Clinical Outline of Oral Pathology: Diagnosis and Treatment

755 Pages·2011·52.53 MB·English

by  Lewis R. Eversole

CLINICAL OUTLINE OF ORAL
PATHOLOGY: DIAGNOSIS
AND TREATMENT
FOURTH EDITION
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CLINICAL OUTLINE OF ORAL
PATHOLOGY: DIAGNOSIS
AND TREATMENT
F E
OURTH DITION
Lewis R. Eversole
2011
PEOPLE’S MEDICAL PUBLISHING HOUSE–USA
SHELTON, CONNECTICUT
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People’s Medical Publishing House-USA
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11 12 13 14/PMPH/9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
ISBN: 978-1-60795-015-8
Printed in China by People’s Medical Publishing House
Editor: Jason Malley; Copyeditor/Typesetter: Newgen
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Eversole, Lewis R.
Clinical outline of oral pathology : diagnosis and treatment / Lewis R. Eversole. — 4th ed.
p. ; cm.
ISBN 978-1-60795-015-8
1. Mouth—Diseases. 2. Teeth—Diseases. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Diagnosis, Oral. 2. Mouth Diseases—diagnosis. 3. Diagnosis, Differential.
4. Mouth Diseases—therapy. WU 140]
RC815.E9 2010
616.3’1—dc22
2010051383
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Notice: The authors and publisher have made every effort to ensure that the patient care recommended herein, including
choice of drugs and drug dosages, is in accord with the accepted standard and practice at the time of publication. However,
since research and regulation constantly change clinical standards, the reader is urged to check the product information
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Contents
1. THE DIAGNOSTIC PROCESS 1
Procurement of the Data Base 2 Assessment of the Findings 5
CHIEF COMPLAINT AND HISTORY OF THE Formulating a Differential
PRESENT ILLNESS 2
Diagnosis 5
MEDICAL AND DENTAL HISTORY 3
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION 4 Securing a Defi nitive Diagnosis 6
RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION 4
CLINICAL LABORATORY TESTS 4 Formulating a Treatment Plan 7
2. WHITE LESIONS 9
Flat Plaques, Solitary 11 PROLIFERATIVE VERRUCOUS
LEUKOPLAKIA 31
FRICTIONAL BENIGN KERATOSES 11 VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA 33
LEUKOPLAKIA 12
Lacey White Lesions 34
ACTINIC CHEILITIS 14
SMOKELESS TOBACCO KERATOSES 14 LICHEN PLANUS 34
SANGUINARIA-INDUCED KERATOSES 16
LICHENOID REACTIONS 36
DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA 17
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS 37
FANCONI’S ANEMIA 18
HIV-ASSOCIATED HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA 38
DYSPLASIA, CARCINOMA IN SITU,
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA, AND Papular Lesions 40
VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA 19
LICHEN PLANUS (HYPERTROPHIC TYPE) 21 KOPLIK SPOTS OF MEASLES 40
MUCOUS PATCHES (SECONDARY FORDYCE’S GRANULES 41
SYPHILIS) 22 DENTAL LAMINA CYSTS, BOHN’S NODULES,
Flat Plaques, Bilateral or EPSTEIN’S PEARLS 41
STOMATITIS NICOTINA 42
Multifocal 23
SPECKLED LEUKOPLAKIA 43
LEUKOEDEMA 23
GENOKERATOSES 24 Pseudomembranous Lesions 44
PLAQUE-FORM LICHEN PLANUS (SEE
CHEMICAL BURNS 44
ABOVE) 30
CANDIDIASIS (MONILIASIS, THRUSH) 45
