connecticut, and The Marine
Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, Massachusetts prior to becoming Associate Professor
of Biology at East Stroudsburg University. He is a member of the Entomological Society
of Pennsylvania, the Entomological Society of America, Sigma Xi, the the Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania University Biologists. Dr. Rao's current interests include reproductive phys-
iology and digestive enzymes in cockroaches as well as mosquito reproductive physiology.
CONTRIBUTORS
Volume I
David W. Alsop, Ph.D. Ayodhya P. Gupta, Ph.D.
Department of Biology Department of Entomology
Queens College, CUNY Rutgers University
Flushing, New York New Brunswick, New Jersey
Moray Anderson, Ph.D.
Ivan Huber, Ph.D.
Department of Zoology and
Department of Biological and
Comparative Physiology
Allied Health Sciences
University of Birmingham
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Birmingham, England
Florham Park - Madison Campus
Madison, New Jersey
David J. Beadle, Ph.D.
School of Biological and Molecular
Sciences Bernard Hue, Ph.D.
Oxford Polytechnic Laboratory of Physiology
Headington, Oxford URA CNRS 61 1
England University of Angers
Angers, France
William J. Bell, Ph.D.
Department of Entomology
Charles J. Kaars, Ph.D.
University of Kansas
Department of Biological Sciences
Lawrence, Kansas
State University of New York
Buffalo, New York
Isabel Bermudez, Ph.D.
School of Biological and
Molecular Sciences E. P. Masler, Ph.D.
Oxford Polytechnic Agricultural Research Service
Headington, Oxford U. S. Department of Agriculture
England Beltsville, Maryland
Jonathan M. Blagburn, Ph.D.
Thomas A. Miller, Ph.D.
Institute of Neurobiology
Department of Entomology
University of Puerto Rico
University of California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Riverside, California
Jean- Jacques Callec, Ph.D.
Laboratory of Animal Physiology Marcel Pelhate, Ph.D.
University of Rennes I Laboratory of Physiology
Rennes, France URA CNRS 6 1 1
University of Angers
Yesu T. Das, Ph.D. Angers, France
Innovative Scientific Services, Inc.
Piscataway, New Jersey
Yves Pichon, Ph.D.
Charles R. Fourtner, Ph.D. Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology
Department of Biological Sciences Department of Biophysics
State University of New York C.N.R.S.
Buffalo, New York Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Robert M. Pitman, Ph.D. C. S. Thompson, Ph.D.
Department of Biology and Department of Zoology
Preclinical Medicine University of Toronto
Gatty Marine Laboratory Toronto, Ontario
St. Andrews, Fife Canada
Scotland
S. S. Tobe, Ph.D.
B. R. Rao, Ph.D. Department of Zoology
Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto
East Stroudsburg University Toronto, Ontario
East Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania Canada
David B. Sattelle, Ph.D. Hiroshi Washio, Ph.D.
Unit of Insect Neurophysiology Laboratory of Neurophysiology
and Pharmacology Mitsubishi-Kasei Institute
Department of Zoology of Life Sciences
University of Cambridge Machida, Tokyo
Cambridge, England Japan
Karel Slama, Ph.D.
Insect Chemical Ecology Unit
Institute of Organic Chemistry
Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences
Prague, Czechoslovakia
CONTRIBUTORS
Volume I1
Michael E. Adams, Ph.D. Manfred J. Kern, Ph.D.
Division of Toxicology and Physiology Pflanzenschutzforschung-Biologie
Department of Entomology Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
University of California Frankfurt am Main, Federal Republic
Riverside, California of Germany
Cynthia A. Bishop, Ph.D.
Michael K. Leung, Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Multidisciplinary Center for the Study of
Stanford University
Aging and ChemistryIPhysics Program
Stanford, California
SUNYICollege at Old Westbury
Old Westbury, New York
Benjamin J. Cook, Ph.D.
Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology
Research Laboratory Michael I. Mote, Ph.D.
Agricultural Research Service Department of Biology
U. S. Department of Agriculture Temple University
College Station, Texas Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Roger G. H. Downer, Ph.D.
