Table Of ContentAdvances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 1321
Proteomics, Metabolomics, Interactomics and Systems Biology
Paul C. Guest Editor
Clinical, Biological
and Molecular
Aspects of
COVID-19
Advances in Experimental Medicine
and Biology
Proteomics, Metabolomics,
Interactomics and Systems Biology
Volume 1321
Series Editor
Daniel Martins-de-Souza
Institute of Biology
Laboratory of Neuroproteomics
University of Campinas (UNICAMP)
Campinas, Brazil
This series of volumes focuses on concepts, techniques and recent advances in
the field of proteomics, interactomics, metabolomics and systems biology.
Recent advances in various ‘omics’ technologies enable quantitative
monitoring of myriad various biological molecules in a high-throughput
manner, and allow determination of their variation between different
biological states on a genomic scale. Now that the sequencing of various
genomes, from prokaryotes to humans, has provided the list and linear
sequence of proteins and RNA that build living organisms, defining the
complete set of interactions that sustain life constitutes one of the key
challenges of the postgenomic era. This series is intended to cover experimental
approaches for defining protein-protein, protein-RNA, protein-DNA and
protein-lipid interactions; as well as theoretical approaches dealing with data
analysis, integration and modeling and ethical issues.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/15040
Paul C. Guest
Editor
Clinical, Biological
and Molecular Aspects
of COVID-19
Editor
Paul C. Guest
University of Campinas
São Paulo, Brazil
ISSN 0065-2598 ISSN 2214-8019 (electronic)
Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
ISSN 2730-6216 ISSN 2730-6224 (electronic)
Proteomics, Metabolomics, Interactomics and Systems Biology
ISBN 978-3-030-59260-8 ISBN 978-3-030-59261-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59261-5
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature
Switzerland AG 2021
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Preface
The novel coronavirus that erupted in Wuhan China at the end of 2019
(COVID-19) has led to a serious global pandemic, which is still ongoing.
The virulence and infection rate of COVID-19 are profound and has required
extreme social distancing measures across the globe in attempts to prevent
this virus from overwhelming healthcare services and hospitals. COVID-19
appears to have the greatest risk of a more serious disease course in elderly
individuals and those with co-morbid diseases, such as heart disease, asthma,
and diabetes. All of this has led to an unprecedented rapid worldwide mobi-
lization effort to identify effective treatments and develop vaccines. It is
hoped that such efforts will help to control this devastating disease and in the
control of future pandemics. The authors in this volume come from five of
the six habitable continents from countries such as Afghanistan, Austria,
Brazil, Iran, Italy, Poland, South Africa, South Korea, the United Kingdom,
the United States of America, and Vietnam.
This new volume will increase the reader’s understanding of the ongoing
COVID-19 pandemic through a series of chapters that focus on the first wave
of the pandemic. Leading experts discuss the effects of the virus in cases of
co-morbidities, new treatment approaches, and mental health aspects of the
pandemic and convey the results of survey studies. The book will be an
excellent resource for researchers studying virology, metabolic diseases, and
respiratory disorders, clinical scientists, physicians, drug companies, and
healthcare services and workers. The book will also be of interest to the
general population as virtually everyone has been affected by this deadly
pandemic in some way.
São Paulo, Brazil Paul C. Guest
v
Contents
Part I Reviews
1 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19): Beginning to Understand
a New Virus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Giau Van Vo, Eva Bagyinszky, Yoon Soo Park, John Hulme,
and Seong Soo A. An
2 Neurological Complications of the COVID-19 Pandemic:
What Have We Got So Far? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Isabelle Pastor Bandeira,
Marco Antônio Machado Schlindwein,
Leticia Caroline Breis, Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron,
and Marcus Vinícius Magno Gonçalves
3 Endothelial Dysfunction as a Primary Consequence
of SARS-CoV-2 Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Genevieve Mezoh and Nigel J. Crowther
4 A Review Study on the Neonatal Outcomes
of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Somayeh Makvandi, Mitra Mahdavian, Goli Kazemi-Nia,
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Leila Karimi,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
5 Relationship Between COVID-19
and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: A Scoping Review . . . . 53
Asma Shojaee, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Fakhrudin Faizi,
Farshid Rahimi-Bashar, Alireza Shahriary,
Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Galeh, Batool Nehrir,
Paul C. Guest, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
6 Experience in Nutrition Management of Diabetes-Affected
COVID-19 Patients . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Behnaz Abiri, Paul C. Guest, and Mohammadreza Vafa
7 Emerging Technologies for the Treatment of COVID-19 . . . . . . 81
Hossein Aghamollaei, Rahim Sarvestani, Hamid Bakherad,
Hamed Zare, Paul C. Guest, Reza Ranjbar,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
vii
viii Contents
8 Obesity and Risk of COVID-19 Infection and Severity:
Available Evidence and Mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Behnaz Abiri, Paul C. Guest, and Mohammadreza Vafa
9 COVID-19 Is an Endothelial Disease: Implications
of Nitric Oxide . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
Jason Kidde, Armita Mahdavi Gorabi, Tannaz Jamialahmadi,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
10 The Immune Response and Effectiveness
of COVID-19 Therapies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
Fataneh Tavasolian, Gholam Reza Hatam,
Sayed Hussain Mosawi, Mahdiyar Iravani Saadi,
Elham Abdollahi, Tannaz Jamialahmadi,
Thozhukat Sathyapalan, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
11 The Novel Coronavirus and Inflammation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