CHEEK/TONGUE BITE KERATOSIS 30
VESICULO-BULLOUS-ULCERATIVE
Verrucous/Rippled Plaques 31 DISEASES 47
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Contents
3. RED AND PIGMENTED LESIONS 49
Focal Erythemas 51 Petechiae 73
NONSPECIFIC (IRRITATIONAL) SUCTION PETECHIAE 73
MUCOSITIS 51 INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS 74
MEDIAN RHOMBOID GLOSSITIS 52 THROMBOCYTE DISORDERS 75
HEMANGIOMA 53 HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC
VARIX 54 TELANGIECTASIA 76
ERYTHROPLAKIA 55 Focal Pigmentations 77
Diffuse and Multifocal Red Lesions 56
AMALGAM AND GRAPHITE TATTOO 77
GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE (MIGRATORY MUCOCELE 78
GLOSSITIS) 56 HEMATOMA 79
ERYTHEMA MIGRANS (MIGRATORY NEVUS 80
STOMATITIS) 57 EPHELIS, ORAL MELANOTIC MACULE 81
ATROPHIC GLOSSITIS 58 Diffuse and Multifocal
RADIATION MUCOSITIS 59
Pigmentations 82
XEROSTOMIC MUCOSITIS 60
LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS 61 MALIGNANT MELANOMA 82
ALLERGIC MUCOSITIS, FOREIGN BODY RACIAL PIGMENTATION 83
GINGIVITIS 63 PIGMENTED LICHEN PLANUS 84
BULLOUS/EROSIVE DISEASES 64 PEUTZ-JEGHERS SYNDROME 85
CANDIDIASIS 65 MULTIPLE NEUROFIBROMATOSIS 86
LYMPHONODULAR PHARYNGITIS 67 ADDISON’S DISEASE 87
SCARLET FEVER 67 HEMOCHROMATOSIS 88
ATROPHIC LICHEN PLANUS 68 HIV-ASSOCIATED ORAL
PIGMENTATION 89
ECCHYMOSIS AND CLOTTING FACTOR
DEFICIENCIES 70 HEAVY METAL INGESTION 90
FIELD CANCERIZATION 71 DRUG-INDUCED PIGMENTATION 91
KAPOSI’S SARCOMA 72 HAIRY TONGUE 92
4. ORAL ULCERATIONS AND FISTULAE 95
Recurrent and Multiple ACUTE NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE
GINGIVITIS 105
Ulcerations 96
ACUTE STREPTOCOCCAL/
APHTHOUS STOMATITIS 96 STAPHYLOCOCCAL STOMATITIS 106
MAJOR SCARRING APHTHOUS CHRONIC ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS 107
STOMATITIS 97 GONOCOCCAL STOMATITIS 107
BEHÇET’S SYNDROME 99 HIV PERIODONTITIS AND ORAL
GLUTEN ENTEROPATHY 100 ULCERATIONS 108
AGRANULOCYTOSIS AND Focal Ulcerations 109
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION 100
CYCLIC NEUTROPENIA 101 TRAUMATIC ULCER 109
UREMIC STOMATITIS 102 TRAUMATIC GRANULOMA WITH STROMAL
VIRAL VESICULAR STOMATITIS 103 EOSINOPHILIA 111
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Contents
ATYPICAL HISTIOCYTIC GRANULOMA 112 OROANTRAL FISTULA 122
NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA 113 SOFT TISSUE ABSCESS 123
SPECIFIC GRANULOMATOUS ULCER 114 DEVELOPMENTAL ORAL SINUSES 124
CHANCRE (PRIMARY SYPHILIS) 115 FISSURED (SCROTAL) TONGUE 125
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 116
Necrotic and Osseous Destructive
Perioral and Commissural
Lesions 126
Ulcerations and Fistulae 117
FACTITIAL INJURY AND TRAUMA 126
COMMISSURAL PITS 117
WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS 127
CONGENITAL LIP PITS 118
EXTRANODAL NK/T-CELL LYMPHOMA 128
ANGULAR CHEILITIS 119
TERTIARY SYPHILIS 129
Oral Fistulae 120
OSTEORADIONECROSIS 130
PERIAPICAL ABSCESS AND MUCORMYCOSIS 131
OSTEOMYELITIS 120 ANTRAL CARCINOMA 132
PERIODONTAL ABSCESS 121 BISPHOSPHONATE-RELATED
ACTINOMYCOSIS 122 OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWS 133
5. VESICULOBULLOUS AND DESQUAMATIVE LESIONS 137