Department of Biology Michael O'Shea, Ph.D.
University of Waterloo Laboratory of Neurobiology
Waterloo, Ontario University of Geneva
Canada Geneva, Switzerland
Franz Engelmann, Ph.D.
Department of Biology Terry L. Page, Ph.D.
University of California Department of Biology
Los Angeles, California Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee
Derek W. Gammon, Ph.D.
Agricultural Research Division
Susan M. Rankin, Ph.D.
American Cyanamid Co.
Department of Entomology
Princeton, New Jersey
Texas A&M University
College Station, Texas
Ivan Huber, Ph.D.
Department of Biological and Allied
Health Sciences Coby Schal, Ph.D.
Fairleigh Dickinson University
Department of Entomology
Florham Park - Madison Campus
Cook College
Madison, New Jersey
Rutgers University
New Brunswick, New Jersey
Larry L. Keeley, Ph.D.
Laboratories for Invertebrate
Neuroendocrine Research Berta Scharrer, Ph.D.
Department of Entomology Department of Anatomy and
Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Structural Biology
Texas A&M University Albert Einstein College of Medicine
College Station, Texas Bronx, New York
Giinter Seelinger, Ph.D. Renee M. Wagner, Ph.D.
Institute for Zoology Veterinary Toxicology and Entomology
University of Regensburg Research Laboratory
Regensburg, Federal Republic Agricultural Research Service
of Germany U.S. Department of Agriculture
College Station, Texas
Alan F. Smith, Ph.D.
Department of Entomology Jane L. Witten, Ph.D.
Cook College Laboratory of Neurobiology
Rutgers University University of Geneva
New Brunswick, New Jersey Geneva, Switzerland
Rajindar S. Sohal, Ph.D. Stephen Zawistowski, Ph.D.
Department of Biological Sciences Division of Social Sciences
Southern Methodist University St. John's University
Dallas, Texas Staten Island, New York
George B. Stefano, Ph.D. Sasha N. Zill, Ph.D.
Multidisciplinary Center for the Study of Department of Anatomy
Aging and Biological Sciences Program Marshal1 University School of Medicine
SUNYICollege at Old Westbury Huntington, West Virginia
Old Westbury, New York
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Volume I
Prologue.. ............................................................................. 1
Ivan Huber
Introduction .............................................................................. 3
E. P. Masler
I. Biology
Chapter 1
Biology of the Cockroach ................................................................ 7
William J. Bell
Chapter 2
Cockroach Culturing .................................................................... 13
David W. Alsop
Chapter 3
Anatomy of the Cockroach.. ............................................................ 33
A. P. Gupta, Y. T. Das, and B. R. Rao
11. Nervous System
Chapter 4
Anatomy of the Central Nervous System and Its Usefulness as a Model for
Neurobiology ............................................................................ 65
Charles R. Fourtner and Charles J. Kaars
Chapter 5
Innervation and Electrophysiology of the Corpus Allatum.. ............................. 89
C. S. Thompson and S. S. Tobe
Chapter 6
Neuroanatomical Methods. ............................................................. 103
Jonathan M. Blagburn and David B. Sattelle
111. Neuron Structure and Function
Chapter 7
Cockroach Axons and Cell Bodies: Electrical Activity ................................. 131
Marcel Pelhate, Yves Pichon, and David J. Beadle
Chapter 8
Electrophysiology and Pharmacology of Synaptic Transmission in the Central Nervous
System of the Cockroach.. ............................................................ .l49
Bernard Hue and Jean-Jacques Callec
Chapter 9
Neuromuscular Transmission in the Cockroach.. ....................................... 169
Hiroshi Washio
Chapter 10
Electrical and Mechanical Recording Methods ........................................ .l89
Moray Anderson, Karel Slama, and Thomas Miller
Chapter 11
Cellular Responses to Nerve Injury in the Cockroach Nervous System.. .............. .209
Robert M. Pitman
Chapter 12
Periplaneta americana Dissociated Primary Cultures.. ................................ ,233
Isabel Bermudez and David J. Beadle
Index .................................................................................. .247