J. A. George and E. S. Mayne
12 Does SARS-CoV-2 Threaten Male Fertility? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Leila Karimi, Somayeh Makvandi,
Tannaz Jamialahmadi, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
13 COVID-19 and Vulnerable Populations
in Sub-Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
J. A. George, M. R. Maphayi, and T. Pillay
14 Overview of the Haematological Effects
of COVID-19 Infection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
T. M. Wiggill, E. S. Mayne, J. L. Vaughan, and S. Louw
15 The Novel Coronavirus and Haemostatic Abnormalities:
Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
S. Louw, B. F. Jacobson, E. S. Mayne, and T. M. Wiggill
Part II C linical Studies
16 COVID-19-Related Laboratory Analyte Changes
and the Relationship Between SARS-CoV-2
and HIV, TB, and HbA1c in South Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
R. Hesse, D. J. van der Westhuizen, and J. A. George
17 The Primary Outcomes and Epidemiological
and Clinical Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19) in Iran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Sara Ashtari, Gholamhosein Alishiri,
Alireza Shahriary, Mohsen Saberi, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar,
Yunes Panahi, Hossein Samadinia, Mojtaba Ferdosi,
Iman Jafari, Ensieh Vahedi, Ali Ghazvini,
Mohamad Nikpouraghdam, Keivan Goharimoghadam,
Morteza Izadi, Nematollah Jonaidi-Jafari, Sajad Shojaee,
Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
Contents ix
18 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19:
A Scoping Review and Meta-analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Mehdi Jafari-Oori, Fatemeh Ghasemifard, Abbas Ebadi,
Leila Karimi, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar, Tannaz Jamialahmadi,
Paul C. Guest, Amir Vahedian-Azimi,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
19 Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Among Patients
with COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
Malihe Sadat Moayed, Amir Vahedian-Azimi,
Golshan Mirmomeni, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar,
Keivan Goharimoghadam, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi,
Mohsen Abbasi-Farajzadeh, Mostafa Hekmat,
Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Paul C. Guest,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
20 Survey of Immediate Psychological Distress Levels
Among Healthcare Workers in the COVID-19 Epidemic:
A Cross-Sectional Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Malihe Sadat Moayed, Amir Vahedian-Azimi,
Golshan Mirmomeni, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar,
Keivan Goharimoghadam, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi,
Mohsen Abbasi-Farajzadeh, Mostafa Hekmat,
Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Paul C. Guest,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
21 Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Associated Psychological Distress
Among Medical Students in Iran. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
Malihe Sadat Moayed, Amir Vahedian-Azimi,
Golshan Mirmomeni, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar,
Keivan Goharimoghadam, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi,
Mohsen Abbasi-Farajzadeh, Azam Khatibzadeh,
Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Paul C. Guest,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
22 A Survey of Psychological Distress Among the Community
in the COVID-19 Epidemic: A Cross- Sectional Study . . . . . . . . . 253
Malihe Sadat Moayed, Amir Vahedian-Azimi,
Golshan Mirmomeni, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar,
Keivan Goharimoghadam, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi,
Mohsen Abbasi-Farajzadeh, Mansour Babaei,
Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Paul C. Guest,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
23 Gender Susceptibility to COVID-19 Mortality:
Androgens as the Usual Suspects? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi,
Mohsen Saberi, Behzad Behnam, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
x Contents
24 Identification, Monitoring, and Prediction of Disease
Severity in Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Based
on Chest Computed Tomography Scans:
A Retrospective Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
Ramezan Jafari, Sara Ashtari,
Mohamad Amin Pourhoseingholi, Houshyar Maghsoudi,
Fatemeh Cheraghalipoor, Nematollah Jonaidi Jafari,
Hassan Saadat, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar,
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
25 The Level of Procalcitonin in Severe COVID-19 Patients:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
Farshad Heidari-Beni, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Sajad Shojaei,
Farshid Rahimi-Bashar, Alireza Shahriary,
Thomas P. Johnston, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
26 A Systematic Review of 571 Pregnancies
Affected by COVID-19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
Leila Karimi, Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Somayeh Makvandi,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
27 The 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease in Pregnancy:
A Systematic Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
Somayeh Makvandi, Mitra Mahdavian, Goli Kazemi-Nia,
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Paul C. Guest, Leila Karimi,
and Amirhossein Sahebkar
28 Acute Kidney Injury and Covid-19: A Scoping Review
and Meta-Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309
Mehdi Jafari-Oori, Marco Fiorentino, Giuseppe Castellano,
Abbas Ebadi, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar, Paul C. Guest,
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
29 Cardiac Injury in COVID-19: A Systematic Review . . . . . . . . . . 325
Malihe Sadat Moayed, Farshid Rahimi-Bashar,
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Thozhukat Sathyapalan, Paul C. Guest,
Tannaz Jamialahmadi, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
30 A Systematic Review of the Assessment of the Presence
of SARS-CoV-2 in Human Semen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Amir Vahedian-Azimi, Leila Karimi, Somayeh Makvandi,
Tannaz Jamialahmadi, and Amirhossein Sahebkar
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343