Febrile-Associated Vesicular BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID 151
BENIGN MUCOUS MEMBRANE
Eruptions 139
PEMPHIGOID 152
HERPETIC GINGIVOSTOMATITIS 139 BULLOUS LICHEN PLANUS 154
HERPANGINA 140 ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME 155
HAND-FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE 141 STEVENS-JOHNSON SYNDROME 156
PRIMARY VARICELLA-ZOSTER PARANEOPLASTIC PEMPHIGUS 157
(CHICKENPOX) 143 ANGINA BULLOSA HEMORRHAGICA 158
SECONDARY VARICELLA-ZOSTER EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA 159
(SHINGLES) 144
DERMATITIS HERPETIFORMIS (GLUTEN
Nonfebrile-Associated Vesicular ENTEROPATHY) 161
Eruptions 145 Desquamative Lesions 161
RECURRENT HERPES STOMATITIS 145 GINGIVOSIS (DESQUAMATIVE
RECURRENT HERPES LABIALIS 146 GINGIVITIS) 161
CONTACT VESICULAR STOMATITIS 148 EROSIVE LICHEN PLANUS 163
IMPETIGO 149 LICHENOID CONTACT STOMATITIS 164
CHRONIC ULCERATIVE STOMATITIS 165
Bullous Diseases 150
PYOSTOMATITIS VEGETANS 166
PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS 150 TOOTHPASTE IDIOSYNCRATIC LESIONS 168
6. INTRAORAL SOFT TISSUE SWELLINGS 171
Localized Gingival Tumefactions 173 PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA 176
PERIPHERAL FIBROMA 177
PARULIS 173 GIANT CELL FIBROMA 178
PYOGENIC GRANULOMA 175 PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA 179
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Contents
JUVENILE SPONGIOTIC GINGIVAL CHEILITIS GLANDULARIS 217
HYPERPLASIA 180 ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA 218
RETROCUSPID PAPILLAE 181 ACTINIC PRURIGO 219
TORUS MANDIBULARIS AND INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA 220
EXOSTOSES 181
FOREIGN BODY GRANULOMA 220
GINGIVAL CYST 183
CROHN’S DISEASE 221
ERUPTION CYST 184
TRAUMATIC FIBROMA 222
EPULIS FISSURATA 185
TRAUMATIC (AMPUTATION) NEUROMA 224
CONGENITAL EPULIS 185
MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS 224
MESENCHYMAL TUMORS 187
HERNIATED BUCCAL FAT PAD 225
PERIPHERAL ODONTOGENIC TUMORS 188
REACTIVE LYMPHOID HYPERPLASIA 226
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 189
HEMANGIOMA AND VARIX 227
SARCOMAS 190
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 229
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA 191
MONOMORPHIC ADENOMA 230
NON-HODGKIN’S LYMPHOMA 192
OTHER SALIVARY NEOPLASMS 231
METASTATIC CARCINOMA 193
Tongue Swellings 232
LANGERHANS CELL HISTIOCYTOSIS 194
Generalized Gingival Swellings 195 MEDIAN RHOMBOID GLOSSITIS 232
ECTOPIC LINGUAL THYROID 233
FIBROMATOSIS GINGIVAE 195
THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST 234
DRUG INDUCED HYPERPLASIA 196
LINGUAL CYST (ENTEROCYSTOMA, GASTRIC
NONSPECIFIC HYPERPLASTIC CYST) 235
GINGIVITIS 197
HYPERPLASTIC LINGUAL TONSIL 236
WEGENER’S GRANULOMATOSIS 198
LINGUAL ABSCESS 237
TYPE I DIABETES MELLITUS 199
REACTIVE LESIONS (FIBROMA, PYOGENIC
PUBERTY/PREGNANCY GINGIVITIS 200 GRANULOMA) 237
LEUKEMIA 201 MUCOCELE 238
Swellings of the Oral Floor 202 HEMANGIOMA AND LYMPHANGIOMA 239
NEURAL SHEATH TUMORS 241
RANULA AND SIALOCYSTS 202
GRANULAR CELL TUMOR 242
DISONTOGENIC CYSTS 203
LEIOMYOMA 243
LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST 204
OSTEOCARTILAGINOUS CHORISTOMA 244
SIALOLITHIASIS WITH SIALADENITIS 205
ECTOMESENCHYMAL CHONDROMYXOID
SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS 207 TUMOR 245
ADENOMATOID HYPERPLASIA 207 SARCOMAS 245
MESENCHYMAL NEOPLASMS 208 AMYLOID NODULES 246
LUDWIG’S ANGINA 209 SPECIFIC GRANULOMA 247
SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 210 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 248
Swellings of the Lips and Buccal Palatal Swellings 250
Mucosa 211
TORUS PALATINUS 250
MUCOUS RETENTION (EXTRAVASATION) CYST OF THE INCISIVE PAPILLA 251
PHENOMENON (MUCOCELE) 211 PALATAL ABSCESS 251
SIALOCYST 213 REACTIVE LESIONS OF PALATAL
MINOR GLAND SIALOLITHIASIS 214 GINGIVAL 252
NASOALVEOLAR (KLESTADT) CYST 215 ADENOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA 252
CHEILITIS GRANULOMATOSA 216 PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA 253
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Contents
POLYMORPHOUS LOW-GRADE ADENOCARCINOMA, NOS 259
ADENOCARCINOMA 254 ATYPICAL LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE
MISCELLANEOUS ADENOCARCINOMAS 255 DISEASE 259
ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA 256 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA 261
MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA 258 CARCINOMA OF THE ANTRUM 262
7. PAPILLARY, PAPULAR, AND MULTIPLE POLYPOID LESIONS 265
Focal Papillary Lesions 267 PAPILLARY SQUAMOUS CELL
CARCINOMA 281
PAPILLOMA 267 Diffuse Papular and Polypoid
VERRUCA VULGARIS 268
Lesions 282
CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM 269
VERRUCIFORM XANTHOMA 270 PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA 282
SIALADENOMA PAPILLIFERUM 271 STOMATITIS NICOTINA 283
GIANT CELL FIBROMA 272 ACUTE LYMPHONODULAR
PHARYNGITIS 284
SQUAMOUS ACANTHOMA 273
KERATOSIS FOLLICULARIS 284
Focal and Umbilicated Papules 273 FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA
(HECK’S DISEASE) 285
KERATOACANTHOMA 273
MULTIPLE HAMARTOMA (COWDEN)
WARTY DYSKERATOMA 274
SYNDROME 286
MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM 275
PYOSTOMATITIS VEGETANS 287
Diffuse and Multifocal Papillary CROHN’S DISEASE 288
Lesions 276 SPECIFIC GRANULOMATOUS
INFECTIONS 289
FOCAL DERMAL HYPOPLASIA (GOLTZ AMYLOIDOSIS 290
SYNDROME) 276
HYALINOSIS CUTIS ET MUCOSAE
NEVUS UNIUS LATERIS 277 (LIPOID PROTEINOSIS) 291
ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS 278 HEMANGIOMA/LYMPHANGIOMA 292
ATYPICAL VERRUCOUS MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA,
LEUKOPLAKIA 278 TYPE IIB 293
VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA 280 DENTAL LAMINA CYSTS 294
8. SOFT TISSUE SWELLINGS OF THE NECK AND FACE 297
Lateral Neck Swellings 300 ACTINOMYCOSIS 306
REACTIVE PROLIFERATIONS 307
BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST 300 SINUS HISTIOCYTOSIS 308
CERVICAL RIB AND TRANSVERSE BENIGN MESENCHYMAL TUMORS 309
PROCESS 301
CYSTIC HYGROMA (LYMPHANGIOMA) 310
NONSPECIFIC LYMPHADENITIS 301 CAROTID BODY TUMOR
INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS 303 (CHEMODECTOMA) 311
TUBERCULOUS LYMPHADENITIS METASTATIC CARCINOMA 312
(SCROFULA) 304 SARCOMAS 314
CAT-SCRATCH FEVER 305 MALIGNANT LYMPHOMA 315
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